The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Complete — Page 3

Vocabulary

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me'.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the sentence topic.

私たち

watashitachi — First-person plural pronoun meaning 'we' or 'us'.

二人

futari — Two people; a pair or couple.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle connecting nouns.

ため

tame — For the sake of; because of; purpose or benefit.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose.

罪

tsumi — Sin, crime, or wrongdoing; moral or legal guilt.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.

苦しみ

kurushimi — Suffering, pain, or anguish; emotional or physical torment.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating the direct object.

積み重ねて

tsumikasanete — Accumulating or piling up repeatedly over time.

いる

iru — Auxiliary verb indicating ongoing or continuous action.

ん

n — Sentence-final particle adding explanation or emphasis.

だ

da — Copula meaning 'is' or 'it is'; plain form.

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle asserting or emphasizing information.

わかっ

wakatt- — Stem of 'wakaru'; to understand or know something.

てる

teru — Contracted form of 'te iru'; ongoing state or action.

あの

ano — Demonstrative meaning 'that' referring to something distant.

子

ko — Child; also used informally to refer to a person.

悪魔

akuma — Devil, demon, or evil spirit; a wicked being.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action, means, or cause.

いっぱい

ippai — Full of; a lot; filled to capacity with something.

けど

kedo — Conjunction meaning 'but' or 'although'; soft contrast.

まあ

maa — Interjection meaning 'well' or 'oh my'; softens statement.

何

nani — Question word meaning 'what'; used in various expressions.

亡くなっ

nakunatt- — Stem of 'nakunaru'; to pass away; to die (polite).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary indicating a completed action.

姉

ane — Older sister; one's own elder sister (plain form).

息子

musuko — Son; one's own male child.

な

na — Sentence-final particle expressing emotion or mild assertion.

かわいそう

kawaisou — Pitiful, poor, or deserving of sympathy; feeling sorry for.

どうして

doushite — Why; how; used to ask reason or cause.

も

mo — Particle meaning 'also', 'even', or 'too'.

気

ki — Spirit, feeling, mood, or inclination; mental energy.

なれ

nare — Potential/imperative stem of 'naru'; to become something.

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary meaning 'not'; negates verbs or adjectives.

許す

yurusu — To forgive, allow, or pardon someone's actions.

たび

tabi — Each time; whenever a certain event occurs.

良心

ryoushin — Conscience; one's inner moral sense of right and wrong.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle identifying the grammatical subject.

ひどく

hidoku — Severely, terribly, or badly; adverb from 'hidoi'.

痛む

itamu — To hurt, ache, or feel pain; to be damaged.

し

shi — Conjunction listing multiple reasons or adding 'and also'.

叩く

tataku — To hit, strike, or tap something with force.

この

kono — Demonstrative meaning 'this'; refers to nearby noun.

老い

oi — Old age; the process or state of growing old.

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, or spirit; inner emotional or mental state.

壊れ

koware — Stem of 'kowareru'; to break or fall apart.

そう

sou — Appears likely; seems like; used for conjecture or hearsay.

なる

naru — To become; to change state into something new.

聖書

seisho — The Bible; sacred Christian scripture.

ある

aru — To exist, be, or have (for inanimate things).

よう

you — As stated; as it is said; just like; resemblance.

女

onna — Woman or female; adult female person.

から

kara — From; because; particle indicating origin or reason.

生まれ

umare — Birth; to be born; origin or birthplace.

人間

ningen — Human being; mankind; a person as a species.

日

hi — Day; the sun; a single calendar day.

短く

mijikaku — Shortly; briefly; adverb form of 'short' (mijikai).

満ち

michi — Stem of 'michiru'; to be full of; to overflow.

て

te — Te-form connective particle linking verbs or clauses.

いう

iu — To say, tell, or be called; to express in words.

本当

hontou — Truth; reality; truly genuine or real.

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or matter; nominalizes verbs and clauses.

思う

omou — To think, feel, or believe something; personal opinion.

今日

kyou — Today; the current day.

午後

gogo — Afternoon; the period after noon (PM).

ずる休み

zuruyasumi — Playing hooky; skipping work or school dishonestly.

する

suru — To do; all-purpose verb for performing actions.

だろう

darou — Probably; I suppose; expresses conjecture or presumption.

罰

batsu — Punishment or penalty for wrongdoing or misbehavior.

として

toshite — As; in the capacity of; functioning as something.

明日

ashita — Tomorrow; the following day.

働か

hataraka — Stem of 'hataraku'; to work or labor.

せ

se — Causative stem causing someone to do something.

なけれ

nakere — Conditional negative stem; 'must' construction component.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.

なら

nara — Conditional meaning 'if that is the case; if so'.

みんな

minna — Everyone; all; everybody together as a group.

休ん

yasun- — Stem of 'yasumu'; to rest, take a break, or be absent.

土曜日

doyoubi — Saturday; the seventh day of the week.

せる

seru — Causative auxiliary verb making someone do something.

とても

totemo — Very, extremely; intensifying adverb for adjectives.

辛い

tsurai — Hard, painful, or tough; emotionally or physically difficult.

より

yori — Than; more than; comparative particle for comparisons.

仕事

shigoto — Work, job, or occupation; professional labor.

嫌い

kirai — Disliking; to hate or strongly dislike something.

対する

taisuru — Toward; in relation to; facing or regarding something.

義務

gimu — Duty, obligation, or responsibility one must fulfill.

果たさ

hatasa — Stem of 'hatasu'; to fulfill, accomplish, or carry out.

だめ

dame — No good; useless; not allowed; forbidden or hopeless.

して

shite — Te-form of 'suru'; doing; connects to next action.

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; completion with unintended nuance.

楽しい

tanoshii — Fun, enjoyable, or pleasant; feeling of happiness.

時間

jikan — Time; hours; a period or duration of time.

過ごし

sugoshi — Stem of 'sugosu'; to spend time or pass time.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun.

かろうじて

karoujite — Barely, narrowly, or just barely managing to do something.

夕食前

yuushokuzen — Before dinner; the time period preceding the evening meal.

間に合っ

maniat- — Stem of 'maniau'; to be in time; to make it.

帰宅

kitaku — Returning home; arriving back at one's residence.

小さな

chiisana — Small, little, or tiny; attributive form of small.

黒人

kokujin — Black person; person of African descent.

少年

shounen — Boy; young male person; youth.

翌日

yokujitsu — The following day; the next day after something.

薪

maki — Firewood; wood cut for burning in fire.

切り

kiri — Stem of 'kiru'; cutting; to cut something.

割る

waru — To split, break, or divide something into pieces.

手伝っ

tetsudatt- — Stem of 'tetsudau'; to help or assist someone.

少なくとも

sukunakutomo — At least; no fewer than a certain amount or degree.

四分

yonbun — A quarter; one fourth; four minutes (context-dependent).

三

san — The number three; third in sequence.

間

aida — Between; during; a span of time or space.

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self; reflexive pronoun.

話す

hanasu — To speak, talk, or tell; communicating verbally.

あっ

a — Interjection expressing sudden realization or surprise.

弟

otouto — Younger brother; one's own younger male sibling.

という

toiu — Called; known as; used to define or name something.

すでに

sudeni — Already; by now; having completed something beforehand.

拾う

hirou — To pick up; to collect something from the ground.

終え

oe — Stem of 'oeru'; to finish or complete a task.

い

i — Stem of 'iru'; being or existing (shortened form).

なぜなら

nazenara — Because; the reason being; introduces a causal explanation.

おとなしい

otonashii — Gentle, quiet, or well-behaved; meek in character.

厄介

yakkai — Troublesome, bothersome, or burdensome; causing difficulty.

行動

koudou — Action, behavior, or conduct; what someone does.

無縁

muen — Unrelated to; having no connection with something.

だっ

datt- — Past tense stem of copula 'da'; was or were.