The Scarlet Letter — Page 2

Vocabulary

この

kono — This (determiner modifying a noun nearby)

小品

shōhin — Short literary or artistic piece; minor work

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject

おそらく

osoraku — Probably; most likely; presumably

公衆

kōshū — The general public; the community at large

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or indirect object

損失

sonshitsu — Loss; damage; financial or material deficit

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object

与える

ataeru — To give; to provide; to cause something to someone

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verb into noun phrase

も

mo — Also; too; even; particle adding emphasis or inclusion

書物

shomotsu — Book; written work; literary publication

害

gai — Harm; damage; injury; negative effect

及ぼす

oyobosu — To exert; to extend influence; to cause harm

なく

naku — Without; lacking; negative connective form

全面的

zenmenteki — Complete; total; all-encompassing; across the board

省略

shōryaku — Omission; abbreviation; leaving something out

さ

sa — Suffix nominalizing adjectives or part of passive form

れ

re — Part of passive or potential verb conjugation

て

te — Connective particle linking verb actions sequentially

い

i — Stem of iru; indicates ongoing or resultant state

た

ta — Past tense verb ending in Japanese grammar

かも

kamo — Might; maybe; possibility marker before しれない

しれ

shire — Part of かもしれない meaning might or perhaps

ない

nai — Negative verb ending meaning not or does not exist

しかし

shikashi — However; but; introduces a contrasting statement

それ

sore — That; it; refers to something previously mentioned

書く

kaku — To write; to compose text or characters

引き受け

hikiuke — Undertaking; accepting responsibility for a task

以上

ijō — More than; above; since; given that; that is all

彼

kare — He; him; refers to a male third person

より

yori — Than; from; comparative or starting-point particle

優れ

sugure — To excel; to be superior; connective form of 優れる

あるいは

aruiwa — Or; alternatively; either one of two options

親切

shinsetsu — Kindness; friendliness; being considerate to others

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjective to noun

精神

seishin — Spirit; mind; mental attitude; inner disposition

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause

行う

okonau — To carry out; to perform; to conduct an action

でき

deki — Can; to be able to; potential form of する

なかっ

nakatt — Past negative base form meaning was not able

と

to — Quotation particle; and; with; conditional connector

考え

kangae — Thought; idea; to think; connective noun form

おり

ori — Humble form of いる meaning to be or exist

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition to that

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle linking nouns

能力

nōryoku — Ability; capability; skill; competence in something

及ぶ

oyobu — To reach; to extend to; to attain a level

限り

kagiri — As far as; limit; as long as; to the extent

生き生き

ikiiki — Vividly; lively; full of energy and vitality

し

shi — Connective verb form; and; also; lists reasons

真実

shinjitsu — Truth; reality; genuine fact or sincerity

効果

kōka — Effect; result; impact; efficacy of something

もっ

mott — Connective form of 持つ meaning to have or hold

いる

iru — To be; to exist; indicates ongoing action or state

それゆえ

soreyue — Therefore; for that reason; consequently

著者

chosha — Author; writer; person who wrote a work

一言

hitokoto — A word; brief remark; one statement or comment

変える

kaeru — To change; to alter; to modify something

序文

jobun — Preface; foreword; introductory statement of a book

再出版

saishuppan — Republication; reissuing a previously published work

せ

se — Causative verb stem; make someone do something

ざる

zaru — Negative archaic form; must; cannot avoid doing

得

e — Can; able to; potential; must in ざるを得ない

3月

sangatsu — March; the third month of the year

30日

sanjūnichi — The 30th day of a month

目次

mokuji — Table of contents; index listing of chapter titles

税関

zeikan — Customs office; government agency inspecting imports

緋文字

himonji — The scarlet letter; red embroidered letter A

牢獄

rōgoku — Prison; jail; place of confinement and punishment

扉

tobira — Door; gate; title page of a book chapter

市場

ichiba / shijō — Market; marketplace; place of trade or commerce

認識

ninshiki — Recognition; awareness; understanding; acknowledgment

面会

menkai — Meeting; interview; visiting someone in person

針仕事

harishigoto — Needlework; sewing; embroidery done by hand

する

suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb

知事

chiji — Governor; head of a prefectural or state government

館

yakata / kan — Hall; mansion; large official or stately building

妖精

yōsei — Fairy; elf; supernatural magical creature

子

ko — Child; small being; offspring or young person

牧師

bokushi — Pastor; minister; Protestant Christian clergyman

その

sono — That; the; demonstrative modifying a following noun

患者

kanja — Patient; person receiving medical treatment

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; spirit; inner feelings and emotions

内側

uchigawa — Inside; inner side; interior of something

徹夜

tetsuya — All-night vigil; staying up through the entire night

別

betsu — Different; separate; another; distinct from before

一面

ichimen — One aspect; one side; front page; another facet

医師

ishi — Doctor; physician; licensed medical professional

森

mori — Forest; woods; dense area of trees

散歩

sanpo — Walk; stroll; leisurely walking outdoors

信徒

shinto — Believer; follower; member of a religious congregation

陽光

yōkō — Sunlight; rays of sunshine; bright solar illumination

氾濫

hanran — Flood; overflow; inundation; spreading uncontrollably

小川

ogawa — Stream; brook; small flowing body of water

ほとり

hotori — Beside; bank; vicinity near water or a place

子供

kodomo — Child; children; young person not yet an adult

迷宮

meikyū — Labyrinth; maze; bewildering complex situation

中

naka — Inside; middle; among; within a space or group

祝日

shukujitsu — Holiday; national celebration day; public festivity

行列

gyōretsu — Procession; parade; line of people marching together

啓示

keiji — Revelation; divine disclosure; sudden enlightening insight

結論

ketsuron — Conclusion; final judgment; closing argument or summary

挿絵

sashie — Illustration; picture inserted within a book's text

一覧

ichiran — List; overview; summary table; at-a-glance reference

よる

yoru — By; due to; based on; attributed to a person

描画

byōga — Drawing; illustration; depicting images artistically

版刻

hankoku — Engraving; carving images onto a printing plate

装飾

sōshoku — Decoration; ornament; embellishment of an object

的

teki — Suffix meaning -like, -ish, or pertaining to something

頭飾り

kashirakazari — Headpiece; decorative ornament worn on the head