The divine comedy — Page 1

Vocabulary

Nun

Now; used to indicate a current moment or transition

schied

Departed, parted; past tense of 'scheiden'

der

The; definite article, masculine or genitive

Tag

Day; a period of twenty-four hours

dahin

Away, gone; indicating departure or passing

und

And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

die

The; definite article, feminine or plural

Luft

Air; the gaseous mixture surrounding the Earth

Von

From, of, by; preposition indicating origin or cause

Schatten

Shadow, shade; dark area caused by blocked light

gebräunt

Tanned, browned; made darker by sun or heat

von

From, of; preposition indicating origin or relationship

ihrer

Their, her; possessive pronoun in dative or genitive

Mühe

Effort, toil; hard work or laborious exertion

befreit

Freed, liberated; released from burden or constraint

Alle

All, every; referring to the entirety of a group

Geschöpfe

Creatures; living beings created by a higher power

auf

On, upon, up; preposition indicating position or direction

Erden

Earth; the world or ground, archaic genitive form

ich

I; first-person singular personal pronoun

allein

Alone, only; without others or by oneself

Bereitete

Prepared; past tense of 'bereiten', to make ready

mich

Me; first-person singular accusative pronoun

den

The; definite article in accusative masculine form

Kampf

Fight, struggle; a conflict or difficult challenge

zu

To, too; preposition or infinitive particle

bestehen

To endure, pass, withstand; to successfully face a challenge

Sowohl

Both, as well as; used in correlative constructions

des

Of the; definite article in genitive masculine or neuter

traurigen

Sad, sorrowful; adjective in inflected form

Mitleids

Pity, compassion; sympathy felt for another's suffering

als

As, than; conjunction used in comparisons or clauses

auch

Also, too; indicating addition or emphasis

jenes

That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

gefährlichen

Dangerous; adjective describing something hazardous or risky

Weges

Way, path; genitive form of 'Weg', a route or road

Den

The; accusative definite article, masculine singular

mein

My; first-person singular possessive adjective

unfehlbares

Infallible, unerring; incapable of making mistakes

Gedächtnis

Memory; the faculty of recalling past events

wieder

Again; indicating repetition of an action

durchschreiten

To stride through; to walk across or traverse

soll

Shall, is supposed to; modal verb of obligation

Musen

Muses; goddesses inspiring art, poetry, and knowledge

hoher

High, lofty; adjective in inflected form

Geist

Spirit, mind, intellect; a guiding or inspiring force

gewähret

Grant, bestow; archaic imperative of 'gewähren'

nun

Now, then; indicating the present or a transition

Eure

Your; second-person plural possessive pronoun

Hilfe

Help, assistance; support given to someone in need

du

You; second-person singular personal pronoun

alles

Everything, all; referring to the totality of things

was

What, that which; relative or interrogative pronoun

sah

Saw; past tense of 'sehen', to see

bewahrt

Preserved, kept; past participle of 'bewahren'

hast

Have; second-person singular of 'haben'

Sicher

Safely, securely; in a reliable or protected manner

in

In, within; preposition indicating location or inclusion

einer

A, one; indefinite article in dative feminine form

niedergeschriebenen

Written down; recorded in text, adjective in inflected form

Aufzeichnung

Record, notation; a written or documented account

hier

Here; indicating this place or location

erweise

Prove, show; subjunctive of 'erweisen', to demonstrate

sich

Itself, oneself; reflexive pronoun for third person

dein

Your; second-person singular possessive adjective

Wert

Worth, value; the importance or merit of something

Und

And; conjunction connecting words or clauses

deine

Your; second-person singular possessive adjective, feminine

hohen

High, lofty; adjective in inflected dative or accusative form

Gaben

Gifts, talents; abilities or presents bestowed on someone

kommen

Come; to move toward or arrive at a place

zur

To the; contraction of 'zu der', dative feminine

Bewährung

Proving, probation; demonstrating one's worth or quality

So

So, thus; indicating manner or introducing a statement

begann

Began; past tense of 'beginnen', to start

Dichter

Poet; a person who writes poetry or verse

Führer

Guide, leader; one who leads or directs others

bist

Are; second-person singular of 'sein', to be

Bedenke

Consider, reflect; imperative of 'bedenken', to think over

wohl

Well, indeed; particle expressing certainty or moderation

ob

Whether; conjunction introducing an indirect question

Kraft

Strength, power; physical or mental force or energy

genug

Enough; a sufficient quantity or degree

mir

Me, to me; first-person singular dative pronoun

ist

Is; third-person singular of 'sein', to be

Hinreichend

Sufficient, adequate; enough to meet a requirement

bevor

Before; conjunction indicating something occurs earlier

diesem

This; demonstrative pronoun in dative masculine or neuter

Unternehmen

Undertaking, enterprise; a task or venture attempted

Anvertraust

Entrust; second-person singular of 'anvertrauen'

Du

You; second-person singular personal pronoun

erzählt

Told, narrated; past participle of 'erzählen'

dass

That; subordinating conjunction introducing a clause

Vater

Father; a male parent or paternal figure

Noch

Still, yet; indicating continuation or addition

im

In the; contraction of 'in dem', dative masculine/neuter

vergänglichen

Transient, mortal; subject to decay and passing away

Fleisch

Flesh, meat; the physical body or animal tissue

gekleidet

Clothed, dressed; past participle of 'kleiden'

unter

Under, among; preposition indicating position or inclusion

unsterblichen

Immortal; not subject to death, adjective inflected form

Scharen

Hosts, throngs; large groups or multitudes of beings

Einlass

Admission, entry; permission or access to enter

fand

Found; past tense of 'finden', to find or discover

dort

There; referring to a distant place or location

Leibhaftig

In person, bodily; physically present in the flesh

zugegen

Present, in attendance; being there at a location

war

Was; past tense of 'sein', to be

Doch

Yet, however; conjunction expressing contrast or emphasis

wenn

When, if; conjunction introducing a conditional clause

Himmels

Heaven's, sky's; genitive of 'Himmel'

großer

Great, large; adjective in inflected nominative form

Herr

Lord, master, sir; a title of authority or respect

Der

The; definite article in nominative masculine singular

allmächtige

Almighty, omnipotent; possessing unlimited power

Feind

Enemy, foe; an adversary or hostile opponent

Bösen

Evil, wickedness; the evil one or malevolent force

solche

Such; demonstrative adjective indicating a kind or degree

Gunst

Favor, grace; goodwill or benevolent support

erwies

Showed, granted; past tense of 'erweisen'

In

In; preposition indicating location, time, or manner

Betrachtung

Consideration, contemplation; thoughtful examination of something

Wirkung

Effect, impact; the result or consequence of an action

Was

What; interrogative or relative pronoun

wer

Who; interrogative or relative pronoun for persons

aus

From, out of; preposition indicating origin or exit

ihm

Him, it; third-person singular dative pronoun

hervorgehen

To emerge, result from; to come forth or originate

sollte

Should, was supposed to; past subjunctive of 'sollen'

scheint

Seems, appears; third-person singular of 'scheinen'

es

It; third-person singular neuter personal pronoun

Urteil

Judgment, verdict; a decision or assessment made

Vernunft

Reason, rationality; the faculty of logical thought

verdient

Deserved, merited; past participle of 'verdienen'

Da

Since, there, then; conjunction or adverb of place/time

er

He; third-person singular masculine personal pronoun

für

For; preposition indicating purpose or beneficiary

weites

Wide, vast; adjective describing great expanse

Reich

Empire, realm, kingdom; a domain ruled by a sovereign

Höhe

Height, elevation; the distance above a surface

zum

To the; contraction of 'zu dem', dative masculine/neuter

Stammvater

Forefather, patriarch; the founding ancestor of a lineage

Beides

Both; referring to two things together

Wahrheit

Truth; that which conforms to reality or fact

gesprochen

Spoken; past participle of 'sprechen', to speak

wird

Will, becomes; third-person singular of 'werden'

bestimmt

Determined, certain; designated for a purpose

gegründet

Founded, established; past participle of 'gründen'

heiligen

Holy, sacred; adjective in inflected dative form

Ort

Place, location; a specific spot or position

wo

Where; relative or interrogative adverb of place

sitzt

Sits, resides; third-person singular of 'sitzen'

Wer

Who; interrogative or relative pronoun for persons

dem

The; definite article in dative masculine or neuter

Stuhl

Chair, throne, seat; a piece of furniture to sit on

großen

Great, large; adjective in inflected dative or genitive form

nachfolgt

Succeeds, follows; third-person singular of 'nachfolgen'

Er

He; third-person singular masculine personal pronoun

erlangte

Attained, gained; past tense of 'erlangen'

dieser

This; demonstrative adjective in dative feminine form

Reise

Journey, trip; travel from one place to another

deinem

Your; second-person singular possessive in dative form

Gesang

Song, singing; vocal music or a sung composition

gerühmt

Praised, glorified; past participle of 'rühmen'

Dinge

Things; plural of 'Ding', objects or matters

seinem

His, its; third-person possessive in dative form

Sieg

Victory, triumph; a successful outcome in a contest

Anlass

Occasion, cause, reason; a motivation or triggering event

gaben

Gave; past tense plural of 'geben', to give

päpstlichen

Papal; relating to the Pope, adjective inflected form

Gewand

Garment, robe; a piece of clothing, often ceremonial

späteren

Later, subsequent; adjective in inflected dative form

Zeiten

Times, ages; plural of 'Zeit', periods of time

Reiste

Traveled; past tense of 'reisen', to journey

das

The; definite article, neuter nominative or accusative

auserwählte

Chosen, elect; selected for a special purpose

Gefäß

Vessel, container; a receptacle; also used figuratively

dorthin

There, thither; toward that place or destination

Um

In order to, around; preposition or conjunction of purpose

uns

Us; first-person plural accusative or dative pronoun

Gewissheit

Certainty, assurance; the state of being sure

jenem

That; demonstrative pronoun in dative form

Glauben

Faith, belief; trust or religious conviction

zurückzubringen

To bring back; to return something to its origin

Eingang

Entrance, entry; the way into a place

Weg

Way, path, road; a route leading somewhere

Heils

Salvation's; genitive of 'Heil', salvation or well-being

warum

Why; interrogative adverb asking for a reason

erdreisten

To dare, presume; to have the audacity to do something

oder

Or; conjunction presenting an alternative

Erlaubt

Allowed, permitted; past participle of 'erlauben'