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The Prince — Page 15

English → Fr Preface Level 8/10

Machiavelli was undoubtedly a man of great observation, acuteness, and industry; noting with appreciative eye whatever passed before him, and with his supreme literary gift turning it to account in his enforced retirement from affairs.

Machiavel était sans aucun doute un homme d'une grande faculté d'observation, de perspicacité et d'industrie ; notant d'un œil averti tout ce qui se passait devant lui, et mettant à profit son don littéraire suprême dans sa retraite forcée des affaires.

He does not present himself, nor is he depicted by his contemporaries, as a type of that rare combination, the successful statesman and author, for he appears to have been only moderately prosperous in his several embassies and political employments.

Il ne se présente pas lui-même, et ses contemporains ne le dépeignent pas non plus, comme un exemple de cette rare combinaison, l'homme d'État et auteur couronné de succès, car il semble n'avoir été que modérément prospère dans ses diverses ambassades et fonctions politiques.

He was misled by Catherina Sforza, ignored by Louis XII, overawed by Cesare Borgia; several of his embassies were quite barren of results; his attempts to fortify Florence failed, and the soldiery that he raised astonished everybody by their cowardice.

Il fut induit en erreur par Catherina Sforza, ignoré par Louis XII, intimidé par Cesare Borgia ; plusieurs de ses ambassades furent tout à fait stériles en résultats ; ses tentatives de fortifier Florence échouèrent, et les soldats qu'il leva étonnèrent tout le monde par leur lâcheté.

In the conduct of his own affairs he was timid and time-serving; he dared not appear by the side of Soderini, to whom he owed so much, for fear of compromising himself; his connection with the Medici was open to suspicion, and Giuliano appears to have recognized his real forte when he set him to write the "History of Florence," rather than employ him in the state.

Dans la conduite de ses propres affaires, il était timide et opportuniste ; il n'osait pas paraître aux côtés de Soderini, à qui il devait tant, de peur de se compromettre ; ses liens avec les Médicis prêtaient à soupçon, et Giuliano semble avoir reconnu son vrai talent lorsqu'il le chargea d'écrire l'« Histoire de Florence », plutôt que de l'employer au service de l'État.

And it is on the literary side of his character, and there alone, that we find no weakness and no failure.

Et c'est du côté littéraire de son caractère, et là seulement, que nous ne trouvons ni faiblesse ni échec.

Although the light of almost four centuries has been focused on _The Prince_, its problems are still debatable and interesting, because they are the eternal problems between the ruled and their rulers.

Bien que la lumière de près de quatre siècles ait été braquée sur _Le Prince_, ses problèmes restent débattables et intéressants, car ce sont les éternels problèmes entre les gouvernés et leurs gouvernants.

Vocabulary

était
Was; third person singular imperfect of être.
sans
Without; preposition indicating absence or lack.
aucun
No, none, not any; negative determiner or pronoun.
doute
Doubt; uncertainty about something.
un
A, an; indefinite article, masculine singular.
homme
Man; adult male human being.
d'
Of, from; contracted preposition before vowel.
une
A, an; indefinite article, feminine singular.
grande
Great, large; adjective indicating size or importance.
faculté
Faculty, ability; natural aptitude or mental capacity.
observation
Observation; act of watching or noting things carefully.
de
Of, from; most common French preposition.
perspicacité
Perspicacity; keen insight and ability to understand things.
et
And; coordinating conjunction linking words or clauses.
industrie
Industry, diligence; hard work and steady application.
notant
Noting, observing; present participle of noter.
œil
Eye; organ of sight; also figurative watchful attention.
averti
Informed, alert, experienced; adjective meaning knowledgeable or aware.
tout
All, everything; adjective or pronoun of totality.
ce
This, that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective.
qui
Who, which, that; relative or interrogative pronoun.
se
Himself, herself, itself; reflexive pronoun, third person.
passait
Was happening, was passing; imperfect of passer.
devant
In front of, before; preposition indicating position ahead.
lui
Him, to him; third person singular pronoun.
mettant
Putting, placing; present participle of mettre.
à
To, at, in; versatile French preposition of location or direction.
profit
Profit, benefit; advantage gained from something.
son
His, her, its; possessive adjective, singular.
don
Gift, talent; natural ability or aptitude.
littéraire
Literary; relating to literature or writing.
suprême
Supreme, highest; of the greatest degree or excellence.
dans
In, inside; preposition indicating location or time.
sa
His, her, its; possessive adjective, feminine singular.
retraite
Retreat, retirement; withdrawal from public or professional life.
forcée
Forced, compelled; adjective meaning imposed against one's will.
des
Of the, some; partitive or plural indefinite article.
affaires
Affairs, business, matters; concerns or professional activities.
Il
He, it; third person singular masculine subject pronoun.
ne
Not; first part of French negation ne...pas.
présente
Presents, shows; third person singular of présenter.
pas
Not; negation particle used with ne.
même
Even, same, itself; word emphasizing identity or similarity.
ses
His, her, its; possessive adjective, plural form.
contemporains
Contemporaries; people living or existing at the same time.
le
The; definite article, masculine singular.
dépeignent
Depict, portray; third person plural of dépeindre.
non
No, not; negation word expressing refusal or denial.
plus
More, no longer; adverb of degree or negation.
comme
As, like; comparative conjunction or preposition.
exemple
Example; representative instance illustrating a general point.
cette
This, that; feminine demonstrative adjective.
rare
Rare, uncommon; not often found or occurring.
combinaison
Combination; union of different elements into one.
l'
The; definite article contracted before a vowel.
État
State; political entity or government of a country.
auteur
Author, writer; person who creates a literary work.
couronné
Crowned, rewarded; adjective meaning achieved with success.
succès
Success; favorable outcome or achievement of a goal.
car
Because, for; coordinating conjunction explaining a reason.
il
He, it; third person singular masculine subject pronoun.
semble
Seems, appears; third person singular of sembler.
n'
Not; contracted negation particle before vowel.
avoir
To have; infinitive of the verb avoir.
été
Been; past participle of être, to be.
que
That, which, than, only; versatile conjunction or pronoun.
modérément
Moderately; to a moderate degree, not excessively.
prospère
Prosperous, successful; thriving in wealth or achievement.
diverses
Various, diverse; several different kinds or types.
ambassades
Embassies, diplomatic missions; official diplomatic assignments abroad.
fonctions
Functions, duties; official roles or responsibilities.
politiques
Political; relating to politics, government, or public affairs.
fut
Was; third person singular passé simple of être.
induit
Induced, led; past participle of induire, to lead astray.
en
In, on, by; preposition indicating manner, place, or time.
erreur
Error, mistake; incorrect belief or wrong action taken.
par
By, through; preposition indicating agent or means.
ignoré
Ignored, disregarded; past participle of ignorer.
intimidé
Intimidated, overawed; past participle of intimider.
plusieurs
Several, many; indefinite adjective or pronoun indicating plurality.
furent
Were; third person plural passé simple of être.
fait
Made, done; past participle of faire.
stériles
Sterile, fruitless; producing no results or offspring.
résultats
Results, outcomes; consequences or effects of actions taken.
tentatives
Attempts, tries; efforts made to achieve something.
fortifier
To fortify, strengthen; to reinforce militarily or structurally.
échouèrent
Failed, were unsuccessful; third person plural passé simple of échouer.
les
The; definite article, masculine or feminine plural.
soldats
Soldiers; military personnel who fight in an army.
qu'
That, which; contracted relative or conjunction before vowel.
leva
Raised, levied; third person singular passé simple of lever.
étonnèrent
Astonished, amazed; third person plural passé simple of étonner.
monde
World, people; the entire world or a group of people.
leur
Their, to them; possessive adjective or indirect pronoun.
lâcheté
Cowardice; lack of courage or bravery in difficult situations.
Dans
In, inside; preposition indicating location or time frame.
la
The; definite article, feminine singular.
conduite
Conduct, behavior; way a person acts or behaves.
propres
Own, proper; adjective meaning belonging to oneself.
timide
Timid, shy; lacking confidence or boldness.
opportuniste
Opportunist; person who takes advantage of circumstances unscrupulously.
osait
Dared; third person singular imperfect of oser.
paraître
To appear, seem; to be seen or show oneself publicly.
aux
To the, at the; contracted preposition with plural article.
côtés
Sides; plural of côté, meaning sides or beside someone.
devait
Had to, owed; third person singular imperfect of devoir.
tant
So much, so many; adverb indicating a large quantity.
peur
Fear; feeling of anxiety caused by danger or threat.
compromettre
To compromise, jeopardize; to damage one's reputation or position.
liens
Links, ties, bonds; connections between people or things.
avec
With; preposition indicating accompaniment or association.
prêtaient
Lent, gave rise to; third person plural imperfect of prêter.
soupçon
Suspicion; feeling that someone is guilty or untrustworthy.
reconnu
Recognized, acknowledged; past participle of reconnaître.
vrai
True, real; adjective meaning genuine or correct.
talent
Talent; natural aptitude or exceptional skill.
lorsqu'
When; conjunction indicating a point or period in time.
chargea
Charged, tasked; third person singular passé simple of charger.
écrire
To write; infinitive meaning to produce written text.
Histoire
History; study or account of past events.
plutôt
Rather, instead; adverb expressing preference or alternative.
employer
To employ, use; to put to work or make use of.
au
To the, at the; contracted preposition with masculine article.
service
Service; work done for or on behalf of someone.
Et
And; coordinating conjunction linking clauses or words.
c'
It, this; contracted demonstrative pronoun before vowel.
est
Is; third person singular present of être, to be.
du
Of the, some; contracted preposition with masculine article.
côté
Side; aspect or direction of something.
caractère
Character; the mental and moral qualities of a person.
There; adverb indicating a specific place or point.
seulement
Only, merely; adverb limiting or restricting a statement.
nous
We, us; first person plural subject or object pronoun.
trouvons
Find; first person plural present of trouver.
ni
Neither, nor; negative conjunction used to link negatives.
faiblesse
Weakness; lack of strength, power, or resolve.
échec
Failure, defeat; lack of success in achieving a goal.
Bien
Well, good; adverb or adjective expressing positive quality.
lumière
Light; illumination or enlightenment, literal or figurative.
près
Near, close; adverb or preposition indicating proximity.
quatre
Four; the cardinal number between three and five.
siècles
Centuries; periods of one hundred years each.
ait
Has; third person singular present subjunctive of avoir.
braquée
Aimed, focused; past participle of braquer, to point at.
sur
On, upon, about; preposition indicating position or topic.
problèmes
Problems, issues; difficult questions or matters to be resolved.
restent
Remain, stay; third person plural present of rester.
débattables
Debatable; open to argument, discussion, or disagreement.
intéressants
Interesting; holding attention or arousing curiosity and interest.
sont
Are; third person plural present of être, to be.
éternels
Eternal, timeless; lasting forever without beginning or end.
entre
Between, among; preposition indicating a relationship or position.
gouvernés
Governed, ruled; those who are subject to authority.
leurs
Their; possessive adjective, plural form.
gouvernants
Rulers, governing authorities; those who hold political power.
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