Plays of Sophocles: Oedipus the King; Oedipus at Colonus; Antigone — Page 3

Vocabulary

Vâng

Vâng — Yes; polite affirmative response in Vietnamese

bậc

bậc — Level, rank, or step; used for respected persons

quân

quân — Ruler, king, or lord; used in formal address

vương

vương — King, prince, or royal; monarchical title

tối

tối — Dark, darkest; also means evening or night

thượng

thượng — Supreme, highest, upper; used in formal titles

của

của — Of, belonging to; possessive particle in Vietnamese

thần

thần — God, deity, or spirit; also humble self-reference

Người

Người — Person, people; also respectful third-person pronoun

thấy

thấy — To see, to perceive, to feel or notice

đó

đó — That, there; demonstrative pronoun indicating something nearby

hai

hai — Two; the number 2 in Vietnamese

đầu

đầu — Head; also beginning or first in a sequence

tuổi

tuổi — Age, years old; used to express someone's age

tác

tác — Age or work; often paired with tuổi for age

đang

đang — Currently doing; present tense marker in Vietnamese

vây

vây — To surround, encircle, or besiege something

quanh

quanh — Around, surrounding; indicating circular proximity

Các

Các — Plural marker for nouns; the, various, all of

bàn

bàn — Table; also to discuss or deliberate something

thờ

thờ — To worship, venerate; altar or place of worship

trong

trong — Inside, within; preposition indicating interior location

cung

cung — Palace, royal hall; also bow or musical note

điện

điện — Palace, hall; also electricity or temple hall

những

những — Plural marker; those, some, various things or people

đứa

đứa — Classifier for children or informal reference to people

trẻ

trẻ — Young, youth; children or young people

chưa

chưa — Not yet; indicates an incomplete or pending action

đủ

đủ — Enough, sufficient; having an adequate amount

lông

lông — Feather, fur, or body hair on animals

cánh

cánh — Wing of a bird or insect; also a side or flank

và

và — And; conjunction linking words or clauses together

người

người — Person, human being; general word for people

râu

râu — Beard, mustache, or facial hair on a man

bạc

bạc — Silver; also white-haired or pale, ungrateful

còng

còng — Bent, hunched; to stoop or be curved over

lưng

lưng — Back of the body; the dorsal area of a person

vì

vì — Because, for the sake of; causal conjunction

các

các — Plural article; used before nouns to indicate plurality

thầy

thầy — Teacher, master, or male religious officiant

tế

tế — Ritual sacrifice or ceremonial offering; to offer sacrifice

lễ

lễ — Ceremony, rite, ritual; also courtesy or etiquette

như

như — Like, as, such as; comparative conjunction

chính

chính — Main, principal, exact, correct; also politics or government

đây

đây — Here, this place; proximal demonstrative pronoun

là

là — To be; linking verb indicating identity or equivalence

bông

bông — Flower, blossom; also cotton or fluffy material

hoa

hoa — Flower; also floral pattern or Chinese-related things

tươi

tươi — Fresh, bright, vibrant; not withered or stale

chúng

chúng — They, them, we; plural pronoun for a group

Trong

Trong — Inside, within; preposition for enclosed spaces

khi

khi — When, while; temporal conjunction indicating time

dân

dân — People, citizens, populace of a nation or community

tay

tay — Hand, arm; also a person skilled at something

cầm

cầm — To hold, grasp, or carry something in hand

cành

cành — Branch or twig of a tree or plant

lá

lá — Leaf of a plant; also classifier for flat things

kết

kết — To tie, bind, weave together; to form or conclude

vòng

vòng — Circle, ring, wreath; a loop or circular shape

Tụ

Tụ — To gather, assemble, or congregate in one place

tập

tập — To practice, train; also to gather or assemble

đông

đông — Crowded, numerous; also east direction or winter

đúc

đúc — Dense, packed; used with đông for large crowd

tại

tại — At, in; preposition indicating location or because of

khu

khu — Area, zone, district; a designated region or section

chợ

chợ — Market, marketplace; place for buying and selling goods

hay

hay — Or; also means interesting, good, or often

trước

trước — Before, in front of; preceding in time or space

Cả

Cả — All, entire, whole; emphasizing totality of something

đền

đền — Temple, shrine; also to compensate or repay

hoặc

hoặc — Or; disjunctive conjunction presenting alternatives

nơi

nơi — Place, location, where; indicating a specific spot

ban

ban — To grant, bestow; also a committee or daytime

phán

phán — To decree, pronounce judgment or divine oracle

truyền

truyền — To transmit, pass on, spread; to proclaim or convey

ngài

ngài — Honorific for respected person; his/her excellency

qua

qua — Through, via, past; to pass or go through something

ngọn

ngọn — Tip, top, flame; classifier for fire or pointed things

lửa

lửa — Fire, flame; combustion producing heat and light

Bởi

Bởi — Because, due to; causal conjunction explaining reason

con

con — Child, offspring; classifier for animals and some objects

thuyền

thuyền — Boat, vessel; small watercraft for travel or fishing

quốc

quốc — Nation, country, state; relating to national matters

gia

gia — Family, home; also to add or increase something

Bị

Bị — Passive marker; to suffer or be subjected to something

sóng

sóng — Wave of water; also signal waves in physics

vùi

vùi — To bury, submerge, or overwhelm beneath something

dập

dập — To beat, pound, crush; to batter or strike repeatedly

tơi

tơi — Torn apart, tattered; scattered or broken to pieces

tả

tả — Describe; also left direction or devastated condition

không

không — No, not; negation word in Vietnamese sentences

còn

còn — Still, remaining; yet or to still have something

có

có — To have, exist; affirmative existence marker

thể

thể — Can, able to; indicates possibility or capability

ngẩng

ngẩng — To raise one's head upward; to lift the face

lên

lên — Up, upward; directional complement indicating rising motion

được

được — Can, able; indicates success or permission to do

nữa

nữa — More, anymore, again; indicates continuation or addition

Đắm

Đắm — To sink, submerge, be engulfed or drowned in something

chìm

chìm — To sink, submerge below a surface; to go under

dưới

dưới — Under, below, beneath; preposition indicating lower position

cơn

cơn — Classifier for storms, floods, fits, or outbursts

lũ

lũ — Flood, floodwaters; overwhelming surge of water

máu

máu — Blood; the red fluid circulating in the body

cuồn

cuồn — To surge, roll, billow; used in cuồn cuộn for swirling

cuộn

cuộn — To roll, curl, coil; swirling or rolling motion

Một

Một — One; the number 1, also used as an indefinite article

tai

tai — Ear; also disaster when used in tai họa

họa

họa — Disaster, calamity, misfortune; terrible harmful event

giáng

giáng — To strike down, descend upon; to befall with force

xuống

xuống — Down, downward; directional complement indicating descent

mùa

mùa — Season; also crop or harvest time of year

lúa

lúa — Rice plant, paddy; staple grain crop of Vietnam

trổ

trổ — To sprout, bloom, or bear fruit; to come out

đàn

đàn — Herd, flock, group of animals; also musical instrument

súc

súc — Livestock; domestic animals raised for farming use

vật

vật — Animal, creature, thing; object or living being

gặm

gặm — To graze, gnaw, nibble; chewing on grass or food

cỏ

cỏ — Grass, weed; low-growing green plant vegetation

vợ

vợ — Wife; a married woman in relation to her husband

sinh

sinh — To give birth, be born, live; biological life action

nở

nở — To bloom, hatch, give birth; to open or expand

hơn

hơn — More than, greater than; comparative degree marker

thế

thế — Such, so, like that; world or position or posture

Vị

Vị — Classifier for respected persons; taste or flavor

Dịch

Dịch — Epidemic, plague, pestilence; also to translate something

Bệnh

Bệnh — Disease, illness, sickness; medical condition affecting health

với

với — With, together with; preposition indicating accompaniment

đuốc

đuốc — Torch; a burning stick used to provide light

rực

rực — Blazing, glowing, brilliantly bright; intensely luminous

trên

trên — On, above, upper; preposition indicating higher position

Đã

Đã — Already, past tense marker; indicates completed action

đổ

đổ — To pour, spill, collapse; to overturn or devastate

thành

thành — City, fortress; also to become or succeed in doing

phố

phố — Street, urban area, town; city district or road

vơ

vơ — To grab, sweep up, take indiscriminately in quantity

vét

vét — To scrape clean, exhaust, plunder everything away

trống

trống — Empty, hollow; also a drum used in music

rỗng

rỗng — Empty, hollow, void; containing nothing inside

Nhà

Nhà — House, home, family, house of; royal or noble house

u

u — Dark, gloomy, obscure; also tumor or nanny

ám

ám — Dark, gloomy; to haunt or obsess; shadowy feeling

đã

đã — Already; past tense marker for completed actions

no

no — Full, satiated; having eaten or received enough

tiếng

tiếng — Sound, voice, language; also classifier for sounds

rên

rên — To moan, groan in pain or distress

rỉ

rỉ — To trickle, seep; also rust or whisper softly

nước

nước — Water; also country or nation in Vietnamese

mắt

mắt — Eye; organ of sight; nước mắt means tears

Vì

Vì — Because, therefore, for; reason-giving conjunction

vậy

vậy — So, therefore, thus; indicates conclusion or result

tâu

tâu — To address or report to a king humbly; royal petition

Đại

Đại — Great, grand, major; prefix for greatness or size

Vương

Vương — King, ruler, monarch; royal title in Vietnamese

ngồi

ngồi — To sit; to be seated in a position

bệ

bệ — Throne, pedestal, base; platform for royalty or statue

hạ

hạ — Below, lower; also your majesty in address form

Thần

Thần — Deity, spirit; humble self-reference when addressing royalty

này

này — This, here; proximal demonstrative adjective or pronoun

phải

phải — Must, have to; also right, correct, or right side

coi

coi — To consider, regard, look at; to view as something

vị

vị — Position, place, rank; classifier for respected persons

mới

mới — New, just, recently; indicates novelty or recent action

mà

mà — But, yet, and; contrastive or emphatic conjunction

nhất

nhất — Most, number one; superlative marker in Vietnamese

số

số — Number, fate, destiny; numerical figure or life lot

trần

trần — The mortal world, earthly realm; also bare or ceiling

Bậc

Bậc — Level, rank, step; respectful classifier for distinguished person

biến

biến — To change, transform, turn into; sudden shift or event

cố

cố — Incident, matter; also to try hard or deceased relative

thường

thường — Ordinary, usual, normal; often or commonly occurring

ngày

ngày — Day; a 24-hour period or daytime hours

cuộc

cuộc — Classifier for events, games, journeys, or contests

đời

đời — Life, lifetime, generation; one's existence on earth

Và

Và — And; conjunction used to connect words or clauses

lần

lần — Time, instance, occasion; classifier for repeated actions

linh

linh — Spirit, sacred, divine; spiritually powerful or miraculous

lâm

lâm — To arrive, befall; to be in a situation or forest

Há

Há — Is it not? Surely; rhetorical question opener

chẳng

chẳng — Not, does not; negation with emphatic or rhetorical tone

đến

đến — To come, arrive, reach; preposition meaning until or to

giải

giải — To solve, explain, free, release; to untie or resolve

phóng

phóng — To release, free, launch; liberation or projection forward

khỏi

khỏi — From, out of, free from; to escape or recover from

cái

cái — Classifier for objects; the, this thing or concept

giá

giá — Price, cost, value; the amount paid for something

trả

trả — To pay, return, repay; to give back what is owed

Cho

Cho — For, to give; preposition indicating recipient or purpose

quái

quái — Monster, strange creature; weird or monstrous being

ca

ca — To sing; also a shift of work or a song

hát

hát — To sing a song; vocal musical performance

hung

hung — Fierce, violent, evil, brutal; menacing or malevolent

ác

ác — Evil, wicked, cruel; morally bad or harmful

kia

kia — That over there; distal demonstrative pronoun or adjective

nhận

nhận — To receive, accept, recognize, acknowledge something

Bất

Bất — Not, un-, in-; negative prefix in Sino-Vietnamese words

kỳ

kỳ — Any, whatever; also strange or a period of time

sự

sự — Matter, affair, thing, event; nominalizer in Vietnamese

gợi

gợi — To suggest, evoke, hint at; to prompt a thought

ý

ý — Idea, thought, meaning, intention; mental content

nào

nào — Any, which; interrogative or indefinite pronoun

từ

từ — From, since; preposition indicating origin or starting point

khác

khác — Other, different, another; contrasting with what was mentioned

chỉ

chỉ — Only, just, merely; to point at or indicate something

dạy

dạy — To teach, instruct, educate; to impart knowledge

Không

Không — No, not, without; primary negation word in Vietnamese

soi

soi — To illuminate, shine light on; to examine by light

sáng

sáng — Bright, light, clear; morning or to illuminate darkness

mọi

mọi — Every, all, each; indicating totality without exception

đều

đều — All, equally, every one; uniformly applying to all

tin

tin — To believe, trust; also news or a message

chứng

chứng — Evidence, proof, witness; to testify or prove something

hồi

hồi — Period, time, act; also to return or recall memory