The Brothers Karamazov — Page 6

Vocabulary

ある

aru — A certain; to exist; used attributively for indefinite reference

話

hanashi — Story, talk, conversation, or account

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or purpose

よれ

yore — Conditional form of yoru; according to, based on

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when

彼女

kanojo — She, her; also used to mean girlfriend

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject of discussion

屋根裏部屋

yaneura beya — Attic room; a room directly under the roof

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means

チフス

chifusu — Typhus or typhoid fever, a serious infectious disease

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns

ため

tame — Because of, for the sake of, due to a cause

また

mata — Also, again, or furthermore; adds another point

飢え

ue — Hunger, starvation; extreme lack of food

非常

hijō — Extremely, very; unusual or extraordinary degree

突然

totsuzen — Suddenly, all at once, without warning

死ん

shinn — Died; conjunctive form of shinu (to die)

だ

da — Copula meaning is/are; plain-form assertion ending

と

to — Quotation particle; also means and or with

いう

iu — To say, to be called, to be referred to as

こと

koto — Thing, fact, matter; nominalizer for verb phrases

あっ

a(tt) — Past stem of aru; there was/were, it existed

た

ta — Past-tense auxiliary indicating completed action

妻

tsuma — Wife; one's own spouse (female)

死

shi — Death; the end of life

を

o — Object-marking particle indicating direct object

聞い

kii — Heard; conjunctive form of kiku (to hear/ask)

とき

toki — Time, moment, when a particular event occurs

酔っ

yo(tt) — Drunk, intoxicated; conjunctive form of you

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or concurrent actions

い

i — Stem of iru; to be, to exist (animate)

が

ga — Subject-marking particle; also means but/however

彼

kare — He, him; third-person male pronoun

通り

tōri — Street, road; also means as per, in accordance with

へ

e — Directional particle meaning toward or to

飛び出し

tobidashi — Burst out, rushed out suddenly into a place

両手

ryōte — Both hands; using the left and right hand together

天

ten — Heaven, sky; the heavens above

向け

muke — Turned toward, directed at; aimed in a direction

喜び

yorokobi — Joy, delight, happiness, gladness

叫び

sakebi — Shout, cry, exclamation; the act of shouting

上げ

age — Raised up; auxiliary indicating completion or doing for another

主

shu — Lord, master; used in religious address to God

よ

yo — Sentence-final particle for assertion or address

今

ima — Now, at this moment, currently

こそ

koso — Emphatic particle meaning precisely, indeed, certainly

あなた

anata — You; second-person pronoun, also used for spouse

しもべ

shimobe — Servant, manservant; one who serves a master humbly

安らか

yasuraka — Peaceful, tranquil, calm, restful

去ら

sara — Depart, leave; stem form of saru (to go away)

せ

se — Causative auxiliary stem; let or make someone do

くださいます

kudasaimasu — Polite form of kudasaru; please grant or bestow

しかし

shikashi — However, but; conjunction indicating contrast or reversal

一方

ippō — On the other hand; one side or direction

幼い

osanai — Young, infantile, childish; of very young age

子供

kodomo — Child, children; young person not yet an adult

よう

yō — Manner, appearance; seems like, looks as if

際限

saigen — Limit, bound; usually used as saigen naku (limitlessly)

なく

naku — Without; conjunctive negative form used adverbially

泣い

nai — Cried, wept; conjunctive form of naku (to cry)

言う

iu — To say, speak, tell; express in words

者

mono — Person, individual; one who does a certain thing

も

mo — Also, too, even; inclusive or additive particle

あり

ari — There is/are; conjunctive form of aru (to exist)

その

sono — That (near the listener); demonstrative modifier

様子

yōsu — Appearance, state, manner; how something looks or seems

あまり

amari — Too much, excessively; so much that a result follows

哀れ

aware — Pitiful, pathetic, sad; evoking sympathy or sorrow

人々

hitobito — People, folks; plural of hito (person)

与え

atae — Gave, provided; conjunctive form of ataeru (to give)

嫌悪感

ken'okan — Feeling of disgust, aversion, or strong dislike

かかわら

kakawara — Regardless of; stem used in ni mo kakawarazu

ず

zu — Negative conjunctive auxiliary; without doing something

気

ki — Spirit, feeling, mind; used in many compounds

毒

doku — Poison; also used in ki no doku (pitiable)

思っ

omo(tt) — Thought, felt; conjunctive form of omou (to think)

両方

ryōhō — Both sides, both parties, both of two things

真実

shinjitsu — Truth, reality; what is genuinely true or factual

可能性

kanōsei — Possibility, probability, potential for something to occur

十分

jūbun — Sufficient, enough, fully, adequately

すなわち

sunawachi — That is to say, namely, in other words

自分

jibun — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the self

解放

kaihō — Liberation, release, freedom from constraint or burden

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives; also casual sentence particle

れ

re — Passive/potential auxiliary stem; being done to someone

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneous action conjunction

同時

dōji — Same time, simultaneously, at the same moment

し

shi — Conjunctive form of suru; also lists reasons

くれ

kure — Give (to me/us); imperative of kureru

かも

kamo — Maybe, might; used in kamoshirenai (may be)

しれ

shire — Know; potential stem used in kamoshirenai construction

ない

nai — Not exist; negative auxiliary for verbs and adjectives

一般的

ippanteki — General, common, typical; applicable to most cases

言っ

i(tt) — Said; conjunctive past form of iu (to say)

人間

ningen — Human being, person; humankind in general

もの

mono — Thing; nominalizer implying natural expectation or reason

悪人

akunin — Villain, bad person, evildoer, wicked individual

さえ

sae — Even; emphatic particle meaning even in extreme cases

私

watashi — I, me; first-person singular pronoun

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people; we/they when attached to pronouns

思う

omou — To think, feel, believe, consider something

より

yori — Than; comparative particle for degree or preference

ずっと

zutto — Much more, far; continuously or by a large degree

素朴

soboku — Simple, naive, unsophisticated, plain and natural

純粋

junsui — Pure, genuine, innocent; unmixed and sincere in nature

な

na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjectives to nouns

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, spirit; one's inner feelings and soul

持っ

mo(tt) — Held, had; conjunctive form of motsu (to have)

いる

iru — To be, to exist; used for animate beings

そして

soshite — And then, and also; conjunction adding further information

自身

jishin — Oneself, personally; emphatic reflexive pronoun

そう

sō — So, that way; agreement or resemblance to something