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The Adventures of Roderick Random — Page 4

English → It Preface Level 8/10

Although nothing could be more ludicrous and unnatural than the figures they drew, they did not want patrons and admirers; and the world actually began to be infected with the spirit of knight-errantry, when Cervantes, by an inimitable piece of ridicule, reformed the taste of mankind, representing chivalry in the right point of view, and converting romance to purposes far more useful and entertaining, by making it assume the sock, and point out the follies of ordinary life.

Sebbene nulla potesse essere più ridicolo e innaturale delle figure che disegnavano, non mancavano di mecenati e ammiratori; e il mondo cominciò davvero a essere contagiato dallo spirito della cavalleria errante, quando Cervantes, con un'incomparabile opera di ridicolo, riformò il gusto dell'umanità, rappresentando la cavalleria dal giusto punto di vista, e convertendo il romanzo a scopi ben più utili e dilettevoli, facendogli indossare il socco e indicando le follie della vita ordinaria.

The same method has been practised by other Spanish and French authors, and by none more successfully than by Monsieur Le Sage, who, in his Adventures of Gil Blas, has described the knavery and foibles of life, with infinite humour and sagacity.

Lo stesso metodo è stato adottato da altri autori spagnoli e francesi, e da nessuno con maggior successo che dal signor Le Sage, il quale, nelle sue Avventure di Gil Blas, ha descritto le furfanterie e le debolezze della vita con infinita arguzia e sagacia.

The following sheets I have modelled on his plan, taking me liberty, however, to differ from him in the execution, where I thought his particular situations were uncommon, extravagant, or peculiar to the country in which the scene is laid.

Le pagine seguenti le ho modellate sul suo piano, prendendomi tuttavia la libertà di discostarmi da lui nell'esecuzione, laddove ritenevo che le sue particolari situazioni fossero insolite, stravaganti, o peculiari del paese in cui la scena è ambientata.

The disgraces of Gil Blas are, for the most part, such as rather excite mirth than compassion; he himself laughs at them; and his transitions from distress to happiness, or at least ease, are so sudden, that neither the reader has time to pity him, nor himself to be acquainted with affliction.

Le disgrazie di Gil Blas sono, per la maggior parte, di quelle che suscitano ilarità più che compassione; egli stesso ne ride; e le sue transizioni dalla sofferenza alla felicità, o almeno alla tranquillità, sono così improvvise che né il lettore ha il tempo di compatirlo, né egli stesso di fare la conoscenza dell'afflizione.

This conduct, in my opinion, not only deviates from probability, but prevents that generous indignation, which ought to animate the reader against the sordid and vicious disposition of the world.

Questo comportamento, a mio avviso, non solo si discosta dalla verosimiglianza, ma impedisce quella generosa indignazione che dovrebbe animare il lettore contro la sordida e viziosa disposizione del mondo.

Vocabulary

Sebbene
Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'
nulla
Nothing; not anything at all
potesse
Imperfect subjunctive of 'potere'; could, was able to
essere
To be; fundamental auxiliary and linking verb
più
More; also used to mean 'no longer' with negation
ridicolo
Ridiculous; deserving of mockery or laughter
innaturale
Unnatural; contrary to nature or normal behavior
figure
Figures; shapes, characters, or visual representations
disegnavano
They were drawing or depicting; imperfect tense of disegnare
mancavano
They lacked; were missing something; imperfect of mancare
mecenati
Patrons; wealthy supporters of artists or writers
ammiratori
Admirers; people who admire or appreciate someone
mondo
World; the earth or society in general
cominciò
He/she/it began; past tense of cominciare
davvero
Really, truly; used to emphasize a statement
contagiato
Infected, contaminated; spread like a disease
spirito
Spirit; the animating essence or attitude of something
cavalleria
Chivalry; the medieval knightly code of honor
errante
Wandering, errant; roaming without a fixed destination
quando
When; temporal conjunction or adverb
incomparabile
Incomparable; without equal, matchless in quality
opera
Work; a literary, artistic, or musical composition
riformò
He reformed; changed or improved something; past of riformare
gusto
Taste; aesthetic sensibility or preference
umanità
Humanity; humankind or the quality of being human
rappresentando
Representing, depicting; showing something in a certain way
giusto
Right, correct, just; proper or accurate
punto
Point; a specific location, moment, or perspective
vista
View, sight; perspective or visual outlook
convertendo
Converting, transforming; changing into something else
romanzo
Novel; a long work of prose fiction
scopi
Purposes, aims; goals or intended objectives
ben
Well; adverb emphasizing a quality or degree
utili
Useful; serving a practical purpose or benefit
dilettevoli
Delightful, entertaining; pleasing and enjoyable
facendogli
Making him do; combined gerund of fare with pronoun
indossare
To wear; to put on a garment or costume
indicando
Indicating, pointing out; showing or revealing something
follie
Follies, madnesses; foolish or absurd behaviors
vita
Life; existence or the way one lives
ordinaria
Ordinary, everyday; common and unremarkable
stesso
Same; identical or the very same thing
metodo
Method; a systematic way of doing something
stato
Been; past participle of essere, also means 'state'
adottato
Adopted; taken up or accepted as one's own
altri
Others; other people or additional individuals
autori
Authors; writers of books or other works
spagnoli
Spanish; relating to Spain or its people
francesi
French; relating to France or its people
nessuno
No one, nobody; not a single person
maggior
Greater, major; of higher degree or importance
successo
Success; a favorable or desired outcome
signor
Mr., sir; polite title for an adult man
quale
Which, who; relative pronoun or interrogative
Avventure
Adventures; exciting or unusual experiences or journeys
descritto
Described; past participle of descrivere, to describe
furfanterie
Rogueries, knaveries; tricks or dishonest behaviors
debolezze
Weaknesses; failings or lack of strength in character
infinita
Infinite, endless; without limits or very great in amount
arguzia
Wit, cleverness; sharp and insightful intelligence
sagacia
Sagacity; keen mental discernment and good judgment
pagine
Pages; leaves of a book or document
seguenti
Following; coming after in order or sequence
modellate
Modeled, shaped; formed according to a pattern
piano
Plan; a scheme or model to be followed
prendendomi
Taking for myself; reflexive gerund of prendere
tuttavia
Nevertheless, however; introduces a contrasting statement
libertà
Liberty, freedom; the right to act or choose freely
discostarmi
To distance myself; to deviate or differ from something
esecuzione
Execution; the carrying out or performance of something
laddove
Where, whereas; conjunction indicating place or contrast
ritenevo
I believed, considered; imperfect of ritenere
particolari
Particular, specific; details or specific circumstances
situazioni
Situations; sets of circumstances at a given moment
fossero
Were; imperfect subjunctive of essere
insolite
Unusual, uncommon; not ordinary or expected
stravaganti
Extravagant, bizarre; wildly unusual or eccentric
peculiari
Peculiar, distinctive; characteristic of a specific place
paese
Country, village; a nation or small town
cui
Which, whose, whom; relative pronoun used after prepositions
scena
Scene; the setting or stage of a narrative
ambientata
Set, situated; placed in a particular setting or environment
disgrazie
Misfortunes, mishaps; unfortunate events or calamities
parte
Part; a portion, role, or section of something
quelle
Those; feminine plural demonstrative pronoun or adjective
suscitano
They arouse, provoke; stir up emotions or reactions
ilarità
Hilarity; great amusement or cheerful laughter
compassione
Compassion; sympathy and concern for others' suffering
egli
He; formal third person masculine singular subject pronoun
ne
Of it/them; partitive pronoun replacing a quantity phrase
ride
He/she laughs; third person singular of ridere
transizioni
Transitions; passages or changes from one state to another
sofferenza
Suffering; pain or distress endured by a person
felicità
Happiness, felicity; a state of joy and contentment
almeno
At least; introducing a minimum condition or expectation
tranquillità
Tranquility; a state of calm and peacefulness
così
So, thus; in this way or to such a degree
improvvise
Sudden, unexpected; happening without warning or preparation
Neither, nor; negative conjunction linking two elements
lettore
Reader; a person who reads books or texts
tempo
Time; the ongoing sequence of events or a period
compatirlo
To pity him; to feel sympathy or compassion for him
fare
To do, make; fundamental and versatile Italian verb
conoscenza
Acquaintance, knowledge; familiarity gained through experience
afflizione
Affliction; great pain, distress, or suffering
Questo
This; masculine singular demonstrative pronoun or adjective
comportamento
Behavior, conduct; the way a person acts
avviso
Opinion, notice; a judgment or piece of advice
solo
Only, alone; just one or without others
discosta
Departs, deviates; moves away from a norm or standard
verosimiglianza
Verisimilitude; the appearance of being true or realistic
impedisce
Prevents, hinders; stops something from happening
quella
That; feminine singular demonstrative pronoun or adjective
generosa
Generous, noble; showing a noble or magnanimous spirit
indignazione
Indignation; strong displeasure at something unjust
dovrebbe
Should, ought to; conditional of dovere
animare
To animate, inspire; to give life or vigor to something
contro
Against; preposition indicating opposition or contrast
sordida
Sordid, squalid; morally dirty or shamefully base
viziosa
Vicious, depraved; morally corrupt or wicked
disposizione
Disposition; a person's inherent qualities of character
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