The Republic — Page 8
To this is appended a restatement of the nature of justice according to common opinion, and an answer is demanded to the question—What is justice, stripped of appearances?
A questo viene aggiunta una riformulazione della natura della giustizia secondo l'opinione comune, e viene richiesta una risposta alla domanda: cos'è la giustizia, spogliata delle apparenze?
The second division (2) includes the remainder of the second and the whole of the third and fourth books, which are mainly occupied with the construction of the first State and the first education.
La seconda sezione (2) comprende il resto del secondo e l'interezza del terzo e quarto libro, che sono principalmente occupati dalla costruzione del primo Stato e della prima educazione.
The third division (3) consists of the fifth, sixth, and seventh books, in which philosophy rather than justice is the subject of enquiry, and the second State is constructed on principles of communism and ruled by philosophers, and the contemplation of the idea of good takes the place of the social and political virtues.
La terza sezione (3) è composta dal quinto, sesto e settimo libro, nei quali la filosofia piuttosto che la giustizia è l'oggetto dell'indagine, e il secondo Stato è costruito su principi di comunismo e governato da filosofi, e la contemplazione dell'idea del bene prende il posto delle virtù sociali e politiche.
In the eighth and ninth books (4) the perversions of States and of the individuals who correspond to them are reviewed in succession; and the nature of pleasure and the principle of tyranny are further analysed in the individual man.
Nell'ottavo e nel nono libro (4) le degenerazioni degli Stati e degli individui che ad essi corrispondono vengono esaminate in successione; e la natura del piacere e il principio della tirannia vengono ulteriormente analizzati nell'uomo individuale.
The tenth book (5) is the conclusion of the whole, in which the relations of philosophy to poetry are finally determined, and the happiness of the citizens in this life, which has now been assured, is crowned by the vision of another.
Il decimo libro (5) è la conclusione dell'opera intera, nella quale i rapporti della filosofia con la poesia vengono definitivamente determinati, e la felicità dei cittadini in questa vita, che è ormai assicurata, viene coronata dalla visione di un'altra.
Vocabulary
- questo
- This; this one (demonstrative pronoun)
- viene
- Comes; is coming (third person singular of venire)
- aggiunta
- Addition; something added to something else
- una
- A; an (feminine indefinite article)
- della
- Of the; from the (feminine singular contraction)
- natura
- Nature; the natural world or essential qualities
- giustizia
- Justice; fairness and moral rightness in society
- secondo
- According to; second in order or rank
- opinione
- Opinion; a belief or judgment held by someone
- comune
- Common; shared by many; ordinary or typical
- richiesta
- Request; asking for something from someone
- risposta
- Answer; reply to a question or request
- alla
- To the; at the (feminine singular contraction)
- domanda
- Question; asking for information or clarification
- cos
- What (interrogative pronoun, archaic spelling)
- la
- The (feminine singular definite article)
- delle
- Of the; from the (feminine plural contraction)
- apparenze
- Appearances; outward looks or seeming qualities
- La
- The (feminine singular definite article)
- seconda
- Second; following the first in order
- sezione
- Section; a distinct part of something
- comprende
- Comprises; includes or contains as parts
- il
- The (masculine singular definite article)
- resto
- Rest; the remaining part or people
- del
- Of the; from the (masculine singular contraction)
- terzo
- Third; following the second in sequence
- quarto
- Fourth; following the third in order
- libro
- Book; a written or printed literary work
- che
- That; which (relative or subordinating conjunction)
- sono
- Are; to be (first/third person plural)
- principalmente
- Mainly; chiefly or primarily concerned with
- occupati
- Occupied; busy with or engaged in
- dalla
- By the; from the (feminine singular contraction)
- costruzione
- Construction; building or assembling something
- primo
- First; earliest in order or rank
- Stato
- State; political body or condition
- prima
- First; before or earlier in time
- educazione
- Education; teaching and learning process
- terza
- Third; following the second (feminine form)
- composta
- Composed; made up or created (feminine)
- dal
- From the; by the (masculine singular contraction)
- quinto
- Fifth; following the fourth in sequence
- sesto
- Sixth; following the fifth in order
- settimo
- Seventh; following the sixth in sequence
- nei
- In the; on the (masculine plural contraction)
- quali
- Which; in which (plural relative pronoun)
- filosofia
- Philosophy; love of wisdom and knowledge
- piuttosto
- Rather; more readily or preferably
- oggetto
- Object; a thing perceived or thought about
- dell
- Of the (contraction before vowel)
- indagine
- Investigation; systematic inquiry or examination
- costruito
- Built; constructed or assembled (masculine form)
- su
- On; upon or above something
- principi
- Principles; fundamental rules or beliefs
- di
- Of; from or belonging to
- comunismo
- Communism; system of shared property
- governato
- Governed; ruled or controlled (masculine form)
- da
- By; from or indicating agent of action
- filosofi
- Philosophers; people who study wisdom
- contemplazione
- Contemplation; thoughtful consideration or meditation
- idea
- Idea; thought or concept in mind
- bene
- Good; well or the greater good
- prende
- Takes; seizes or assumes (third singular)
- posto
- Place; position or spot in something
- virtù
- Virtue; moral excellence and good qualities
- sociali
- Social; relating to society and people
- politiche
- Political; relating to government and politics
- Nell
- In the (contraction before vowel)
- ottavo
- Eighth; following the seventh in order
- nel
- In the (masculine singular contraction)
- nono
- Ninth; following the eighth in sequence
- le
- The (feminine plural definite article)
- degli
- Of the (masculine plural contraction)
- Stati
- States; political bodies or conditions
- individui
- Individuals; single persons or separate beings
- ad
- To; at (used before vowels)
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