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The Republic — Page 4

English → De INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. Level 9/10

We can only guess why the great design was abandoned; perhaps because Plato became sensible of some incongruity in a fictitious history, or because he had lost his interest in it, or because advancing years forbade the completion of it; and we may please ourselves with the fancy that had this imaginary narrative ever been finished, we should have found Plato himself sympathising with the struggle for Hellenic independence (cp. Laws, iii. 698 ff.), singing a hymn of triumph over Marathon and Salamis, perhaps making the reflection of Herodotus (v. 78) where he contemplates the growth of the Athenian empire—'How brave a thing is freedom of speech, which has made the Athenians so far exceed every other state of Hellas in greatness!' or, more probably, attributing the victory to the ancient good order of Athens and to the favor of Apollo and Athene (cp. Introd. to Critias).

Wir können nur vermuten, warum der große Entwurf aufgegeben wurde; vielleicht weil Platon die Unstimmigkeit einer fiktiven Geschichte erkannte, oder weil er sein Interesse daran verloren hatte, oder weil das fortschreitende Alter die Vollendung desselben untersagte; und wir dürfen uns mit dem Gedanken schmeicheln, dass, wäre diese erdachte Erzählung jemals vollendet worden, wir Platon selbst im Einklang mit dem Kampf für die hellenische Unabhängigkeit gefunden hätten (vgl. Gesetze, iii. 698 ff.), einen Triumphgesang über Marathon und Salamis anstimmend, vielleicht die Betrachtung des Herodot (v. 78) anstellend, wo er das Wachstum des athenischen Reiches betrachtet – 'Wie tapfer ist die Redefreiheit, die die Athener allen anderen Staaten Griechenlands so weit in Größe überlegen gemacht hat!' oder, wahrscheinlicher, den Sieg der alten guten Ordnung Athens und der Gunst Apollos und Athenes zuschreibend (vgl. Einl. zu Critias).

Again, Plato may be regarded as the 'captain' ('arhchegoz') or leader of a goodly band of followers; for in the Republic is to be found the original of Cicero's De Republica, of St. Augustine's City of God, of the Utopia of Sir Thomas More, and of the numerous other imaginary States which are framed upon the same model.

Ferner kann Platon als der 'Anführer' ('archegoz') oder Leiter einer stattlichen Schar von Anhängern betrachtet werden; denn in der Republik findet sich das Vorbild von Ciceros De Republica, von Augustinus' Gottesstaat, von der Utopia des Sir Thomas More und der zahlreichen anderen erdachten Staaten, die nach demselben Modell gestaltet sind.

The extent to which Aristotle or the Aristotelian school were indebted to him in the Politics has been little recognised, and the recognition is the more necessary because it is not made by Aristotle himself.

Das Ausmaß, in dem Aristoteles oder die aristotelische Schule ihm in der Politik verpflichtet waren, ist wenig anerkannt worden, und die Anerkennung ist umso notwendiger, weil sie von Aristoteles selbst nicht geleistet wird.

Vocabulary

können
Modal verb meaning 'can' or 'to be able'
nur
Adverb meaning 'only' or 'just'
vermuten
To suppose, guess, or conjecture something
warum
Interrogative adverb meaning 'why'
große
Adjective meaning 'great' or 'large'
Entwurf
A draft, design, or preliminary plan
aufgegeben
Past participle of 'aufgeben'; abandoned or given up
wurde
Past tense auxiliary 'became' or passive helper verb
vielleicht
Adverb meaning 'perhaps' or 'maybe'
weil
Subordinating conjunction meaning 'because'
Unstimmigkeit
An inconsistency, discrepancy, or contradiction
fiktiven
Adjective meaning 'fictional' or 'invented'
Geschichte
A story, history, or narrative account
erkannte
Past tense of 'erkennen'; recognized or realized something
oder
Coordinating conjunction meaning 'or'
sein
Possessive pronoun 'his' or infinitive 'to be'
Interesse
Interest or curiosity in a subject or thing
daran
Adverb meaning 'in it', 'at it', or 'therein'
verloren
Past participle of 'verlieren'; lost something
hatte
Past tense of 'haben'; had something
fortschreitende
Adjective meaning 'advancing' or 'progressing'
Alter
Age or old age of a person
Vollendung
Completion, perfection, or finishing of something
untersagte
Past tense of 'untersagen'; forbade or prohibited something
dürfen
Modal verb meaning 'may' or 'to be allowed'
mit
Preposition meaning 'with' or 'by'
Gedanken
Thought, idea, or mental reflection
schmeicheln
To flatter or console oneself with a pleasing thought
dass
Subordinating conjunction meaning 'that'
wäre
Subjunctive form of 'sein'; would be or were
erdachte
Adjective meaning 'invented' or 'conceived imaginatively'
Erzählung
A narrative, tale, or short story
jemals
Adverb meaning 'ever' or 'at any time'
vollendet
Past participle of 'vollenden'; completed or perfected
selbst
Reflexive adverb meaning 'itself', 'even', or 'oneself'
Einklang
Harmony, agreement, or accord between things
Kampf
A fight, struggle, or battle
für
Preposition meaning 'for' or 'in favor of'
Unabhängigkeit
Independence or freedom from external control
gefunden
Past participle of 'finden'; found or discovered something
hätten
Subjunctive past tense of 'haben'; would have had
Gesetze
Laws or statutes; also title of a Platonic dialogue
Triumphgesang
A triumphal song or hymn celebrating victory
über
Preposition meaning 'over', 'above', or 'about'
anstimmend
Present participle of 'anstimmen'; intoning or starting a song
Betrachtung
Contemplation, observation, or reflective consideration
anstellend
Present participle of 'anstellen'; conducting or making observations
wo
Relative or interrogative adverb meaning 'where'
Wachstum
Growth or increase of something over time
Reiches
Genitive of 'Reich'; empire, realm, or domain
betrachtet
Past participle of 'betrachten'; observed or considered something
Wie
Interrogative adverb meaning 'how' or 'as'
tapfer
Adjective meaning 'brave', 'courageous', or 'bold'
Redefreiheit
Freedom of speech or liberty of expression
anderen
Adjective or pronoun meaning 'other' or 'others'
Staaten
Plural of 'Staat'; states or nations
weit
Adjective or adverb meaning 'far', 'wide', or 'much'
Größe
Greatness, size, or magnitude of something
überlegen
Adjective meaning 'superior' or verb 'to consider'
gemacht
Past participle of 'machen'; made or done
wahrscheinlicher
Comparative of 'wahrscheinlich'; more probably or likely
Sieg
Victory or triumph in a contest or battle
Ordnung
Order, arrangement, or established system of rules
Gunst
Favor, goodwill, or patronage bestowed on someone
zuschreibend
Present participle of 'zuschreiben'; attributing or ascribing something
Ferner
Adverb meaning 'furthermore', 'moreover', or 'additionally'
kann
Third person singular of 'können'; can or is able
als
Conjunction or preposition meaning 'as', 'than', or 'when'
Anführer
A leader, chief, or head of a group
Leiter
A leader, director, or head of an organization
stattlichen
Adjective meaning 'impressive', 'considerable', or 'stately'
Schar
A crowd, troop, or large group of followers
Anhängern
Dative plural of 'Anhänger'; followers or adherents
werden
Infinitive meaning 'to become' or future auxiliary verb
denn
Conjunction meaning 'for', 'because', or 'then'
Republik
Republic; also Plato's famous philosophical dialogue
findet
Third person singular of 'finden'; finds something
Vorbild
A model, example, or role model to follow
Gottesstaat
City of God; Augustine's influential theological work
zahlreichen
Adjective meaning 'numerous' or 'many' in inflected form
erdachten
Past tense of 'erdenken'; invented or conceived imaginatively
nach
Preposition meaning 'after', 'to', or 'according to'
Modell
A model, template, or pattern to be followed
gestaltet
Past participle of 'gestalten'; shaped or designed something
Ausmaß
Extent, degree, or scale of something
Schule
School, academic institution, or philosophical tradition
Politik
Politics or Aristotle's treatise on political theory
verpflichtet
Adjective meaning 'indebted' or 'obligated' to something
wenig
Adjective or adverb meaning 'little', 'few', or 'not much'
anerkannt
Past participle of 'anerkennen'; acknowledged or recognized
Anerkennung
Recognition, acknowledgment, or appreciation of something
umso
Adverb meaning 'all the more' or 'so much the more'
notwendiger
Comparative of 'notwendig'; more necessary or essential
nicht
Negation adverb meaning 'not'
geleistet
Past participle of 'leisten'; accomplished or rendered something
wird
Third person singular of 'werden'; becomes or will be
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