The Odyssey: Rendered into English prose for the use of those who cannot read the original — Page 4

Vocabulary

女性

josei — Woman; female gender or sex.

作者

sakusha — Author, creator, or writer of a work.

論

ron — Argument, theory, or discourse on a topic.

年

nen — Year; counter for years.

出版

shuppan — Publication; publishing a book or work.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle.

翻訳

hon'yaku — Translation; converting text to another language.

書

sho — Book; written work or document.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle.

間

aida / ma — Between; interval of time or space.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, time, or direction.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

考え

kangae — Thought, idea, or opinion on something.

を

wo / o — Object-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

変え

kae — To change; alter something (verb stem).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending.

よう

yō — Seems like; appearance or manner of something.

思わ

omowa — To think; feel (verb stem of omou).

れる

reru — Passive or potential verb auxiliary suffix.

という

to iu — Called; known as; the fact that.

も

mo — Also; too; even; particle of inclusion.

前者

zensha — The former; the first of two mentioned things.

場合

baai — Case, situation, or circumstance in context.

比較

hikaku — Comparison; comparing two or more things.

腹

hara — Stomach, belly; feelings or inner emotions.

いっぱい

ippai — Full; a lot; completely filled up.

等々

nado nado — Et cetera; and so on, and more.

で

de — Particle indicating place, means, or reason.

あり

ari — To be; exist (formal/literary verb form).

後者

kōsha — The latter; the second of two mentioned things.

ひっくり返す

hikkurikaesu — To overturn, flip over, or reverse something.

男

otoko — Man; male person or individual.

ある

aru — To exist; there is (for inanimate things).

から

kara — Because; from; since; particle of reason.

だ

da — Casual copula meaning 'is' or 'are'.

第二

daini — Second; number two in an ordered sequence.

おそらく

osoraku — Probably; perhaps; most likely the case.

偉大

idai — Great, magnificent; of outstanding importance or ability.

な

na — Adjectival linking particle for na-adjectives.

詩人

shijin — Poet; a person who writes poetry.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle in Japanese grammar.

する

suru — To do; to perform an action.

か

ka — Question marker particle; or; whether.

しれ

shire — May; might (from shirenai, expressing uncertainty).

ない

nai — Negative ending; does not exist or occur.

もの

mono — Thing; object; matter; explanatory sentence-ending nuance.

この

kono — This (modifies a following noun nearby).

著作

chosaku — Written work; literary or academic authorship.

あたり

atari — Around; vicinity; approximately near something.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

大学

daigaku — University; institution of higher education.

図書館

toshokan — Library; place for borrowing and reading books.

氏

shi — Mr./Ms.; honorific suffix for a person's name.

かけがえ

kakegae — Irreplaceable value; something that cannot be substituted.

援助

enjo — Aid, assistance, or support given to someone.

受け

uke — To receive; accept (verb stem of ukeru).

両

ryō — Both; two; pair of things or people.

友人

yūjin — Friend; a person one has friendly relations with.

示し

shimeshi — To show, indicate, or demonstrate something (verb stem).

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting clauses or actions.

くれ

kure — To give (to me); do for me (verb stem).

配慮

hairyo — Consideration, thoughtfulness, or careful attention to others.

技量

giryō — Skill, ability, or proficiency in a craft.

対し

taishi — Toward; with respect to; in relation to.

心

kokoro — Heart, mind, or spirit; inner feelings.

感謝

kansha — Gratitude, thanks; feeling or expressing appreciation.

捧げる

sasageru — To dedicate, offer, or devote something to someone.

および

oyobi — And; as well as; in addition to.

引用

in'yō — Quotation; citing text from another source.

文

bun — Sentence; text; written passage or composition.

参照

sanshō — Reference; to consult or refer to a source.

箇所

kasho — Passage, spot, or specific place in a text.

すべて

subete — All, everything, every single one.

照合

shōgō — Collation; checking and comparing for accuracy.

訂正

teisei — Correction; fixing errors in text or information.

労

rō — Labor, effort, or trouble taken to do something.

惜しま

oshima — To begrudge; spare no effort (verb stem).

ず

zu — Negative verb ending meaning 'without doing'.

時間

jikan — Time; hours; a period of time.

割い

sai — To spare or set aside time or resources.

ください

kudasai — Please (give/do); polite request form.

まし

mashi — Auxiliary indicating past polite or comparative nuance.

これ

kore — This; refers to something near the speaker.

以上

ijō — More than; above; beyond; that is all.

仕事

shigoto — Work, job, or occupation; daily labor.

でき

deki — Can do; be able to (verb stem of dekiru).

なかっ

nakatt(a) — Was not; negative past form stem.

あろ

aro — Probably is; volitional or presumptive form of aru.

う

u — Volitional or presumptive auxiliary verb ending.

信じ

shinji — To believe, trust, or have faith in.

いる

iru — To be; exist (for animate beings); ongoing action.

それ

sore — That; refers to something near the listener.

彼

kare — He, him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.

とっ

tott(e) — For; in relation to (te-form of toru/totte).

喜び

yorokobi — Joy, delight, or pleasure; a feeling of happiness.

あっ

att(e) — To be/exist (te-form); and there was.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases.

知っ

shitt(e) — To know; be aware of (te-form of shiru).

そし

soshi(te) — And then; furthermore; connecting two clauses.

もし

moshi — If; supposing that; conditional opener.

自分

jibun — Oneself; one's own self or person.

作品

sakuhin — Work of art, literature, or creative output.

旧友

kyūyū — Old friend; a friend from long ago.

息子

musuko — Son; a male child of one's own.

よっ

yott(e) — By means of; through; due to (te-form of yoru).

守ら

mamora — To protect, guard, or preserve something (verb stem).

れ

re — Passive verb auxiliary suffix element.

知る

shiru — To know; to come to know or find out.

なら

nara — If; given that; conditional particle.

違い

chigai — Difference; mistake; discrepancy between things.

半

han — Half; semi-; partial amount of something.

世紀

seiki — Century; a period of one hundred years.

前

mae — Before; in front of; earlier in time.

とも

tomo — Together; both; as well; fellow companion.

学ん

manand(a) — To learn, study, acquire knowledge (verb stem).

学友

gakuyū — Classmate; fellow student; school companion.

番地

banchi — Street address number; house or lot number.

月

tsuki / gatsu — Month; moon; counter for months of year.

日

nichi / hi — Day; sun; counter for days of month.