Second Treatise of Government — Page 1

English → Fr Book II Level 9/10

CHAPTER. I.

CHAPITRE I.

AN ESSAY CONCERNING THE TRUE ORIGINAL, EXTENT AND END OF CIVIL GOVERNMENT

UN ESSAI SUR LA VÉRITABLE ORIGINE, L'ÉTENDUE ET LA FIN DU GOUVERNEMENT CIVIL

Sect. 1. It having been shewn in the foregoing discourse,

Sect. 1. Il ayant été démontré dans le discours précédent,

(1). That Adam had not, either by natural right of fatherhood, or by positive donation from God, any such authority over his children, or dominion over the world, as is pretended:

(1). Qu'Adam n'avait pas, ni par droit naturel de paternité, ni par donation positive de Dieu, une telle autorité sur ses enfants, ou domination sur le monde, que celle qui est prétendue :

(2). That if he had, his heirs, yet, had no right to it:

(2). Que s'il l'avait eue, ses héritiers, pourtant, n'y avaient aucun droit :

(3). That if his heirs had, there being no law of nature nor positive law of God that determines which is the right heir in all cases that may arise, the right of succession, and consequently of bearing rule, could not have been certainly determined:

(3). Que si ses héritiers l'avaient eue, il n'existant aucune loi de la nature ni loi positive de Dieu qui détermine quel est le juste héritier dans tous les cas pouvant survenir, le droit de succession, et par conséquent celui d'exercer le pouvoir, n'aurait pu être déterminé avec certitude :

(4).

Vocabulary

CHAPITRE: sha-PEE-truh — A numbered division or section of a book.
UN: uhn — Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'.
ESSAI: eh-SAY — A written composition exploring a specific topic.
SUR: soor — Preposition meaning 'on' or 'about'.
LA: lah — Definite article 'the' for feminine nouns.
VÉRITABLE: vay-ree-TAH-bluh — Adjective meaning genuine, real, or true.
ORIGINE: oh-ree-ZHEEN — The source or starting point of something.
L': luh/lah — Contracted definite article 'the' before vowels.
ÉTENDUE: ay-tahn-DOO — The extent, scope, or range of something.
ET: ay — Conjunction meaning 'and', linking words or clauses.
FIN: fan — The end, purpose, or goal of something.
DU: doo — Contracted article meaning 'of the' (masculine).
GOUVERNEMENT: goo-vehr-nuh-MAHN — The system or group that rules a state.
CIVIL: see-VEEL — Relating to citizens or non-military public affairs.
Il: eel — Third-person singular masculine pronoun meaning 'he/it'.
ayant: ay-YAHN — Present participle of 'avoir', meaning 'having'.
été: ay-TAY — Past participle of 'être', meaning 'been'.
démontré: day-mohn-TRAY — Past participle meaning 'demonstrated' or 'proved'.
dans: dahn — Preposition meaning 'in' or 'within'.
le: luh — Definite article 'the' for masculine singular nouns.
discours: dees-KOOR — A speech or formal written discourse on a topic.
précédent: pray-say-DAHN — Adjective meaning preceding or previous.
Qu': kuh — Contracted conjunction 'que' meaning 'that'.
n': nuh — Contracted negative particle used with 'pas'.
avait: ah-VAY — Imperfect form of 'avoir', meaning 'had'.
pas: pah — Negation word used with 'ne' meaning 'not'.
ni: nee — Conjunction meaning 'nor' or 'neither'.
par: par — Preposition meaning 'by' or 'through'.
droit: drwah — A legal right or entitlement granted to someone.
naturel: nah-too-REHL — Adjective meaning natural, innate, or from nature.
de: duh — Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'about'.
paternité: pah-tehr-nee-TAY — Fatherhood or the state of being a father.
donation: doh-nah-SYOHN — A gift or formal grant of something to someone.
positive: poh-zee-TEEV — Adjective meaning explicit, definite, or affirmative.
Dieu: dyuh — The word for God in French.
une: oon — Feminine indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one'.
telle: tehl — Adjective meaning 'such' or 'of that kind'.
autorité: oh-toh-ree-TAY — Power or right to give orders and be obeyed.
sur: soor — Preposition meaning 'on', 'over', or 'upon'.
ses: say — Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'.
enfants: ahn-FAHN — Children or young offspring of a parent.
ou: oo — Conjunction meaning 'or', presenting an alternative.
domination: doh-mee-nah-SYOHN — Power or authority exercised over others forcefully.
monde: mohnd — The world or a large group of people.
que: kuh — Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that', 'which', or 'than'.
celle: sehl — Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the one' (feminine).
qui: kee — Relative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'which'.
est: ay — Third-person singular of 'être', meaning 'is'.
prétendue: pray-tahn-DOO — Claimed or alleged, often without solid justification.
Que: kuh — Conjunction meaning 'that', introducing a clause.
s': suh — Contracted reflexive pronoun 'se' before a vowel.
il: eel — Third-person singular masculine pronoun, 'he' or 'it'.
l': luh/lah — Contracted direct object pronoun meaning 'him/her/it'.
eue: oo — Feminine past participle of 'avoir', meaning 'had'.
héritiers: ay-ree-TYAY — Heirs or persons inheriting property from another.
pourtant: poor-TAHN — Adverb meaning 'however', 'yet', or 'nevertheless'.
y: ee — Pronoun meaning 'there' or 'to it/them'.
avaient: ah-VAY — Imperfect plural form of 'avoir', meaning 'had'.
aucun: oh-KAN — Adjective or pronoun meaning 'no' or 'none'.
si: see — Conjunction meaning 'if' or adverb meaning 'so'.
existant: ehg-zees-TAHN — Present participle meaning 'existing' or 'current'.
aucune: oh-KOON — Feminine form of 'aucun', meaning 'no' or 'none'.
loi: lwah — A law or rule established by authority.
la: lah — Definite article 'the' for feminine singular nouns.
nature: nah-TOOR — The natural world or innate character of things.
détermine: day-tehr-MEEN — Third-person form of 'déterminer', meaning 'determines'.
quel: kehl — Interrogative adjective meaning 'which' or 'what'.
juste: zhoost — Adjective meaning fair, just, or rightful.
héritier: ay-ree-TYAY — A singular heir who inherits from another person.
tous: too — Adjective or pronoun meaning 'all' or 'every'.
les: lay — Plural definite article meaning 'the'.
cas: kah — A case, situation, or instance under consideration.
pouvant: poo-VAHN — Present participle of 'pouvoir', meaning 'being able'.
survenir: soor-vuh-NEER — To occur unexpectedly or arise in a situation.
succession: sook-seh-SYOHN — The process of inheriting a title, position, or estate.
et: ay — Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or phrases.
conséquent: kohn-say-KAHN — Logical result; 'par conséquent' means 'consequently'.
celui: suh-LWEE — Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'the one' (masculine).
d': duh — Contracted preposition 'de' before a vowel sound.
exercer: ehg-zehr-SAY — To exercise, carry out, or exert power or rights.
pouvoir: poo-VWAR — Power or authority; also the verb 'to be able'.
aurait: oh-RAY — Conditional form of 'avoir', meaning 'would have'.
pu: poo — Past participle of 'pouvoir', meaning 'been able'.
être: EH-truh — Infinitive verb meaning 'to be'.
déterminé: day-tehr-mee-NAY — Past participle meaning 'determined' or 'established'.
avec: ah-VEHK — Preposition meaning 'with', indicating accompaniment.
certitude: sehr-tee-TOOD — Complete certainty or assurance about something.

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