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The Republic — Page 1

English → Fr INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. Level 9/10

The Republic of Plato is the longest of his works with the exception of the Laws, and is certainly the greatest of them.

La République de Platon est la plus longue de ses œuvres, à l'exception des Lois, et elle en est certainement la plus grande.

There are nearer approaches to modern metaphysics in the Philebus and in the Sophist; the Politicus or Statesman is more ideal; the form and institutions of the State are more clearly drawn out in the Laws; as works of art, the Symposium and the Protagoras are of higher excellence.

Le Philèbe et le Sophiste s'approchent davantage de la métaphysique moderne ; le Politicus ou l'Homme d'État est plus idéal ; la forme et les institutions de l'État sont exposées plus clairement dans les Lois ; en tant qu'œuvres d'art, le Banquet et le Protagoras sont d'une excellence supérieure.

But no other Dialogue of Plato has the same largeness of view and the same perfection of style; no other shows an equal knowledge of the world, or contains more of those thoughts which are new as well as old, and not of one age only but of all.

Mais aucun autre Dialogue de Platon ne possède la même ampleur de vue ni la même perfection de style ; aucun autre ne témoigne d'une connaissance égale du monde, ni ne contient davantage de ces pensées qui sont à la fois nouvelles et anciennes, et qui n'appartiennent pas à une seule époque mais à toutes.

Nowhere in Plato is there a deeper irony or a greater wealth of humour or imagery, or more dramatic power.

Nulle part chez Platon on ne trouve une ironie plus profonde, ni une plus grande richesse d'humour ou d'images, ni une puissance dramatique plus grande.

Nor in any other of his writings is the attempt made to interweave life and speculation, or to connect politics with philosophy.

Et dans aucun autre de ses écrits on ne tente d'entrelacer la vie et la spéculation, ni de relier la politique à la philosophie.

The Republic is the centre around which the other Dialogues may be grouped; here philosophy reaches the highest point (cp, especially in Books V, VI, VII) to which ancient thinkers ever attained.

La République est le centre autour duquel les autres Dialogues peuvent être regroupés ; c'est ici que la philosophie atteint le point le plus élevé (cf., notamment dans les Livres V, VI, VII) auquel les penseurs de l'Antiquité soient jamais parvenus.

Plato among the Greeks, like Bacon among the moderns, was the first who conceived a method of knowledge, although neither of them always distinguished the bare outline or form from the substance of truth; and both of them had to be content with an abstraction of science which was not yet realized.

Platon parmi les Grecs, comme Bacon parmi les modernes, fut le premier à concevoir une méthode de connaissance, bien que ni l'un ni l'autre n'ait toujours distingué le simple contour ou la forme de la substance de la vérité ; et tous deux durent se contenter d'une abstraction de la science qui n'était pas encore réalisée.

Vocabulary

République
Republic; title of Plato's famous philosophical dialogue
Platon
Plato, ancient Greek philosopher
plus
Adverb meaning 'more' or 'most'
longue
Feminine adjective meaning 'long'
œuvres
Works, literary or artistic creations
exception
Exception, something excluded from a general rule
Lois
Laws; title of one of Plato's dialogues
certainement
Adverb meaning 'certainly' or 'definitely'
grande
Feminine adjective meaning 'great' or 'large'
Philèbe
Philebus, a Platonic dialogue on pleasure and good
Sophiste
Sophist, one who uses clever but misleading arguments
approchent
Third plural of 'approcher': 'approach' or 'come close'
davantage
Adverb meaning 'more' or 'to a greater extent'
métaphysique
Metaphysics, branch of philosophy about fundamental reality
moderne
Adjective meaning 'modern' or 'contemporary'
Politicus
Politicus, Platonic dialogue about the ideal statesman
Homme
Noun meaning 'man' or 'human being'
État
State, organized political community or government
idéal
Adjective meaning 'ideal' or 'perfect'
forme
Form, shape, or philosophical concept of ideal structure
institutions
Institutions, established organizations or social structures
exposées
Past participle of 'exposer': presented or set forth clearly
clairement
Adverb meaning 'clearly' or 'plainly'
tant
Adverb meaning 'so much' or 'as much'
art
Art, skill, or creative expression
Banquet
Symposium, Platonic dialogue on love and beauty
Protagoras
Protagoras, Platonic dialogue on virtue and sophistry
excellence
Excellence, outstanding quality or superiority
supérieure
Feminine adjective meaning 'superior' or 'higher'
aucun
Adjective or pronoun meaning 'no', 'none', 'not any'
autre
Adjective meaning 'other' or 'another'
Dialogue
Dialogue, written conversation used in Platonic philosophy
possède
Third singular of 'posséder': 'possesses' or 'owns'
même
Adjective or adverb meaning 'same' or 'even'
ampleur
Breadth, scope, or magnitude of something
vue
View, vision, or perspective on something
ni
Conjunction meaning 'nor' or 'neither'
perfection
Perfection, flawless quality or state of being perfect
style
Style, distinctive manner of writing or expression
témoigne
Third singular of 'témoigner': 'testifies' or 'shows'
connaissance
Knowledge or understanding of something
égale
Feminine adjective meaning 'equal' or 'comparable'
monde
World, earth, or society in general
contient
Third singular of 'contenir': 'contains' or 'holds'
pensées
Thoughts, ideas, or reflections
fois
Time, occasion; 'à la fois' means 'at the same time'
nouvelles
Feminine plural of 'nouveau': 'new' or 'recent'
anciennes
Feminine plural of 'ancien': 'ancient' or 'old'
appartiennent
Third plural of 'appartenir': 'belong' or 'pertain to'
seule
Feminine adjective meaning 'alone', 'single', or 'only'
époque
Era, period, or age in history
toutes
Feminine plural of 'tout': 'all' or 'every'
Nulle
Feminine of 'nul': 'no', 'none', or 'nowhere'
part
Part or place; 'nulle part' means 'nowhere'
chez
Preposition meaning 'at the home of' or 'among'
trouve
Third singular of 'trouver': 'finds' or 'one finds'
ironie
Irony, expression conveying meaning opposite to literal words
profonde
Feminine adjective meaning 'deep' or 'profound'
richesse
Richness, wealth, or abundance of quality
humour
Humor, quality of being funny or amusing
images
Images, mental or visual representations
puissance
Power, strength, or force
dramatique
Adjective meaning 'dramatic' or 'striking'
écrits
Writings, written works or texts
tente
Third singular of 'tenter': 'attempts' or 'tries'
entrelacer
To interweave or interlace two or more elements together
vie
Life, existence, or way of living
spéculation
Speculation, abstract philosophical or theoretical thinking
relier
To connect, link, or relate things together
politique
Politics or political affairs and governance
philosophie
Philosophy, study of fundamental questions about existence
centre
Center, central point around which things revolve
autour
Adverb or preposition meaning 'around' or 'surrounding'
duquel
Relative pronoun 'of which' or 'from which' (masculine)
autres
Plural adjective meaning 'other' or 'others'
Dialogues
Dialogues, Plato's philosophical works in conversational form
peuvent
Third plural of 'pouvoir': 'can' or 'are able to'
être
Infinitive 'to be'; also used as auxiliary verb
regroupés
Past participle of 'regrouper': grouped together or clustered
ici
Adverb meaning 'here' or 'in this place'
atteint
Third singular of 'atteindre': 'reaches' or 'attains'
point
Point, level, or degree of something
élevé
Past participle of 'élever': elevated, high, or lofty
notamment
Adverb meaning 'notably' or 'in particular'
Livres
Books, divisions or sections of a larger work
auquel
Relative pronoun 'to which' or 'at which' (masculine)
penseurs
Thinkers, people engaged in philosophical or intellectual thought
Antiquité
Antiquity, ancient historical period of Greece and Rome
soient
Subjunctive of 'être': 'may be' or 'are' (subj.)
jamais
Adverb meaning 'never' or 'ever'
parvenus
Past participle of 'parvenir': reached, attained, or succeeded
parmi
Preposition meaning 'among' or 'amongst'
Grecs
Greeks, people of ancient or modern Greece
Bacon
Francis Bacon, English philosopher of scientific method
modernes
Plural adjective meaning 'modern' or referring to modern thinkers
fut
Simple past of 'être': 'was' (literary or formal)
premier
Adjective meaning 'first' or 'foremost'
concevoir
To conceive, devise, or formulate an idea or plan
méthode
Method, systematic procedure or approach to a task
bien
Adverb meaning 'well'; noun meaning 'good'
ait
Subjunctive of 'avoir': 'may have' or 'has' (subj.)
toujours
Adverb meaning 'always' or 'still'
distingué
Past participle of 'distinguer': distinguished or differentiated
simple
Adjective meaning 'simple', 'plain', or 'mere'
contour
Outline, contour, or general shape of something
substance
Substance, essential nature or material of something
vérité
Truth, accurate or genuine state of affairs
tous
Masculine plural of 'tout': 'all' or 'both'
deux
Number meaning 'two'
durent
Simple past of 'devoir': 'had to' or 'were obliged to'
contenter
To content oneself with, settle for something
abstraction
Abstraction, concept separated from concrete reality
science
Science or knowledge, systematic study of the world
était
Imperfect of 'être': 'was' or 'used to be'
encore
Adverb meaning 'still', 'yet', or 'again'
réalisée
Past participle of 'réaliser': realized, achieved, or accomplished
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