The Scarlet Letter — Page 15

Vocabulary

この

kono — This (adjective modifying a noun nearby)

二人

futari — Two people; a pair of persons

の

no — Possessive or attributive particle

真摯

shinshi — Sincere, earnest, and serious in attitude

で

de — Particle indicating means, location, or cause

精力的

seiryokuteki — Energetic, vigorous, and full of vitality

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns

人物

jinbutsu — A person; a notable individual or character

によって

ni yotte — By means of; through the agency of someone

町

machi — Town; a local neighborhood or urban district

最も

mottomo — Most; to the greatest degree or extent

初期

shoki — Early period; initial stage of something

幼年期

younenki — Early childhood; the period of young childhood

と

to — And; with; quotation particle

少年期

shounenki — Boyhood; the period of youth and adolescence

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or location

深く

fukaku — Deeply; to a profound or great depth

根

ne — Root; the underground base of a plant

を

wo — Object marker particle in Japanese grammar

下ろし

oroshi — Put down; lower something; set roots down

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb ending

一族

ichizoku — A clan; an entire family or kinship group

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting sentence subject

以来

irai — Since then; ever since a certain point in time

ずっと

zutto — Continuously; all along; the whole time

ここ

koko — Here; this place nearby the speaker

生き

iki — Live; to be alive (stem form of ikiru)

続け

tsuzuke — Continue doing; keep on (stem of tsuzukeru)

て

te — Te-form connective particle linking verb clauses

き

ki — Auxiliary indicating action continuing to present

常に

tsune ni — Always; at all times; constantly without exception

品位

hini — Dignity; grace; honorable quality of character

保ち

tamochi — Maintain; keep; preserve something over time

私

watashi — I; the first-person singular pronoun

知る

shiru — To know; to be aware of something

限り

kagiri — As far as; to the extent of; limit

一人

hitori — One person; alone; a single individual

恥ず

hazu — To feel shame; to be ashamed (archaic form)

べき

beki — Should; ought to; expressing moral obligation

成員

seiin — A member; constituent individual of a group

辱め

hazukashime — Disgrace; humiliation; act of shaming someone

られ

rare — Passive auxiliary indicating something was done to subject

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns

も

mo — Also; even; either; inclusive particle

なかっ

nakatta (stem) — Did not exist; was not (negative past stem)

しかし

shikashi — However; but; introduces a contrasting statement

その

sono — That; the (adjective for something previously mentioned)

一方

ippou — On the other hand; one side; meanwhile

最初

saisho — The first; the beginning; at the very start

二

ni — Two; the number 2

世代

sedai — Generation; a cohort of people born around same time

以降

ikou — From … onward; after a certain point in time

記憶

kioku — Memory; recollection of past events or facts

残る

nokoru — To remain; to be left behind; to survive

よう

you — So as to; in order to; it seems that

行い

okonai — Conduct; behavior; one's deeds or actions

する

suru — To do; to perform an action or activity

世間

seken — Society; the public; the world at large

注目

chuumoku — Attention; notice; public interest or focus

求める

motomeru — To seek; to request; to desire something

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; mostly; hardly; nearly all of something

徐々に

jojo ni — Gradually; slowly; little by little over time

彼ら

karera — They; them; a group of people (usually male)

人目

hitome — Public eye; others' gaze; attention from people

ない

nai — Negative auxiliary; does not; is not present

ところ

tokoro — Place; location; point in time or situation

へ

e — Directional particle indicating movement toward somewhere

沈ん

shizun — Sink; submerge; go down (stem of shizumu)

いっ

it(te) — Go (contracted te-form of iku, indicating progression)

まるで

marude — Just like; as if; exactly as though something

街

machi — Town; city street; urban area or district

あちこち

achikochi — Here and there; various places; all around

ある

aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate objects or places)

古い

furui — Old; aged; not new; having existed long

家々

ieie — Houses; many homes; various dwellings throughout area

が

ga — Subject marker particle in a Japanese sentence

新た

arata — Fresh; new; renewed (na-adjective form)

積もっ

tsumot(te) — Accumulate; pile up (stem of tsumoru)

土

tsuchi — Soil; earth; dirt; ground material

軒

noki — Eaves; roof overhang of a traditional building

途中

tochuu — Midway; on the way; in the middle of something

まで

made — Until; up to; as far as a point

埋もれ

umore — Be buried; become submerged under something (stem)

しまう

shimau — End up doing; complete an action (often regrettably)

百年

hyakunen — One hundred years; a century of time

以上

ijou — More than; at least; above a certain amount

わたって

watatte — Over a span of; spanning across a period

父

chichi — Father; one's own dad

から

kara — From; since; because; starting point particle

息子

musuko — Son; one's male child

海

umi — Sea; ocean; large body of salt water

各

kaku — Each; every; respective (prefix before nouns)

において

ni oite — In; at; regarding; within a particular context

白髪

shiraga — White or gray hair; hair that has turned gray

船長

senchou — Ship captain; commander of a vessel at sea

船尾

senbi — Stern; the rear portion of a ship

甲板

kanpan — Deck; the flat surface on top of a ship

離れ

hanare — Leave; separate from; move away (stem of hanareru)

故郷

kokyou — Hometown; birthplace; one's home region

家

ie — House; home; one's family dwelling

引退

intai — Retirement; withdrawal from active professional life

十四

juushi — Fourteen; the number 14

歳

sai — Years old; counter for a person's age

少年

shounen — Boy; a young male; youth in early teens

帆柱

hobashira — Mast; the vertical pole supporting a ship's sail

前

mae — Before; in front of; prior to something

先祖

senzo — Ancestor; forefather; one who came before in lineage

伝来

denrai — Handed down; transmitted through generations; hereditary

持ち場

mochiba — One's post; assigned station or duty position

受け継ぎ

uketsugui — Inherit; succeed to; take over from predecessor

や

ya — And (listing particle); or; among other things

祖父

sofu — Grandfather; one's paternal or maternal grandfather

荒れ狂っ

arekurut(te) — Rage wildly; storm furiously (stem of arekuruu)

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal in nature or kind

塩

shio — Salt; sodium chloride; sea salt

飛沫

shibuki — Spray; splashing droplets of water or liquid

暴風

boufuu — Storm; violent wind; a fierce tempest at sea

立ち向かっ

tachimukut(te) — Confront; face up to; stand against adversity

また

mata — Again; also; and; moreover

やがて

yagate — Before long; soon; eventually; in due time

時

toki — Time; moment; occasion; a particular point in time

来る

kuru — To come; to arrive; to approach

船室

senshitsu — Cabin; a room or quarters inside a ship

進み

susumi — Advance; move forward; progress (stem of susumu)

波乱

haran — Turbulence; ups and downs; eventful disturbances

満ち

machi — Full of; filled with; brimming (stem of michiru)

壮年期

sounenki — Prime of life; the vigorous middle years of adulthood

過ごし

sugoshi — Spend time; pass through a period (stem of sugosu)

世界

sekai — The world; the globe; all of existence

さまよっ

samayot(te) — Wander; roam aimlessly; drift about (stem of samayou)

末

sue — End; conclusion; the latter part of a period

帰郷

kikyou — Return home; go back to one's hometown

し

shi — And; doing (conjunctive stem of suru or listing)

老い

oi — Old age; growing old; aging (noun/verb stem)

死に

shini — Die; death (stem of shinu, indicating dying)

塵

chiri — Dust; particles; fine matter; remains after death

生まれ

umare — Birth; be born; come into existence (stem)

混ぜ合わせ

mazeawase — Mix together; blend and combine multiple things

一つ

hitotsu — One; a single thing; one item

場所

basho — Place; location; a specific spot or area

誕生

tanjou — Birth; the coming into being of someone

埋葬

maisou — Burial; interment of a deceased person in earth

地

chi — Land; ground; place; location or territory

として

to shite — As; in the capacity of; serving as something

結び

musubi — Tie; bind; connect; form a bond (stem)

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; just; inadvertently; ending up doing

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings)

人

hito — Person; human being; people in general

取り巻く

torimaku — Surround; encircle; encompass someone or something

風景

fuukei — Scenery; landscape; a natural or visual scene

魅力

miryoku — Charm; attraction; appeal; captivating quality

道徳的

doutokuteki — Moral; ethical; relating to standards of right conduct

状況

joukyou — Situation; circumstances; the current state of affairs

まったく

mattaku — Completely; entirely; utterly; not at all (with negative)

無関係

mukankei — Unrelated; irrelevant; having no connection whatsoever

人間

ningen — Human being; mankind; a person as a species

土地

tochi — Land; ground; a plot or area of earth

間

aida — Between; among; interval; relationship between things

一種

isshu — A kind of; a sort of; a type of something

親縁

shinen — Kinship; affinity; familial or close relational bond

関係

kankei — Relationship; connection; association between things

生み出す

umidasu — Produce; give birth to; create something new

それ

sore — That; it; referring to something previously mentioned

愛

ai — Love; affection; deep emotional attachment to someone

なく

naku — Without; lacking; not having (connective negative form)

本能

honnou — Instinct; innate drive; natural inborn impulse