Second Treatise of Government — Page 1
CHAPTER. I.
KAPITEL. I.
AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGINAL, EXTENT AND END OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT
EIN VERSUCH ÜBER DEN WAHREN URSPRUNG, UMFANG UND ZWECK DER BÜRGERLICHEN REGIERUNG
Sect. 1. It having been shewn in the foregoing discourse,
Abschn. 1. Nachdem in der vorangehenden Abhandlung gezeigt worden ist,
(1). That Adam had not, either by natural right of fatherhood, or by positive donation from God, any such authority over his children, or dominion over the world, as is pretended:
(1). Dass Adam weder durch natürliches Recht der Vaterschaft noch durch ausdrückliche Schenkung Gottes irgendeine solche Gewalt über seine Kinder oder Herrschaft über die Welt hatte, wie behauptet wird:
(2). That if he had, his heirs, yet, had no right to it:
(2). Dass, wenn er sie gehabt hätte, seine Erben dennoch kein Recht darauf gehabt hätten:
(3). That if his heirs had, there being no law of nature nor positive law of God that determines which is the right heir in all cases that may arise, the right of succession, and consequently of bearing rule, could not have been certainly determined:
(3). Dass, wenn seine Erben sie gehabt hätten, da es kein Naturgesetz noch ein ausdrückliches Gesetz Gottes gibt, das bestimmt, wer in allen vorkommenden Fällen der rechtmäßige Erbe ist, das Recht der Nachfolge und folglich der Herrschaftsausübung nicht mit Sicherheit hätte bestimmt werden können:
(4).
(4).
Vocabulary
- KAPITEL
- Chapter; a main division of a book
- EIN
- A/an; indefinite article or the number one
- VERSUCH
- Attempt, essay, or experiment on a topic
- ÜBER
- About, over, or concerning a subject
- DEN
- The; definite article in accusative/dative case
- WAHREN
- True, genuine, real; adjective describing authenticity
- URSPRUNG
- Origin, source, or beginning of something
- UMFANG
- Scope, extent, or range of something
- UND
- And; basic coordinating conjunction
- ZWECK
- Purpose, aim, or goal of something
- DER
- The; definite article for masculine or genitive
- BÜRGERLICHEN
- Civil, civic, or bourgeois; relating to citizens
- REGIERUNG
- Government or administration ruling a state
- Abschn
- Abbreviation for Abschnitt; section or paragraph
- Nachdem
- After; subordinating conjunction indicating sequence
- in
- In, inside, or within a place or context
- der
- The; definite article in various cases
- vorangehenden
- Preceding, previous; coming before the current item
- Abhandlung
- Treatise, essay, or scholarly written work
- gezeigt
- Shown, demonstrated; past participle of zeigen
- worden
- Been; auxiliary past participle for passive constructions
- ist
- Is; third-person singular present of sein
- Dass
- That; subordinating conjunction introducing a clause
- weder
- Neither; used in neither...nor constructions
- durch
- Through, by means of; preposition indicating agency
- natürliches
- Natural; adjective describing something from nature
- Recht
- Right, law, or entitlement; legal or moral claim
- Vaterschaft
- Paternity, fatherhood; status of being a father
- noch
- Nor, still, yet; used in negative correlations
- ausdrückliche
- Explicit, express; clearly and directly stated
- Schenkung
- Gift, donation, or grant formally bestowed
- Gottes
- Of God; genitive form of Gott
- irgendeine
- Any, some; indefinite pronoun for unspecified thing
- solche
- Such; demonstrative adjective referring to mentioned kind
- Gewalt
- Power, force, or authority over others
- über
- Over, above, about; preposition with various uses
- seine
- His; possessive pronoun for masculine subject
- Kinder
- Children; plural of Kind
- oder
- Or; coordinating conjunction offering an alternative
- Herrschaft
- Rule, dominion, or sovereignty over a territory
- die
- The; definite article for feminine or plural
- Welt
- World; the earth or all of existence
- hatte
- Had; simple past tense of haben
- wie
- How, as, like; conjunction or interrogative adverb
- behauptet
- Claimed, asserted; stated without full proof
- wird
- Becomes/is; third-person singular of werden
- wenn
- If, when; conditional or temporal conjunction
- er
- He; third-person singular masculine pronoun
- sie
- She, they, or it; pronoun with multiple references
- gehabt
- Had; past participle of haben
- hätte
- Would have; subjunctive past of haben
- Erben
- Heirs; those who inherit property or title
- dennoch
- Nevertheless, yet, still; concessive adverb
- kein
- No, not a; negative indefinite article
- darauf
- Thereon, on that; adverb referring to prior thing
- hätten
- Would have; subjunctive plural past of haben
- da
- Since, because, there; causal or locative word
- es
- It; neuter third-person singular pronoun
- Naturgesetz
- Law of nature; principle governing natural order
- ein
- A, an; indefinite article or number one
- ausdrückliches
- Explicit; clearly and expressly stated or declared
- Gesetz
- Law; rule established by authority or nature
- gibt
- Gives, there is; third-person singular of geben
- das
- The, that; neuter definite article or pronoun
- bestimmt
- Determines, specifies; third-person of bestimmen
- wer
- Who; interrogative or relative pronoun
- allen
- All, every; dative plural of all
- vorkommenden
- Occurring, arising; cases that may come up
- Fällen
- Cases; dative plural of Fall
- rechtmäßige
- Lawful, legitimate; conforming to law or right
- Erbe
- Heir or inheritance; one who inherits something
- Nachfolge
- Succession; the act of following in a position
- und
- And; basic coordinating conjunction
- folglich
- Consequently, therefore; logical conclusion marker
- Herrschaftsausübung
- Exercise of dominion or rule over others
- nicht
- Not; standard negation adverb in German
- mit
- With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means
- Sicherheit
- Certainty, security, or safety; state of being sure
- werden
- To become or will; auxiliary or main verb
- können
- Can, to be able to; modal verb of ability
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