The Count of Monte Cristo — Page 7

Vocabulary

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject of sentence.

一、二歩

ichi, ni ho — One or two steps, a short distance moved.

後退

kōtai — Retreat or step backward, moving away from something.

した。

shita — Past tense of 'suru'; did, performed an action.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object.

立ち寄っ

tachiyori — Stop by or visit a place briefly along the way.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb marker in Japanese.

理由

riyū — Reason or cause behind an action or event.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object of verb.

伺い

ukagai — Humbly ask or inquire; polite form of asking.

たい

tai — Auxiliary expressing desire or wish to do something.

の

no — Nominalizer or possessive particle in Japanese grammar.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is,' 'am,' or 'are.'

が

ga — Subject marker or conjunctive particle meaning 'but.'

わかり

wakari — Stem of 'wakaru'; to understand or comprehend something.

ませ

mase — Polite verb ending component used in formal speech.

ん

n — Negative or explanatory sentence-ending particle.

船長。

senchō — Ship captain; the commander of a vessel.

艦長

kanchō — Naval ship commander; captain of a warship.

最後

saigo — Last or final; the very end of something.

命令

meirei — Order or command given by someone in authority.

果たす

hatasu — To accomplish or fulfill a duty or mission.

ため

tame — For the sake of; in order to do something.

でし

deshi — Polite past tense copula component; was or were.

た。

ta — Past tense sentence-ending marker in Japanese.

死に際

shinigiwa — At the moment of death; on the verge of dying.

元帥

gensui — Marshal or field marshal; highest military rank.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'to' or 'toward.'

書類

shorui — Documents or paperwork; official written materials.

私

watashi — First-person pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me.'

渡さ

watasa — Stem of 'watasu'; to hand over or deliver something.

れ

re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb form in Japanese.

です。」

desu — Polite sentence-ending copula closing a quoted statement.

それ

sore — That; a demonstrative pronoun referring to something.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or reason.

会っ

ai — Stem of 'au'; to meet or encounter someone.

か

ka — Question particle placed at the end of a sentence.

ね

ne — Sentence-ending particle seeking agreement or confirmation.

誰

dare — Who; interrogative pronoun asking about a person.

だ

da — Plain form copula meaning 'is,' 'am,' or 'are.'

よ。」

yo — Sentence-ending particle asserting or emphasizing information.

はい。」

hai — Yes; affirmative response in Japanese.

辺り

atari — Around or nearby; the surrounding area or vicinity.

見回し

miwawashi — Looking around; scanning one's surroundings carefully.

から

kara — From or because; indicates starting point or reason.

脇

waki — Side; the area beside someone or something.

引き寄せ

hikiyose — Drawing closer; pulling someone or something near.

突然

totsuzen — Suddenly; happening unexpectedly without prior notice.

言っ

ii — Stem of 'iu'; to say or speak something.

皇帝

kōtei — Emperor; ruler of an empire, here Napoleon.

陛下

heika — Your Majesty; honorific title for an emperor or monarch.

ご

go — Honorific prefix added to nouns for politeness.

壮健

sōken — Robust good health; being physically strong and well.

拝見

haiken — Humbly looking or viewing; polite form of seeing.

し

shi — Conjunctive form of 'suru'; connects clauses together.

限り

kagiri — As far as; to the extent of one's knowledge.

大変

taihen — Very; extremely or greatly, indicating high degree.

お

o — Honorific prefix used before nouns or verb stems.

元気

genki — Good health or energy; feeling well and lively.

そう

sō — Seems like; indicates an appearance or impression.

た。」

ta — Past tense ending closing a quoted statement.

そこ

soko — There; demonstrative referring to that place nearby.

いる

iru — To be or exist; used for animate beings.

間

aida / ma — While; during a period of time or space between.

部屋

heya — Room; an enclosed space within a building.

入り

iri — Entering; going or coming into a place.

なっ

na — Stem of 'naru'; to become or turn into something.

そし

soshi — Beginning of 'soshite'; and then, connecting events sequentially.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting verbs or clauses.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and,' 'with,' or quotation marker.

話し

hanashi — Talking or speaking; stem of 'hanasu.'

いえ

ie — No; or rather, a mild correction of prior statement.

話しかけ

hanashikake — Addressing or speaking to someone; initiating conversation.

こ

ko — Here used as part of a passive construction or pronoun.

られ

rare — Passive or potential auxiliary form in Japanese verbs.

方

kata — Person; polite word referring to someone respectfully.

です」

desu — Polite copula ending a quoted or stated sentence.

微笑み

hohoemi — A smile; a gentle, soft facial expression of warmth.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneous action conjunction in Japanese.

何

nani / nan — What; interrogative pronoun asking about something.

おっしゃっ

osshya — Honorific form of 'to say'; respectfully said or stated.

船

fune — Ship or boat; a watercraft used for travel.

こと

koto — Thing or matter; nominalizer for verbs and clauses.

出港

shukkō — Departure from port; a ship leaving the harbor.

時刻

jikoku — Time; a specific point or moment on the clock.

航路

kōro — Sea route or shipping lane; path taken by ships.

積み荷

tsumini — Cargo or freight; goods loaded onto a ship.

ついて

tsuite — About or concerning; regarding a particular topic.

質問

shitsumon — Question; an inquiry directed at someone for information.

さ

sa — Casual sentence-ending particle or verb passive stem.

まし

mashi — Polite auxiliary verb component used in past tense.

もし

moshi — If; conditional conjunction introducing a hypothetical situation.

なく

naku — Without; negative conjunctive form of 'nai.'

船長

senchō — Ship captain; the commander responsible for a vessel.

あっ

a — Interjection expressing surprise or realization; 'ah!'

なら

nara — If; conditional particle expressing a hypothetical condition.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective modifying a noun nearby.

買い取ら

Stem of 'kaitorau'; to buy or purchase something outright.

でしょ

deshō — Probably or likely; polite conjecture or supposition.

う。

u — Volitional ending expressing intention or probability.

しかし

shikashi — However or but; adversative conjunction contrasting ideas.

自分

jibun — Oneself; reflexive pronoun referring to the speaker.

ただ

tada — Merely or only; emphasizing a limited or humble status.

航海士

kōkaishi — Navigator or mate; officer responsible for ship navigation.

過ぎ

sugi — Too much or just; exceeding a limit or boundary.

ず

zu — Negative conjunctive form; without doing something.

商会

shōkai — Trading company or firm; a commercial business entity.

もの

mono — Thing or person; also softens assertions in speech.

申し上げ

mōshiage — Humbly say or report; very polite form of speaking.

ああ

ā — Ah or oh; interjection expressing realization or understanding.

か』

ka — Question particle closing an inner quoted question.

おっしゃい

osshai — Honorific imperative of 'to say'; please say or speak.

知っ

shitte — Stem of 'shiru'; to know or be aware of something.

おる

oru — Dialectal or humble form of 'iru'; to be, exist.

よ。

yo — Assertive sentence-ending particle emphasizing a statement.

家

ie / ke — House, home, or family household lineage.

代々

daidai — Generation after generation; passed down through generations.

船主

senshu — Shipowner; a person who owns a ship or fleet.

務め

tsutome — Duty or service; fulfilling a role or responsibility.

駐屯

chūton — Garrison or stationing of troops at a location.

い

i — Stem of 'iru'; to be, exist for animate subjects.

頃

koro — Around that time; an approximate period or moment.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical or equal to something else.

連隊

rentai — Regiment; a military unit composed of several battalions.

いう

iu — To say or call; also used to describe or name.

者

mono — Person or individual; someone possessing a certain quality.

だ』

da — Plain copula closing an inner quoted statement.

と。」

to — Quotation particle closing a reported speech segment.

まったく

mattaku — Completely or utterly; used for emphasis or exclamation.

本当

hontō — True or real; expressing that something is genuine.

大いに

ōini — Greatly or heartily; to a very large degree.

喜ん

yorokon — Stem of 'yorokobu'; feeling joy or delight about something.

叫ん

sakеbon — Stem of 'sakebu'; to shout or cry out loudly.

だ。

da — Plain past or present copula ending a sentence.