The Confessions of St. Augustine — Page 11

Vocabulary

Io

First person singular pronoun meaning 'I'

stesso

Same; self; used for emphasis or identity

ho

First person singular present of 'avere', meaning 'I have'

visto

Past participle of 'vedere', meaning 'seen'

e

Conjunction meaning 'and', linking words or clauses

conosciuto

Past participle of 'conoscere', meaning 'known' or 'met'

un

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (masculine)

bambino

Young male child; a boy or infant

invidioso

Envious; feeling or showing jealousy toward others

non

Negation adverb meaning 'not'

sapeva

Third person singular imperfect of 'sapere', meaning 'knew'

ancora

Still; yet; again; not yet in negative contexts

parlare

Infinitive verb meaning 'to speak' or 'to talk'

eppure

Conjunction meaning 'and yet' or 'nevertheless'

impallidiva

Imperfect of 'impallidire'; was turning pale with emotion

guardava

Imperfect of 'guardare'; was looking at or watching

con

Preposition meaning 'with', indicating accompaniment or manner

amarezza

Bitterness; a feeling of resentment or sorrow

il

Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular)

suo

Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'

fratello

Brother; a male sibling in a family

di

Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'by'

latte

Milk; the white liquid produced by mammals

Chi

Interrogative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'whoever'

lo

Third person masculine singular direct object pronoun 'him/it'

sa

Third person singular present of 'sapere', meaning 'knows'

Le

Definite article 'the' (feminine plural) or indirect pronoun

madri

Plural of 'madre'; mothers, female parents

le

Feminine plural definite article or direct object pronoun 'them'

nutrici

Plural of 'nutrice'; wet nurses who breastfeed infants

vi

Reflexive or indirect pronoun meaning 'you' or 'there'

dicono

Third person plural present of 'dire', meaning 'they say'

che

Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that', 'which', or 'who'

placano

Third person plural of 'placare'; they calm or appease

queste

Demonstrative adjective/pronoun meaning 'these' (feminine plural)

cose

Plural of 'cosa'; things, objects, or matters

so

First person singular present of 'sapere', meaning 'I know'

quali

Interrogative or relative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'what'

rimedi

Plural of 'rimedio'; remedies, cures, or solutions

È

Third person singular present of 'essere', meaning 'is'

forse

Adverb meaning 'perhaps', 'maybe', expressing uncertainty

questa

Demonstrative adjective/pronoun meaning 'this' (feminine singular)

innocenza

Innocence; state of being free from guilt or sin

quando

Conjunction or adverb meaning 'when' in time clauses

la

Feminine singular definite article meaning 'the'

fonte

Source, spring, or fountain; origin of something

del

Contraction of 'di' and 'il', meaning 'of the'

scorre

Third person singular of 'scorrere'; flows or runs freely

in

Preposition meaning 'in', 'into', or 'at'

ricca

Feminine form of 'ricco'; rich, abundant, or plentiful

abbondanza

Abundance; a very large quantity of something

tollerare

To tolerate; to endure or allow something without objecting

qualcuno

Indefinite pronoun meaning 'someone' or 'anybody'

ne

Pronoun meaning 'of it', 'of them', or 'from there'

partecipi

Subjunctive of 'partecipare'; that one participates or shares

pur

Shortened form of 'pure'; even, although, yet

nel

Contraction of 'in' and 'il', meaning 'in the'

bisogno

Need, necessity; a state of lacking something essential

estremo

Extreme; greatest in degree, at the furthest limit

dalla

Contraction of 'da' and 'la', meaning 'from the'

quale

Relative or interrogative pronoun meaning 'which' or 'who'

dipende

Third person singular of 'dipendere'; depends on something

sua

Feminine possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', 'its'

stessa

Feminine form of 'stesso'; same, herself, itself

vita

Life; the condition that distinguishes living organisms

Sopportiamo

First person plural of 'sopportare'; we endure or bear

indulgenza

Indulgence; leniency or tolerance toward faults

tutto

Adjective or pronoun meaning 'all', 'everything', 'whole'

ciò

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this', 'that', or 'it'

perché

Conjunction meaning 'because'; also interrogative 'why'

si

Reflexive pronoun meaning 'oneself', 'himself', 'herself'

tratti

Subjunctive of 'trattarsi'; it may concern or involve

mali

Plural of 'male'; evils, wrongs, or illnesses

inesistenti

Plural adjective meaning 'nonexistent' or 'not real'

o

Conjunction meaning 'or', presenting an alternative choice

lievi

Plural of 'lieve'; slight, mild, or insignificant

ma

Conjunction meaning 'but', introducing a contrast

spariranno

Future tense of 'sparire'; they will disappear or vanish

crescere

To grow; to increase in size, age, or development

degli

Contraction of 'di' and 'gli', meaning 'of the' (plural)

anni

Plural of 'anno'; years, units of time

poiché

Conjunction meaning 'since' or 'because', giving a reason

sebbene

Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'

tollerati

Past participle plural of 'tollerare'; tolerated or endured

ora

Now; at this moment; also meaning 'hour'

quegli

Demonstrative adjective meaning 'those' (masculine plural)

stessi

Plural of 'stesso'; same, the very same ones

temperamenti

Plural of 'temperamento'; temperaments, characters, or dispositions

sono

Third person plural of 'essere'; they are; also 'I am'

intollerabili

Plural adjective meaning 'intolerable' or 'unbearable'

riscontrano

Third person plural of 'riscontrare'; they find or encounter

più

Adverb meaning 'more' or 'most'; used in comparisons

maturi

Plural of 'maturo'; mature, ripe, or fully developed

Tu

Second person singular pronoun meaning 'you' (informal)

dunque

Conjunction or adverb meaning 'therefore', 'so', or 'then'

Signore

Lord; also a polite title meaning 'Sir' or 'Mister'

mio

Masculine possessive adjective meaning 'my'

Dio

God; the supreme divine being in monotheistic religion

hai

Second person singular present of 'avere', meaning 'you have'

a

Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'

mia

Feminine possessive adjective meaning 'my'

infanzia

Infancy or childhood; the early period of life

dotando

Gerund of 'dotare'; equipping or endowing with qualities

così

Adverb meaning 'so', 'thus', or 'in this way'

sensi

Plural of 'senso'; senses, meanings, or feelings

come

Conjunction or adverb meaning 'as', 'like', or 'how'

vediamo

First person plural present of 'vedere'; we see

corpo

Body; the physical structure of a human or animal

formato

Past participle of 'formare'; formed, shaped, or created

compattandone

Gerund of 'compattare' with enclitic; compacting its parts together

membra

Plural of 'membro'; limbs or members of the body

adornandone

Gerund of 'adornare' with enclitic; adorning or decorating its parts

proporzioni

Plural of 'proporzione'; proportions, ratios, or relative dimensions

per

Preposition meaning 'for', 'through', or 'in order to'

bene

Good; well; benefit or welfare of someone

generale

General; relating to the whole rather than specifics

sicurezza

Safety, security; a state of being protected from harm

impiantando

Gerund of 'impiantare'; implanting or installing within something

esso

Third person singular pronoun meaning 'it' (neutral reference)

tutte

Feminine plural of 'tutto'; all, every one of them

funzioni

Plural of 'funzione'; functions, roles, or operations

vitali

Plural of 'vitale'; vital, essential to life

mi

First person singular reflexive or object pronoun 'me/myself'

comandi

Subjunctive/imperative of 'comandare'; you command or order

lodarTi

Infinitive 'lodare' plus enclitic 'Ti'; to praise You (God)

confessarmi

Infinitive 'confessare' plus 'mi'; to confess myself to You

Te

Stressed form of second person pronoun meaning 'You'

cantare

To sing; to produce musical sounds with the voice

al

Contraction of 'a' and 'il', meaning 'to the'

Tuo

Masculine possessive adjective meaning 'Your' (formal/divine)

nome

Name; the word by which someone or something is known

sei

Second person singular present of 'essere'; you are

l'

Elided form of definite article 'lo' or 'la' before vowels

Altissimo

The Most High; a title for God meaning supremely exalted

Poiché

Conjunction meaning 'since' or 'because', introducing a reason

Onnipotente

Omnipotent; all-powerful, having unlimited power

Buono

Good; having positive moral or practical qualities

anche

Adverb meaning 'also', 'even', or 'too'

se

Conjunction meaning 'if', introducing a conditional clause

avessi

Imperfect subjunctive of 'avere'; if I had

fatto

Past participle of 'fare'; done, made, or accomplished

altro

Other, another, else; something or someone different

questo

Demonstrative adjective/pronoun meaning 'this' (masculine singular)

solo

Only, alone, just; without others; solitary

nessuno

Nobody, no one; not any person or thing

avrebbe

Third person singular conditional of 'avere'; would have

potuto

Past participle of 'potere'; been able to, could have

fare

To do; to make; a very common versatile Italian verb

cui

Relative pronoun meaning 'whose', 'of which', 'whom'

Unità

Unity; the state of being united or forming a whole

è

Third person singular present of 'essere', meaning 'is'

modello

Model, pattern, example; something used as a template

Tua

Feminine possessive adjective meaning 'Your' (formal/divine)

bellezza

Beauty; the quality of being pleasing to the senses

rendi

Second person singular of 'rendere'; you make or render

belle

Feminine plural of 'bello'; beautiful, lovely, attractive

ordini

Orders, commands; also plural of 'ordine' meaning arrangements

secondo

According to; preposition or adjective meaning 'second'

legge

Law; a rule established by authority; also 'reads'