The Scarlet Letter — Page 1

Vocabulary

SCHARLACHROTE

Scarlet, bright red color adjective form.

BUCHSTABE

A letter of the alphabet.

VON

Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'.

Illustriert

Illustrated, containing pictures or images.

Illustration

A picture or image accompanying a text.

VORMALS

Formerly, previously known by another name.

Alle

All, every; refers to totality of something.

Rechte

Rights, legal entitlements or privileges.

vorbehalten

Reserved, kept exclusively for a specific purpose.

Oktober

October, the tenth month of the year.

VORWORT

Preface or foreword introducing a book.

ZWEITEN

Second, ordinal adjective in inflected form.

AUSGABE

Edition or issue of a published work.

seiner

His, possessive pronoun in dative masculine form.

großen

Great, large; adjective in inflected form.

Überraschung

Surprise, an unexpected or astonishing event.

wenn

Conjunction meaning 'if' or 'when'.

sagen

To say or tell something verbally.

darf

May, is allowed to; modal verb form.

ohne

Preposition meaning 'without'.

damit

With it, thereby; connective adverb or conjunction.

weiteren

Further, additional; adjective in inflected form.

Anstoß

Offense, provocation, or initial impulse.

erregen

To arouse, provoke, or cause excitement.

beträchtlichen

Considerable, significant; adjective in inflected form.

Belustigung

Amusement, entertainment, or feeling of being amused.

stellt

Places, puts; third-person singular of 'stellen'.

Autor

Author, the writer of a literary work.

fest

Firm, solid; also part of 'feststellen' meaning 'to note'.

dass

Conjunction meaning 'that', introducing a subordinate clause.

sein

His (possessive) or 'to be' as infinitive.

Abriss

Sketch, outline, or brief account of something.

Beamtenlebens

Of the civil servant's life, bureaucratic existence.

als

As, than; conjunction or preposition in German.

Einleitung

Introduction, opening section of a written work.

SCHARLACHROTEN

Scarlet, bright red; adjective in inflected dative form.

BUCHSTABEN

Dative or plural form of 'Buchstabe', meaning 'letter'.

noch

Still, yet, even; common German adverb.

nie

Never; negation adverb indicating no occurrence.

dagewesene

Previously existing; unprecedented or never seen before.

Aufregung

Excitement, agitation, or commotion among people.

achtbaren

Respectable, honorable; adjective in inflected form.

Gemeinschaft

Community, group of people sharing common interests.

unmittelbaren

Immediate, direct; adjective in inflected form.

Umgebung

Surroundings, environment, or immediate vicinity.

hervorgerufen

Caused, evoked, brought about; past participle of 'hervorrufen'.

hätte

Would have; subjunctive form of 'haben'.

kaum

Hardly, barely, scarcely; limiting adverb.

heftiger

More intense, fiercer; comparative form of 'heftig'.

können

Can, to be able to; modal verb infinitive.

Zollhaus

Custom house, building where import duties are collected.

niedergebrannt

Burned down; past participle of 'niederbrennen'.

letzte

Last, final; adjective in inflected form.

glimmende

Glowing, smoldering; present participle of 'glimmen'.

Asche

Ash, the residue left after something burns.

Blut

Blood, the red fluid in human or animal bodies.

gewissen

Certain, particular; adjective indicating a specific one.

ehrwürdigen

Venerable, worthy of respect; adjective in inflected form.

Persönlichkeit

Personality, a notable or distinguished individual.

gelöscht

Extinguished, put out; past participle of 'löschen'.

gegen

Against, toward; preposition indicating opposition.

angeblich

Allegedly, supposedly; indicating an unverified claim.

besondere

Special, particular; adjective in inflected form.

Feindseligkeit

Hostility, animosity, or unfriendly behavior toward someone.

hegt

Harbors, nurtures; third-person singular of 'hegen'.

Da

Since, as, there; conjunction or adverb in German.

öffentliche

Public, relating to the general population; adjective inflected.

Missbilligung

Disapproval, condemnation, or censure of someone's actions.

sehr

Very, greatly; intensifying adverb in German.

schwer

Heavy, difficult, hard; common German adjective.

ihm

Dative personal pronoun meaning 'him' or 'it'.

lasten

To burden, weigh upon; infinitive of 'lasten'.

würde

Would; subjunctive form of 'werden' (to become).

sich

Reflexive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself'.

bewusst

Aware, conscious; adjective indicating self-awareness.

wäre

Would be; subjunctive form of 'sein' (to be).

verdienen

To deserve, earn; infinitive verb form.

erlaubt

Allowed, permitted; past participle of 'erlauben'.

einleitenden

Introductory, opening; adjective in inflected form.

Seiten

Pages, sides; plural of 'Seite'.

sorgfältig

Careful, thorough, meticulous; adverb or adjective.

durchgelesen

Read through; past participle of 'durchlesen'.

Absicht

Intention, purpose, or plan to do something.

alles

Everything, all things; indefinite pronoun.

ändern

To change, alter, or modify something.

oder

Conjunction meaning 'or', offering an alternative.

streichen

To delete, cross out, or remove from text.

was

What; relative or interrogative pronoun.

unangemessen

Inappropriate, unsuitable, or improper; adjective.

befunden

Found, judged to be; past participle of 'befinden'.

werden

To become; auxiliary verb for future or passive.

könnte

Could; subjunctive form of modal verb 'können'.

bestmögliche

Best possible; superlative adjective in inflected form.

Wiedergutmachung

Reparation, making amends for a past wrongdoing.

Grausamkeiten

Cruelties, acts of brutality or harshness; plural noun.

leisten

To perform, provide, or render a service.

deren

Whose, of which; genitive relative pronoun.

schuldig

Guilty, owing; adjective indicating responsibility or debt.

wurde

Became, was; past tense of 'werden'.

Aber

But, however; conjunction indicating contrast.

scheint

Seems, appears; third-person singular of 'scheinen'.

einzigen

Only, sole; adjective in inflected form.

bemerkenswerten

Noteworthy, remarkable; adjective in inflected form.

Merkmale

Features, characteristics; plural of 'Merkmal'.

Abrisses

Of the sketch/outline; genitive form of 'Abriss'.

seine

His; possessive pronoun in nominative or accusative form.

offene

Open, frank; adjective in inflected form.

aufrichtige

Sincere, honest; adjective in inflected form.

Gutmütigkeit

Good-naturedness, kindheartedness, amiable disposition.

sowie

As well as, and also; coordinating conjunction.

allgemeine

General, overall; adjective in inflected form.

Genauigkeit

Accuracy, precision, exactness in detail.

aufrichtigen

Sincere, genuine; adjective in inflected dative form.

Eindrücke

Impressions, feelings or perceptions formed from experience.

von

Preposition meaning 'from', 'of', or 'by'.

darin

In it, therein; adverb referring to something mentioned.

beschriebenen

Described; adjective from past participle of 'beschreiben'.

Charakteren

Characters, persons depicted in a literary work; dative plural.

wiedergegeben

Reproduced, rendered; past participle of 'wiedergeben'.

Was

What; interrogative or relative pronoun.

Feindschaft

Enmity, hostility, or state of being enemies.

üble

Bad, nasty, ill; adjective in inflected form.

Gesinnung

Attitude, disposition, or moral conviction of a person.

jeglicher

Any, of any kind; genitive form of 'jeglicher'.

Art

Kind, type, sort; noun indicating a category.

betrifft

Concerns, regards; third-person singular of 'betreffen'.

persönlich

Personal, individual; adverb or adjective.

politisch

Political, relating to politics or governance.

so

So, thus; adverb indicating consequence or degree.

weist

Points, indicates; third-person singular of 'weisen'.

solche

Such, of that kind; demonstrative adjective or pronoun.

Motive

Motives, reasons or intentions behind an action.

vollständig

Completely, entirely, fully; adverb or adjective.