The Republic — Page 5

English → Chinese INTRODUCTION AND ANALYSIS. Level 9/10

The two philosophers had more in common than they were conscious of; and probably some elements of Plato remain still undetected in Aristotle.

这两位哲学家之间的共同之处比他们自己意识到的要多；柏拉图思想中的某些元素在亚里士多德身上很可能至今仍未被发现。

In English philosophy too, many affinities may be traced, not only in the works of the Cambridge Platonists, but in great original writers like Berkeley or Coleridge, to Plato and his ideas.

在英国哲学中，同样可以追溯到许多与柏拉图及其思想的相近之处，不仅见于剑桥柏拉图主义者的著作中，也见于贝克莱或柯勒律治这样伟大的原创作家的作品中。

That there is a truth higher than experience, of which the mind bears witness to herself, is a conviction which in our own generation has been enthusiastically asserted, and is perhaps gaining ground.

存在一种高于经验的真理，心灵自身为之作证，这一信念在我们这个时代已被热情地宣扬，或许正在赢得越来越多的认同。

Of the Greek authors who at the Renaissance brought a new life into the world Plato has had the greatest influence.

在文艺复兴时期为世界带来新生命的希腊作家中，柏拉图的影响最为深远。

The Republic of Plato is also the first treatise upon education, of which the writings of Milton and Locke, Rousseau, Jean Paul, and Goethe are the legitimate descendants.

柏拉图的《理想国》也是第一部论述教育的著作，弥尔顿与洛克、卢梭、让·保罗以及歌德的著作皆是其正统传承。

Like Dante or Bunyan, he has a revelation of another life; like Bacon, he is profoundly impressed with the unity of knowledge; in the early Church he exercised a real influence on theology, and at the Revival of Literature on politics.

他像但丁或班扬一样，对另一种生命有所启示；他像培根一样，对知识的统一性有着深刻的感悟；在早期教会中，他对神学产生了真实的影响，在文学复兴时期则影响了政治。

Even the fragments of his words when 'repeated at second-hand' (Symp. 215 D) have in all ages ravished the hearts of men, who have seen reflected in them their own higher nature.

即便是他的只言片语，在"辗转传诵"之时（《会饮篇》215D），也在各个时代令人们心醉神迷，人们在其中看到了自身更高本性的映照。

He is the father of idealism in philosophy, in politics, in literature.

他是哲学、政治与文学中理想主义的鼻祖。

Vocabulary

这: zhè — This; referring to something nearby or just mentioned.
两位: liǎng wèi — Two (people); polite measure word for persons.
哲学家: zhéxuéjiā — Philosopher; a person who studies philosophy.
之间: zhī jiān — Between; among two or more things or people.
的: de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification.
共同: gòngtóng — Common; shared; jointly held by multiple parties.
之处: zhī chù — Point; aspect; place where something exists.
比: bǐ — Than; compared to; used in comparisons.
他们: tāmen — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.
自己: zìjǐ — Oneself; one's own; reflexive pronoun.
意识到: yìshí dào — To realize; to become aware of something.
要: yào — More; want; will; indicates degree or intention.
多: duō — More; many; much; indicates greater quantity.
柏拉图: Bólātú — Plato; ancient Greek philosopher, student of Socrates.
思想: sīxiǎng — Thought; idea; ideology; philosophical thinking.
中: zhōng — In; within; among; inside a range or group.
某些: mǒuxiē — Certain; some; referring to unspecified elements.
元素: yuánsù — Element; component; basic constituent of something.
在: zài — At; in; on; indicates location or existence.
亚里士多德: Yàlǐshìduōdé — Aristotle; ancient Greek philosopher and scientist.
身上: shēnshang — On one's person; in someone's characteristics or work.
很: hěn — Very; quite; highly; adverb of degree.
可能: kěnéng — Possibly; maybe; likely; expressing possibility.
至今: zhìjīn — Until now; up to the present time.
仍: réng — Still; yet; continues to be the case.
未被: wèi bèi — Not yet been; passive construction indicating undone action.
发现: fāxiàn — To discover; to find out; a discovery.
英国: Yīngguó — England; Britain; the United Kingdom.
哲学: zhéxué — Philosophy; the study of fundamental questions.
同样: tóngyàng — Similarly; likewise; in the same way.
可以: kěyǐ — Can; may; to be allowed or able to.
追溯到: zhuīsù dào — To trace back to; to originate from historically.
许多: xǔduō — Many; numerous; a large quantity of.
与: yǔ — And; with; together with; connecting elements.
及其: jí qí — And its; along with its associated aspects.
相近: xiāngjìn — Similar; close to; resembling in nature or degree.
不仅: bùjǐn — Not only; used to introduce the first of multiple points.
见于: jiàn yú — Found in; appears in; seen within a source.
剑桥: Jiànqiáo — Cambridge; city in England, home of famous university.
主义者: zhǔyìzhě — An -ist; adherent of a particular doctrine or ideology.
著作: zhùzuò — Written works; scholarly books or publications.
也: yě — Also; too; as well; additionally.
贝克莱: Bèikèlái — Berkeley; Irish philosopher known for idealism.
或: huò — Or; either; alternatively; expressing a choice.
这样: zhèyàng — Like this; such; in this way or manner.
伟大: wěidà — Great; magnificent; of outstanding importance or talent.
原创: yuánchuàng — Original; creative; not derived from another source.
作家: zuòjiā — Writer; author; a person who writes professionally.
作品: zuòpǐn — Work; piece; a literary or artistic creation.
存在: cúnzài — To exist; existence; being present or real.
一种: yī zhǒng — A kind of; a type of; one sort.
高于: gāo yú — Higher than; superior to; above in level.
经验: jīngyàn — Experience; empirical knowledge gained through practice.
真理: zhēnlǐ — Truth; fundamental fact or principle universally valid.
心灵: xīnlíng — Mind; soul; inner spiritual or mental self.
自身: zìshēn — Itself; oneself; one's own being or nature.
为之: wèi zhī — To bear witness to it; act on its behalf.
作证: zuòzhèng — To testify; to bear witness; give evidence.
这一: zhè yī — This; this particular; referring to a specific item.
信念: xìnniàn — Belief; conviction; firmly held principle or faith.
我们: wǒmen — We; us; first-person plural pronoun.
这个: zhège — This; this one; referring to a specific thing.
时代: shídài — Era; age; a particular period in history.
已被: yǐ bèi — Has already been; passive construction for completed action.
热情地: rèqíng de — Enthusiastically; passionately; with great eagerness.
宣扬: xuānyáng — To advocate; to promote; to spread ideas publicly.
或许: huòxǔ — Perhaps; maybe; expressing uncertainty or possibility.
正在: zhèngzài — Currently; in the process of; ongoing action marker.
赢得: yíngdé — To win; to gain; to earn recognition or support.
越来越: yuè lái yuè — More and more; increasingly; growing in degree.
认同: rèntóng — Acceptance; recognition; to identify with or agree.
文艺复兴: Wényì Fùxīng — The Renaissance; European cultural rebirth 14th–17th century.
时期: shíqī — Period; phase; a specific span of historical time.
为: wèi — For; on behalf of; to bring something to.
世界: shìjiè — World; the earth; all of human civilization.
带来: dài lái — To bring; to introduce; to cause something new.
新: xīn — New; fresh; recently emerged or renewed.
生命: shēngmìng — Life; vitality; living existence or energy.
希腊: Xīlà — Greece; ancient and modern country in southeastern Europe.
影响: yǐngxiǎng — Influence; impact; effect on someone or something.
最为: zuì wéi — Most; the most; to the greatest degree.
深远: shēnyuǎn — Far-reaching; profound; having lasting and deep impact.
理想国: Lǐxiǎng Guó — The Republic; Plato's foundational work on justice and governance.
也是: yě shì — Also is; is also; additionally serves as.
第一部: dì yī bù — The first work; the earliest volume or piece.
论述: lùnshù — To expound; to discuss systematically; a treatise.
教育: jiàoyù — Education; the process of teaching and learning.
洛克: Luòkè — Locke; English philosopher of empiricism and liberalism.
卢梭: Lúsuō — Rousseau; French Enlightenment philosopher and writer.
让: ràng — Jean (name particle); also means 'let' or 'allow'.
以及: yǐjí — As well as; and also; connecting additional items.
歌德: Gēdé — Goethe; German literary giant, author of Faust.
皆是: jiē shì — All are; each one is; without exception.
其: qí — Its; his; their; third-person possessive pronoun.
正统: zhèngtǒng — Orthodox; legitimate; of the mainstream tradition.
传承: chuánchéng — Inheritance; to carry on a tradition or legacy.
他: tā — He; him; third-person singular masculine pronoun.
像: xiàng — Like; similar to; resembling someone or something.
但丁: Dàndīng — Dante; Italian poet, author of The Divine Comedy.
一样: yīyàng — The same; alike; identical in manner or degree.
对: duì — Toward; regarding; in relation to something.
另一种: lìng yī zhǒng — Another kind; a different type or variety.
有所: yǒu suǒ — To have some; to some degree; somewhat.
启示: qǐshì — Revelation; inspiration; insight into hidden truths.
培根: Péigēn — Bacon; Francis Bacon, English philosopher and scientist.
知识: zhīshi — Knowledge; information; what is known or learned.
统一性: tǒngyīxìng — Unity; oneness; the quality of being unified.
有着: yǒuzhe — Has; possesses; holding a quality or attribute.
深刻: shēnkè — Profound; deep; making a strong lasting impression.
感悟: gǎnwù — Insight; enlightened understanding gained through reflection.
早期: zǎoqī — Early period; initial stage; the beginning phase.
教会: jiàohuì — Church; the Christian religious institution or community.
神学: shénxué — Theology; the study of religion and the divine.
产生了: chǎnshēng le — Produced; gave rise to; resulted in something.
真实: zhēnshí — Real; true; genuine; authentic and factual.
文学: wénxué — Literature; written artistic works of lasting value.
复兴: fùxīng — Revival; renaissance; renewal of something previously declined.
则: zé — Then; while; on the other hand; contrast marker.
影响了: yǐngxiǎng le — Influenced; had an impact on; affected something.
政治: zhèngzhì — Politics; political affairs and governance.
即便: jíbiàn — Even if; even though; conceding a condition.
是: shì — Is; are; to be; linking verb of identity.
只言片语: zhī yán piàn yǔ — A few words; fragments of speech or writing.
辗转: zhǎnzhuǎn — Passing through many hands; circuitously transmitted.
传诵: chuánsòng — To spread and recite; to be widely circulated.
之时: zhī shí — At the time of; when something occurs.
会饮篇: Huìyǐn Piān — The Symposium; Plato's dialogue on love and beauty.
各个: gège — Each; every; various individuals or groups.
令: lìng — To cause; to make; to cause someone to feel.
人们: rénmen — People; folks; human beings in general.
心醉神迷: xīn zuì shén mí — Enchanted; captivated; completely fascinated and entranced.
其中: qízhōng — Among them; within it; therein.
看到了: kàn dào le — Saw; caught sight of; came to perceive.
更高: gèng gāo — Higher; greater; superior to what existed before.
本性: běnxìng — True nature; innate character; one's fundamental essence.
映照: yìngzhào — To reflect; to illuminate; to mirror something.
理想主义: lǐxiǎng zhǔyì — Idealism; belief in pursuing noble perfect ideals.
鼻祖: bízǔ — Originator; founder; the very first ancestor or pioneer.

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