Second Treatise of Government — Page 1
CHAPTER. I.
CAPÍTULO I.
AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGINAL, EXTENT AND END OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT
UN ENSAYO SOBRE EL VERDADERO ORIGEN, ALCANCE Y FIN DEL GOBIERNO CIVIL
Sect. 1. It having been shewn in the foregoing discourse,
Sec. 1. Habiéndose demostrado en el discurso anterior,
(1). That Adam had not, either by natural right of fatherhood, or by positive donation from God, any such authority over his children, or dominion over the world, as is pretended:
(1). Que Adán no tenía, ni por derecho natural de paternidad, ni por donación positiva de Dios, ninguna autoridad sobre sus hijos, ni dominio sobre el mundo, tal como se pretende:
(2). That if he had, his heirs, yet, had no right to it:
(2). Que si la hubiera tenido, sus herederos, aun así, no tendrían derecho a ella:
(3). That if his heirs had, there being no law of nature nor positive law of God that determines which is the right heir in all cases that may arise, the right of succession, and consequently of bearing rule, could not have been certainly determined:
(3). Que si sus herederos la hubieran tenido, no existiendo ley natural ni ley positiva de Dios que determine quién es el heredero legítimo en todos los casos que pudieran surgir, el derecho de sucesión, y consecuentemente el de gobernar, no podría haber sido determinado con certeza:
(4).
(4).
Vocabulary
- CAPÍTULO
- A numbered division or chapter within a book.
- UN
- Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an'.
- ENSAYO
- A written composition exploring a topic analytically.
- SOBRE
- Preposition meaning 'about,' 'on,' or 'over'.
- EL
- Definite masculine singular article meaning 'the'.
- VERDADERO
- Adjective meaning genuine, real, or true.
- ORIGEN
- The source or starting point of something.
- ALCANCE
- The extent, reach, or scope of something.
- Y
- Conjunction meaning 'and,' linking words or clauses.
- FIN
- The purpose, end, or goal of something.
- DEL
- Contraction of 'de' and 'el,' meaning 'of the'.
- GOBIERNO
- The ruling authority or administration of a state.
- CIVIL
- Relating to citizens or non-military public affairs.
- Habiéndose
- Gerund of 'haber,' meaning 'having been' reflexively.
- demostrado
- Past participle of 'demostrar,' meaning proven or demonstrated.
- en
- Preposition meaning 'in,' 'on,' or 'at'.
- el
- Definite masculine singular article meaning 'the'.
- discurso
- A speech, discourse, or extended written argument.
- anterior
- Adjective meaning previous, prior, or preceding.
- Que
- Conjunction meaning 'that,' introducing a subordinate clause.
- no
- Adverb of negation meaning 'no' or 'not'.
- tenía
- Imperfect tense of 'tener,' meaning 'had' or 'possessed'.
- ni
- Conjunction meaning 'nor' or 'neither,' expressing negation.
- por
- Preposition meaning 'by,' 'for,' or 'through'.
- derecho
- A legal right or entitlement held by someone.
- natural
- Adjective meaning existing in or by nature inherently.
- de
- Preposition meaning 'of,' 'from,' or 'about'.
- paternidad
- The state or role of being a father.
- donación
- A gift or grant formally given to someone.
- positiva
- Adjective meaning explicit, affirmative, or formally granted.
- Dios
- The word for God in the Spanish language.
- ninguna
- Adjective or pronoun meaning 'no' or 'none' feminine.
- autoridad
- Power or right to give orders and enforce obedience.
- sobre
- Preposition meaning 'over,' 'above,' or 'about'.
- sus
- Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'their'.
- hijos
- Plural noun meaning children or sons of someone.
- dominio
- Authority, control, or dominion over a territory or people.
- mundo
- The Earth or the entire world as a whole.
- tal
- Adjective or adverb meaning 'such' or 'such a'.
- como
- Conjunction or adverb meaning 'as,' 'like,' or 'how'.
- se
- Reflexive pronoun used with verbs for passive or reflexive actions.
- pretende
- Third person singular of 'pretender,' meaning claims or asserts.
- si
- Conjunction meaning 'if,' introducing a conditional clause.
- la
- Definite feminine singular article or object pronoun 'her/it'.
- hubiera
- Past subjunctive of 'haber,' meaning 'had' hypothetically.
- tenido
- Past participle of 'tener,' meaning 'had' or 'possessed'.
- herederos
- Plural noun meaning heirs, those who inherit property or title.
- aun
- Adverb meaning 'even' or 'still,' emphasizing a point.
- así
- Adverb meaning 'thus,' 'so,' or 'in this way'.
- tendrían
- Conditional of 'tener,' meaning 'they would have'.
- a
- Preposition meaning 'to' or 'at,' indicating direction or target.
- ella
- Third person singular feminine pronoun meaning 'her' or 'she'.
- hubieran
- Past subjunctive plural of 'haber,' meaning 'they had'.
- existiendo
- Gerund of 'existir,' meaning existing or being in existence.
- ley
- A rule or statute enacted by a governing authority.
- que
- Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'.
- determine
- Present subjunctive of 'determinar,' meaning determines or establishes.
- quién
- Interrogative pronoun meaning 'who' in questions or clauses.
- es
- Third person singular of 'ser,' meaning 'is'.
- heredero
- A person legally entitled to inherit another's property or title.
- legítimo
- Adjective meaning lawful, legitimate, or rightful by law.
- todos
- Adjective or pronoun meaning 'all' or 'every'.
- los
- Definite masculine plural article meaning 'the'.
- casos
- Plural of 'caso,' meaning cases, situations, or instances.
- pudieran
- Past subjunctive of 'poder,' meaning 'they could' hypothetically.
- surgir
- To arise, emerge, or come up unexpectedly.
- sucesión
- The process of inheriting a title, property, or position.
- y
- Conjunction meaning 'and,' connecting words or phrases.
- consecuentemente
- Adverb meaning consequently, therefore, or as a result.
- gobernar
- To govern, rule, or exercise authority over others.
- podría
- Conditional of 'poder,' meaning 'could' or 'would be able'.
- haber
- Auxiliary verb meaning 'to have,' used in compound tenses.
- sido
- Past participle of 'ser,' meaning 'been'.
- determinado
- Past participle of 'determinar,' meaning determined or established.
- con
- Preposition meaning 'with,' indicating accompaniment or means.
- certeza
- The quality of being certain; confidence or sureness.
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