The Republic — Page 8
To this is appended a restatement of the nature of justice according to common opinion, and an answer is demanded to the question—What is justice, stripped of appearances?
À ceci est ajoutée une reformulation de la nature de la justice selon l'opinion commune, et une réponse est exigée à la question — Qu'est-ce que la justice, dépouillée des apparences ?
The second division (2) includes the remainder of the second and the whole of the third and fourth books, which are mainly occupied with the construction of the first State and the first education.
La deuxième division (2) comprend le reste du deuxième livre et l'intégralité des troisième et quatrième livres, qui sont principalement consacrés à la construction du premier État et de la première éducation.
The third division (3) consists of the fifth, sixth, and seventh books, in which philosophy rather than justice is the subject of enquiry, and the second State is constructed on principles of communism and ruled by philosophers, and the contemplation of the idea of good takes the place of the social and political virtues.
La troisième division (3) se compose des cinquième, sixième et septième livres, dans lesquels la philosophie plutôt que la justice est le sujet d'investigation, et le second État est construit sur des principes de communisme et gouverné par des philosophes, et la contemplation de l'idée du bien prend la place des vertus sociales et politiques.
In the eighth and ninth books (4) the perversions of States and of the individuals who correspond to them are reviewed in succession; and the nature of pleasure and the principle of tyranny are further analysed in the individual man.
Dans les huitième et neuvième livres (4), les perversions des États et des individus qui leur correspondent sont passées en revue successivement ; et la nature du plaisir et le principe de la tyrannie sont analysés plus avant dans l'homme individuel.
The tenth book (5) is the conclusion of the whole, in which the relations of philosophy to poetry are finally determined, and the happiness of the citizens in this life, which has now been assured, is crowned by the vision of another.
Le dixième livre (5) est la conclusion de l'ensemble, dans laquelle les relations de la philosophie à la poésie sont définitivement déterminées, et le bonheur des citoyens dans cette vie, qui a désormais été assuré, est couronné par la vision d'une autre.
Vocabulary
- ceci
- This; this thing or matter
- est
- Is; third person singular of être
- ajoutée
- Added; past participle of ajouter
- une
- A, an; feminine indefinite article
- reformulation
- Reformulation; restating in different words
- de
- Of; from; preposition indicating possession or origin
- la
- The; feminine definite article
- nature
- Nature; the natural world or essence
- justice
- Justice; fairness and moral rightness in conduct
- selon
- According to; in accordance with
- opinion
- Opinion; a belief or judgment held
- commune
- Common; shared by many or all
- et
- And; conjunction linking words or clauses
- réponse
- Answer; a response to a question
- exigée
- Required; demanded or needed necessarily
- question
- Question; an inquiry seeking information or clarification
- Qu
- What; interrogative pronoun (abbreviated form)
- ce
- This; that; demonstrative pronoun or adjective
- que
- That; what; relative or interrogative pronoun
- dépouillée
- Stripped; deprived of or removed from
- des
- Of the; some; plural contraction of de+les
- apparences
- Appearances; outward forms or seeming impressions
- La
- The; feminine definite article (capitalized)
- deuxième
- Second; ordinal number two
- division
- Division; a separation into parts or sections
- comprend
- Comprises; includes or contains within itself
- le
- The; masculine definite article
- reste
- Rest; what remains or is left
- du
- Of the; from the; contraction of de+le
- livre
- Book; a written work bound into volume
- intégralité
- Entirety; the whole or complete amount
- troisième
- Third; ordinal number three
- quatrième
- Fourth; ordinal number four
- livres
- Books; plural of livre
- qui
- Who; which; relative pronoun
- sont
- Are; third person plural of être
- principalement
- Mainly; primarily or chiefly
- consacrés
- Devoted; dedicated or set apart for
- construction
- Construction; the building or structuring of something
- premier
- First; coming before all others
- État
- State; a political territory or condition
- première
- First; feminine form of premier
- éducation
- Education; instruction and training of the mind
- se
- Reflexive pronoun; oneself or each other
- compose
- Composed; made up or formed of parts
- cinquième
- Fifth; ordinal number five
- sixième
- Sixth; ordinal number six
- septième
- Seventh; ordinal number seven
- dans
- In; within or inside a place
- lesquels
- Which; relative pronoun masculine plural
- philosophie
- Philosophy; the study of fundamental principles
- plutôt
- Rather; preferably or to a greater extent
- sujet
- Subject; a topic or matter of concern
- investigation
- Investigation; a systematic inquiry or examination
- second
- Second; coming after the first one
- construit
- Constructed; built or assembled together
- sur
- On; upon or above in position
- principes
- Principles; fundamental truths or laws
- communisme
- Communism; system of collective ownership and equality
- gouverné
- Governed; ruled or controlled by authority
- par
- By; indicating agent performing an action
- philosophes
- Philosophers; those who study or practice philosophy
- contemplation
- Contemplation; deep or serious thought
- idée
- Idea; a thought or conception in mind
- bien
- Good; well; that which is beneficial
- prend
- Takes; third person singular of prendre
- place
- Place; a position or location in space
- vertus
- Virtues; moral excellences or good qualities
- sociales
- Social; relating to human society or community
- politiques
- Political; relating to government and state affairs
- Dans
- In; within (capitalized at sentence start)
- les
- The; plural definite article
- huitième
- Eighth; ordinal number eight
- neuvième
- Ninth; ordinal number nine
- perversions
- Perversions; distortions or corruptions of proper form
- États
- States; plural of État
- individus
- Individuals; separate human beings or persons
- leur
- Their; possessive pronoun third person plural
- correspondent
- Correspond; match or be equivalent in some way
- passées
- Passed; gone by or elapsed in time
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