The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African: Written By Himself — Page 2

Vocabulary

Por

Preposition meaning 'by,' 'for,' or 'through'

los

Definite article 'the' for masculine plural nouns

horrores

Horrors; things that cause extreme fear or disgust

de

Preposition meaning 'of,' 'from,' or 'about'

ese

Demonstrative adjective meaning 'that' near listener

comercio

Commerce; trade or business activity between parties

fui

First-person singular preterite of 'ser/ir': I was/went

arrancado

Torn away or uprooted from a place or person

por

Preposition meaning 'by,' 'for,' or 'through'

primera

Feminine form of 'first'; initial in order or time

vez

Time or instance; used in expressions like 'once'

todas

All or every; feminine plural form of 'todo'

las

Definite article 'the' for feminine plural nouns

tiernas

Tender; gentle, affectionate, or emotionally soft

conexiones

Connections; relationships or bonds between people

que

Conjunction or relative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'which'

eran

Third-person plural imperfect of 'ser': they were

naturalmente

Naturally; in a way that occurs by nature or instinct

queridas

Dear or beloved; cherished feminine plural things

para

Preposition meaning 'for,' 'in order to,' or 'toward'

mi

Possessive adjective 'my'; belonging to the speaker

corazón

Heart; the organ or symbol of emotion and feeling

pero

Conjunction meaning 'but'; introduces a contrasting idea

estas

Demonstrative pronoun 'these'; feminine plural form

a

Preposition meaning 'to,' 'at,' or indicating direction

través

Used in 'a través de': through or across something

misteriosos

Mysterious; full of mystery or unknown meaning

caminos

Paths or roads; ways taken to reach a destination

la

Definite article 'the' for feminine singular nouns

Providencia

Providence; divine guidance or care from God

debo

First-person singular present of 'deber': I must/owe

considerarlas

To consider them; reflect on or regard those things

como

As or like; used to compare or introduce a manner

más

More; comparative adverb indicating greater degree

infinitamente

Infinitely; to an endless or immeasurably great degree

compensadas

Compensated; offset or made up for by something else

introducción

Introduction; the act of being brought into something

allí

There; referring to a place previously mentioned

he

First-person singular present perfect auxiliary 'have'

obtenido

Obtained; past participle of 'obtener', to acquire

al

Contraction of 'a + el': to the, at the

conocimiento

Knowledge; understanding or awareness of a subject

religión

Religion; a system of faith or worship practices

cristiana

Christian; relating to Christianity or its followers

y

Conjunction meaning 'and'; connects words or clauses

una

Indefinite article 'a' or 'an' for feminine nouns

nación

Nation; a country or group sharing culture and government

sus

Possessive adjective 'their' or 'his/her/its' (plural)

sentimientos

Feelings or sentiments; emotional states or attitudes

liberales

Liberal; open-minded, generous, or broad in thinking

su

Possessive adjective 'his,' 'her,' 'its,' or 'their'

humanidad

Humanity; human beings collectively or human kindness

gloriosa

Glorious; magnificent, admirable, and worthy of praise

libertad

Liberty or freedom; the state of being free

gobierno

Government; the system or group that rules a nation

destreza

Skill or dexterity; ability and expertise in a field

en

Preposition meaning 'in,' 'on,' or 'at' a location

artes

Arts; creative disciplines like painting, music, literature

ciencias

Sciences; fields of systematic knowledge and study

ha

Third-person singular present of 'haber': has (auxiliary)

enaltecido

Elevated or exalted; raised in dignity or esteem

dignidad

Dignity; the quality of being worthy of honor

naturaleza

Nature; the natural world or inherent character of something

humana

Human; relating to people or humankind in general

Soy

First-person singular present of 'ser': I am

consciente

Conscious or aware; having knowledge of something

implorar

To implore; to beg or plead earnestly for something

perdón

Pardon or forgiveness; excusing someone's fault

dirigirles

To address them; to direct speech or writing to others

obra

Work; a literary, artistic, or creative production

tan

So or as; used in comparisons to indicate degree

completamente

Completely; fully or entirely without exception

desprovista

Devoid or lacking; completely without a quality

mérito

Merit; quality or worth deserving praise or reward

literario

Literary; relating to literature or written works

producción

Production; something created or brought into existence

un

Indefinite article 'a' or 'an' for masculine nouns

africano

African; a person from or related to Africa

sin

Without; lacking or in the absence of something

letras

Letters or learning; formal education or literacy

impulsado

Driven or impelled; motivated by a strong force

esperanza

Hope; a feeling of expectation for something good

convertirse

To become; to transform into something different

instrumento

Instrument; a tool or means for achieving a purpose

el

Definite article 'the' for masculine singular nouns

alivio

Relief; the reduction of pain, suffering, or burden

compatriotas

Compatriots; fellow citizens or people from same country

sufren

They suffer; third-person plural present of 'sufrir'

confío

I trust; first-person singular present of 'confiar'

_tal

Such; used to indicate a certain degree or kind

hombre_

Man; an adult male human being

suplicando

Imploring; earnestly begging or pleading for something

causa_

Cause; a principle or movement one fights to support

será

Future tense of 'ser': will be

absuelto

Absolved; formally declared free from blame or guilt

audacia

Audacity; bold daring or reckless confidence

presunción

Presumption; overconfident assumption or arrogance

Que

That; conjunction introducing a wish or subordinate clause

Dios

God; the supreme divine being in monotheistic religions

del

Contraction of 'de + el': of the

cielo

Heaven or sky; the expanse above or divine realm

inspire

May inspire; subjunctive of 'inspirar', to fill with feeling

corazones

Hearts; plural of corazón; centers of emotion

con

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

singular

Singular; remarkable, unique, or extraordinary in nature

benevolencia

Benevolence; the quality of being kind and well-meaning

importante

Important; of great significance or consequence

día

Day; a 24-hour period or specific point in time

cuestión

Question or issue; a matter under discussion or debate

Abolición

Abolition; the formal ending of a law or practice

ser

To be; infinitive of the verb indicating existence

debatida

Debated; discussed or argued formally in a public forum

cuando

When; conjunction indicating a point or period in time

miles

Thousands; a large number of persons or things

personas

Persons; individual human beings considered collectively

consecuencia

Consequence; a result or effect of an action or decision

Determinación

Determination; a firm decision or resolve to act

habrán

Future perfect third plural of 'haber': will have

buscar

To seek or look for; to search for something desired

Felicidad

Happiness; a state of well-being and contentment

o

Or; conjunction presenting an alternative choice

Miseria

Misery; great suffering, distress, or wretchedness

Mis

My; possessive adjective first-person plural noun form

Lores

Lords; men of high noble rank or title

Caballeros

Gentlemen or knights; men of honor and noble standing

obediente

Obedient; complying with authority or instructions given

devoto

Devoted; deeply committed or dedicated to a cause

humilde

Humble; modest and not proud about oneself

Servidor

Servant; one who serves another person or group

marzo

March; the third month of the calendar year

LISTA

List; an enumeration of names or items in writing

DE

Of; preposition connecting two nouns or concepts

SUSCRIPTORES

Subscribers; people who have paid to receive a publication

Alteza

Highness; a title used to address royalty formally

Real

Royal; relating to a king, queen, or royal family

Príncipe

Prince; a male member of a royal family

Duque

Duke; a nobleman of the highest hereditary rank

A

To or at; preposition indicating direction or address

El

The; definite masculine singular article in Spanish

Muy

Very; adverb intensifying an adjective or adverb

Honorable

Honorable; deserving of respect and high social esteem

Conde

Count or Earl; a noble title ranking below a duke

Almirante

Admiral; a high-ranking naval officer commanding fleets

Sr.

Mr.; abbreviation of 'señor', title for an adult man

ejemplares

Copies; individual printed editions of a publication

Reverendo

Reverend; a title of respect for a Christian minister