Second Treatise of Government — Page 7
Every one, as he is bound to preserve himself, and not to quit his station wilfully, so by the like reason, when his own preservation comes not in competition, ought he, as much as he can, to preserve the rest of mankind, and may not, unless it be to do justice on an offender, take away, or impair the life, or what tends to the preservation of the life, the liberty, health, limb, or goods of another.
Ognuno, poiché è tenuto a preservare se stesso e a non abbandonare volontariamente la propria condizione, per la stessa ragione, quando la propria conservazione non è in gioco, deve, per quanto gli è possibile, preservare il resto dell'umanità, e non può, se non per rendere giustizia a un trasgressore, togliere o compromettere la vita, o ciò che tende alla preservazione della vita, la libertà, la salute, le membra o i beni altrui.
Sect. 7. And that all men may be restrained from invading others rights, and from doing hurt to one another, and the law of nature be observed, which willeth the peace and preservation of all mankind, the execution of the law of nature is, in that state, put into every man's hands, whereby every one has a right to punish the transgressors of that law to such a degree, as may hinder its violation: for the law of nature would, as all other laws that concern men in this world be in vain, if there were no body that in the state of nature had a power to execute that law, and thereby preserve the innocent and restrain offenders.
Sez. 7. E affinché tutti gli uomini possano essere trattenuti dall'invadere i diritti altrui e dal recare danno gli uni agli altri, e affinché sia osservata la legge di natura, che vuole la pace e la preservazione di tutta l'umanità, l'esecuzione della legge di natura è, in tale stato, posta nelle mani di ogni uomo, per cui ognuno ha il diritto di punire i trasgressori di quella legge fino al punto da impedirne la violazione: poiché la legge di natura sarebbe, come tutte le altre leggi che riguardano gli uomini in questo mondo, vana, se non vi fosse nessuno che nello stato di natura avesse il potere di eseguire quella legge, e di preservare così gli innocenti e di frenare i trasgressori.
Vocabulary
- Ognuno
- Everyone, each person without exception.
- poiché
- Because, since, for the reason that.
- tenuto
- Obliged, required, bound by duty.
- preservare
- To preserve, protect, or maintain safely.
- se
- If, conditional conjunction or reflexive pronoun.
- stesso
- Same, self, identical or very thing.
- non
- Not, negation particle used with verbs.
- abbandonare
- To abandon, forsake, or leave behind.
- volontariamente
- Voluntarily, willingly, by one's own choice.
- la
- The, feminine singular definite article.
- propria
- Own, belonging to oneself or itself.
- condizione
- Condition, state, or circumstance of being.
- per
- For, by, through, indicating purpose or cause.
- stessa
- Same, itself, identical feminine form.
- ragione
- Reason, cause, ground, or justification.
- quando
- When, at which time or moment.
- conservazione
- Conservation, preservation, or keeping something intact.
- in
- In, inside, within a place or time.
- gioco
- Game, play, or stakes in question.
- deve
- Must, has to, ought to necessarily.
- quanto
- How much, as much as possible.
- gli
- To him, indirect object pronoun masculine.
- possibile
- Possible, capable of being done.
- il
- The, masculine singular definite article.
- resto
- Rest, remainder, what is left.
- dell
- Of the, contracted form di+il.
- umanità
- Humanity, mankind, or human kindness shown.
- può
- Can, is able to, has capability.
- rendere
- To render, make, give, or return.
- giustizia
- Justice, fairness, or righteous judgment.
- un
- A, an, masculine singular indefinite article.
- trasgressore
- Transgressor, one who breaks laws.
- togliere
- To take away, remove, or subtract.
- compromettere
- To compromise, jeopardize, or put at risk.
- vita
- Life, existence, or way of living.
- ciò
- This, that which, or that thing.
- che
- Which, that, who, relative pronoun.
- tende
- Tends, aims, or is inclined toward.
- alla
- To the, feminine singular contraction.
- della
- Of the, feminine singular contraction.
- libertà
- Freedom, liberty, or state of independence.
- salute
- Health, well-being, or sound condition.
- le
- The, feminine plural definite article.
- membra
- Limbs, members, or body parts.
- beni
- Goods, possessions, wealth, or property.
- altrui
- Others', other people's, of another.
- affinché
- So that, in order that, to ensure.
- tutti
- All, everyone, each and every one.
- uomini
- Men, people, human beings plural.
- possano
- May, might, are able subjunctive.
- essere
- To be, exist, or have status.
- trattenuti
- Held back, restrained, or prevented.
- dall
- From the, contracted form da+il.
- invadere
- To invade, encroach, or trespass upon.
- diritti
- Rights, entitlements, or legal claims.
- dal
- From the, masculine singular contraction.
- recare
- To bring, carry, or cause harm.
- danno
- Harm, damage, injury, or loss.
- agli
- To the, masculine plural contraction.
- sia
- May be, let it be subjunctive.
- osservata
- Observed, kept, maintained, or followed.
- legge
- Law, rule, or principle of nature.
- di
- Of, from, indicating possession or origin.
- natura
- Nature, natural world, or inherent quality.
- vuole
- Wants, wishes, or demands peace.
- pace
- Peace, absence of conflict or war.
- tutta
- All, entire, the whole of.
- esecuzione
- Execution, carrying out, or implementation.
- tale
- Such, of that kind or nature.
- stato
- State, condition, or status of being.
- posta
- Put, placed, or set in position.
- nelle
- In the, feminine plural contraction.
- mani
- Hands, control, or keeping of.
- ogni
- Every, each, all without exception.
- uomo
- Man, human being, or person.
- cui
- Whom, which, relative pronoun.
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