The Republic — Page 4
We can only guess why the great design was abandoned; perhaps because Plato became sensible of some incongruity in a fictitious history, or because he had lost his interest in it, or because advancing years forbade the completion of it; and we may please ourselves with the fancy that had this imaginary narrative ever been finished, we should have found Plato himself sympathising with the struggle for Hellenic independence (cp. Laws, iii. 698 ff.), singing a hymn of triumph over Marathon and Salamis, perhaps making the reflection of Herodotus (v. 78) where he contemplates the growth of the Athenian empire—'How brave a thing is freedom of speech, which has made the Athenians so far exceed every other state of Hellas in greatness!' or, more probably, attributing the victory to the ancient good order of Athens and to the favor of Apollo and Athene (cp. Introd. to Critias).
Só podemos imaginar por que o grande projeto foi abandonado; talvez porque Platão tenha se dado conta de alguma incongruência em uma história fictícia, ou porque havia perdido o interesse nela, ou porque o avanço da idade lhe impediu de completá-la; e podemos nos comprazer com a ideia de que, caso essa narrativa imaginária tivesse sido concluída, teríamos encontrado o próprio Platão simpatizando com a luta pela independência helênica (cf. Leis, iii. 698 ss.), entoando um hino de triunfo sobre Maratona e Salamina, talvez fazendo a reflexão de Heródoto (v. 78) onde ele contempla o crescimento do império ateniense — 'Que coisa nobre é a liberdade de expressão, que fez os atenienses superarem em grandeza todos os outros estados da Hélade!' ou, mais provavelmente, atribuindo a vitória à antiga boa ordem de Atenas e ao favor de Apolo e Atena (cf. Introd. ao Crítias).
Again, Plato may be regarded as the 'captain' ('arhchegoz') or leader of a goodly band of followers; for in the Republic is to be found the original of Cicero's De Republica, of St. Augustine's City of God, of the Utopia of Sir Thomas More, and of the numerous other imaginary States which are framed upon the same model.
Além disso, Platão pode ser considerado o 'capitão' ('arhchegoz') ou líder de um notável grupo de seguidores; pois na República encontra-se o original do De Republica de Cícero, da Cidade de Deus de Santo Agostinho, da Utopia de Sir Thomas More, e dos numerosos outros Estados imaginários que foram concebidos segundo o mesmo modelo.
The extent to which Aristotle or the Aristotelian school were indebted to him in the Politics has been little recognised, and the recognition is the more necessary because it is not made by Aristotle himself.
A medida em que Aristóteles ou a escola aristotélica lhe eram devedores na Política tem sido pouco reconhecida, e o reconhecimento é tanto mais necessário porque não é feito pelo próprio Aristóteles.
Vocabulary
- Só
- Only, just, or alone
- podemos
- We can, we are able to
- imaginar
- To imagine, to picture in one's mind
- por
- For, by, through, per
- que
- That, which, what, who
- o
- The (masculine singular definite article)
- grande
- Great, large, grand, important
- projeto
- Project, plan, or scheme
- foi
- Was, went (past tense of ser/ir)
- abandonado
- Abandoned, left behind, given up
- talvez
- Perhaps, maybe, possibly
- porque
- Because, for the reason that
- tenha
- Has, have (subjunctive form of ter)
- se
- Himself, herself, itself, reflexive pronoun
- dado
- Given, provided (past participle of dar)
- conta
- Account, awareness; dar conta means to realize
- de
- Of, from, about (preposition)
- alguma
- Some, any (feminine singular indefinite adjective)
- incongruência
- Inconsistency, incongruity, lack of logical coherence
- em
- In, at, on (preposition)
- uma
- A, an, one (feminine indefinite article)
- história
- Story, history, narrative, tale
- fictícia
- Fictional, imaginary, not based on fact
- ou
- Or, either (conjunction)
- havia
- There was, had (past form of haver)
- perdido
- Lost (past participle of perder)
- interesse
- Interest, curiosity, engagement in something
- nela
- In it, in her (contraction of em + ela)
- avanço
- Advance, progression, forward movement
- da
- Of the (contraction of de + a)
- idade
- Age, period of life
- lhe
- Him, her, to him, indirect object pronoun
- impediu
- Prevented, hindered, stopped someone from doing
- completá-la
- To complete it, to finish it entirely
- e
- And (conjunction)
- nos
- Us, to us (first person plural pronoun)
- comprazer
- To please, to delight, to gratify
- com
- With (preposition)
- a
- The (feminine singular definite article)
- ideia
- Idea, concept, thought, notion
- caso
- Case, if, in the event that
- essa
- That (feminine demonstrative adjective near listener)
- narrativa
- Narrative, story, account of events
- imaginária
- Imaginary, fictional, existing only in imagination
- tivesse
- Had (imperfect subjunctive of ter)
- sido
- Been (past participle of ser)
- concluída
- Concluded, completed, finished
- teríamos
- We would have (conditional of ter)
- encontrado
- Found, encountered (past participle of encontrar)
- próprio
- Own, himself, proper, very (emphatic adjective)
- simpatizando
- Sympathizing, showing sympathy or solidarity with
- luta
- Struggle, fight, battle, conflict
- pela
- For the (contraction of por + a)
- independência
- Independence, freedom from external control
- entoando
- Intoning, chanting, singing a hymn or song
- um
- A, an, one (masculine indefinite article)
- hino
- Hymn, anthem, song of praise
- triunfo
- Triumph, victory, great success
- sobre
- About, over, on top of
- fazendo
- Doing, making (present participle of fazer)
- reflexão
- Reflection, contemplation, thoughtful consideration
- onde
- Where, in which (relative or interrogative adverb)
- ele
- He, him (third person singular masculine pronoun)
- contempla
- Contemplates, observes, considers thoughtfully
- crescimento
- Growth, increase, development over time
- do
- Of the (contraction of de + o)
- império
- Empire, dominion, supreme political power
- Que
- What, how (exclamatory or interrogative word)
- coisa
- Thing, object, matter
- nobre
- Noble, honorable, of high character
- é
- Is (third person singular of ser)
- liberdade
- Liberty, freedom from oppression or constraint
- expressão
- Expression, phrase, utterance, manner of speaking
- fez
- Made, did (past tense of fazer)
- os
- The (masculine plural definite article)
- superarem
- To surpass, to exceed, to overcome others
- grandeza
- Greatness, grandeur, magnificence, superiority
- todos
- All, every, everyone (masculine plural adjective)
- outros
- Other, others (masculine plural adjective)
- estados
- States, nations, political entities
- mais
- More, most, but (adverb or conjunction)
- provavelmente
- Probably, likely, in all probability
- atribuindo
- Attributing, assigning credit or cause to something
- vitória
- Victory, triumph, winning of a contest
- à
- To the (contraction of a + a, feminine)
- antiga
- Ancient, old, former (feminine adjective)
- boa
- Good (feminine singular adjective)
- ordem
- Order, arrangement, discipline, command
- ao
- To the (contraction of a + o, masculine)
- favor
- Favor, goodwill, support, benefit
- Além
- Beyond, besides, moreover, in addition
- disso
- Of that, besides that (contraction of de + isso)
- pode
- Can, is able to (third person singular of poder)
- ser
- To be (infinitive, permanent states or identity)
- considerado
- Considered, regarded as, deemed (past participle)
- capitão
- Captain, leader, commander of a group
- líder
- Leader, chief, head of a group
- notável
- Notable, remarkable, distinguished, outstanding
- grupo
- Group, team, cluster of people or things
- seguidores
- Followers, disciples, supporters of a leader
- pois
- Because, since, for, therefore (conjunction)
- na
- In the (contraction of em + a, feminine)
- encontra-se
- Is found, one finds (reflexive of encontrar)
- original
- Original, source, initial model or prototype
- De
- Of, from (Latin or Portuguese preposition)
- Cidade
- City, town, urban center
- Deus
- God, deity (referring to the divine being)
- Santo
- Saint, holy (masculine adjective or title)
- Utopia
- Utopia, ideal imaginary perfect society or place
- dos
- Of the (contraction of de + os, masculine plural)
- numerosos
- Numerous, many, a large number of
- Estados
- States, nations, political communities
- imaginários
- Imaginary, fictional, not real (masculine plural)
- foram
- Were, went (past tense of ser/ir, third plural)
- concebidos
- Conceived, devised, created in the mind
- segundo
- According to, second, following (preposition or adjective)
- mesmo
- Same, even, itself (adjective or adverb)
- modelo
- Model, template, example to follow
- A
- The (feminine singular) or to (preposition)
- medida
- Measure, extent; à medida que means as, insofar
- escola
- School, institution of learning, academic tradition
- eram
- Were (imperfect past of ser, third plural)
- devedores
- Debtors, those indebted or obligated to another
- Política
- Politics, Aristotle's work on political science
- tem
- Has, have (third person singular of ter)
- pouco
- Little, few, not much (adverb or adjective)
- reconhecida
- Recognized, acknowledged (feminine past participle)
- reconhecimento
- Recognition, acknowledgment, appreciation of merit
- tanto
- So much, as much, to such a degree
- necessário
- Necessary, needed, required, essential
- não
- No, not (negation adverb)
- feito
- Done, made, accomplished (past participle of fazer)
- pelo
- By the (contraction of por + o, masculine)
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