The Republic — Page 12
Or, described in Christian language, the kingdom of God is within, and yet developes into a Church or external kingdom; 'the house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens,' is reduced to the proportions of an earthly building.
O, descrito en lenguaje cristiano, el reino de Dios está dentro, y sin embargo se desarrolla en una Iglesia o reino externo; 'la casa no hecha con manos, eterna en los cielos,' se reduce a las proporciones de un edificio terrenal.
Or, to use a Platonic image, justice and the State are the warp and the woof which run through the whole texture.
O, para usar una imagen platónica, la justicia y el Estado son la urdimbre y la trama que recorren toda la textura.
And when the constitution of the State is completed, the conception of justice is not dismissed, but reappears under the same or different names throughout the work, both as the inner law of the individual soul, and finally as the principle of rewards and punishments in another life.
Y cuando la constitución del Estado se completa, la concepción de la justicia no se descarta, sino que reaparece bajo el mismo u otros nombres a lo largo de la obra, tanto como la ley interior del alma individual, como finalmente como el principio de recompensas y castigos en otra vida.
The virtues are based on justice, of which common honesty in buying and selling is the shadow, and justice is based on the idea of good, which is the harmony of the world, and is reflected both in the institutions of states and in motions of the heavenly bodies (cp. Tim. 47).
Las virtudes se basan en la justicia, de la cual la honestidad común en la compra y la venta es la sombra, y la justicia se basa en la idea del bien, que es la armonía del mundo, y se refleja tanto en las instituciones de los estados como en los movimientos de los cuerpos celestes (cp. Tim. 47).
The Timaeus, which takes up the political rather than the ethical side of the Republic, and is chiefly occupied with hypotheses concerning the outward world, yet contains many indications that the same law is supposed to reign over the State, over nature, and over man.
El Timeo, que aborda el lado político más que el ético de la República, y se ocupa principalmente de hipótesis sobre el mundo exterior, contiene sin embargo muchas indicaciones de que se supone que la misma ley reina sobre el Estado, sobre la naturaleza y sobre el hombre.
Too much, however, has been made of this question both in ancient and modern times.
Sin embargo, se le ha dado demasiada importancia a esta cuestión tanto en la antigüedad como en los tiempos modernos.
There is a stage of criticism in which all works, whether of nature or of art, are referred to design.
Hay una etapa de la crítica en la que todas las obras, ya sean de la naturaleza o del arte, se atribuyen al diseño.
Vocabulary
- descrito
- Described or set forth in written or spoken form.
- en
- In, on, or at a particular location or time.
- lenguaje
- Language or system of communication using words.
- cristiano
- Christian; relating to Christianity or its followers.
- el
- The; masculine singular definite article.
- reino
- Kingdom; realm under the rule of a monarch.
- de
- Of, from, or belonging to something.
- Dios
- God; supreme being in religious belief systems.
- está
- Is; third person singular present tense of estar.
- dentro
- Inside or within a particular space or place.
- sin
- Without; lacking something or not accompanied by.
- embargo
- However or nevertheless; used in phrase sin embargo.
- se
- Reflexive pronoun; oneself or themselves.
- desarrolla
- Develops or unfolds gradually over time.
- una
- A or one; feminine singular indefinite article.
- Iglesia
- Church; religious institution or community of believers.
- externo
- External or outside; relating to outer appearance.
- la
- The; feminine singular definite article.
- casa
- House; building where people live as residence.
- no
- Not; negation or refusal of something.
- hecha
- Made or created; past participle of hacer.
- con
- With; accompanied by or in company with.
- manos
- Hands; plural of mano, body parts for grasping.
- eterna
- Eternal or everlasting; existing forever without end.
- los
- The; masculine plural definite article.
- cielos
- Heavens or skies; celestial realm above earth.
- reduce
- Reduces or lessens; third person singular of reducir.
- las
- The; feminine plural definite article.
- proporciones
- Proportions or dimensions; relationships of size or scale.
- un
- A or one; masculine singular indefinite article.
- edificio
- Building; large structure with walls and roof.
- terrenal
- Earthly or worldly; relating to material world.
- para
- For; indicating purpose, destination, or recipient.
- usar
- To use or employ something for a purpose.
- imagen
- Image or picture; visual representation or likeness.
- platónica
- Platonic; based on ideals rather than physical.
- justicia
- Justice; fair treatment and moral righteousness.
- Estado
- State; organized political community with government.
- son
- Are; third person plural present tense of ser.
- trama
- Weft or plot; cross threads in weaving.
- que
- That or which; relative pronoun connecting clauses.
- recorren
- Travel through or cover distance in space.
- toda
- All or entire; whole without exception.
- textura
- Texture; surface quality or woven fabric structure.
- cuando
- When; at what time or under circumstances.
- constitución
- Constitution; fundamental laws governing a state.
- del
- Of the; contraction of de and el.
- completa
- Complete or finished; having all necessary parts.
- concepción
- Conception; idea or understanding of something.
- descarta
- Discards or rejects; sets aside as unwanted.
- sino
- But; used for contrast or correction.
- reaparece
- Reappears or emerges again after disappearance.
- bajo
- Under or beneath; at lower level or position.
- mismo
- Same or identical; referring to something identical.
- otros
- Other or others; different from mentioned one.
- nombres
- Names; words by which people or things called.
- lo
- The; neuter singular definite article or pronoun.
- largo
- Long; having great extent in length or duration.
- obra
- Work or literary creation; artistic production.
- tanto
- So much or as much; indicating quantity degree.
- como
- As or like; used for comparison or similarity.
- ley
- Law; rule enforced by authority or custom.
- interior
- Interior or inner; inside part or internal.
- alma
- Soul; spiritual essence or life force.
- individual
- Individual; single person or distinct entity.
- finalmente
- Finally or lastly; at the end or conclusion.
- principio
- Principle or beginning; fundamental rule or start.
- recompensas
- Rewards or compensation; benefits given for action.
- castigos
- Punishments or penalties; consequences for wrongdoing.
- otra
- Other or another; different from mentioned one.
- vida
- Life; existence or period of living.
- Las
- The; feminine plural definite article.
- virtudes
- Virtues; moral excellence or positive character qualities.
- basan
- Base or found; establish as foundation or basis.
- cual
- Which or what; relative pronoun or interrogative.
- honestidad
- Honesty or integrity; quality of being truthful.
- común
- Common or shared; belonging to many or general.
- compra
- Purchase or buying; acquisition of something.
- venta
- Sale or selling; transaction of selling goods.
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