The Scarlet Letter — Page 6

Vocabulary

내

nae — My, mine; first-person possessive pronoun

고향

gohyang — Hometown, birthplace, native region

반세기

bansegi — Half a century, fifty years

전

jeon — Before, ago, previous time

옛

yet — Old, former, of the past

왕의

wang-ui — Of the king, royal, belonging to king

시절에는

sijeol-eneun — During the era/period of; time topic marker

번화한

beonhwahan — Bustling, thriving, lively and prosperous

부두였던

buduyeotdeon — Which used to be a wharf/dock

곳의

got-ui — Of the place, belonging to a location

끝머리에

kkeunmeolie — At the far end, at the tip of something

그러나

geureona — However, but, nevertheless; contrasting conjunction

지금은

jigeumeun — Now, at present; current time with topic marker

썩어가는

sseogeoganeun — Rotting, decaying, gradually decomposing

목조

mokjo — Wooden construction, made of timber

창고들로

changgodeulro — With warehouses; warehouses with direction particle

가득

gadeuk — Full, filled, brimming with something

차

cha — Filled, packed; short form of 차다 (to fill)

있고

itgo — Exists and; connecting clause with existence verb

상업적

sangeopjeok — Commercial, business-related, mercantile in nature

활기의

hwalgi-ui — Of vitality, energy, liveliness; possessive form

흔적이

heunjeogi — Trace, sign, vestige; subject marker attached

거의

geoui — Almost, nearly, hardly; degree adverb

또는

ttoneun — Or, alternatively; disjunctive conjunction

전혀

jeonhyeo — Not at all, utterly none; absolute negation adverb

없는

eomneun — Nonexistent, lacking, without; modifying form

그곳에

geugose — In that place, there, at that location

어쩌면

eojjeomyeon — Perhaps, maybe, possibly; speculative adverb

부두의

budu-ui — Of the wharf/dock; possessive form of wharf

음울한

eumulhan — Gloomy, dreary, somber, melancholy in atmosphere

길이

giri — Length, distance; subject marker attached to 길

중간쯤에서

jungganjeumeseo — Around the middle, at about the halfway point

가죽을

gajugeul — Hide, leather, skin; object marker attached

내리는

naerineun — Unloading, bringing down; present modifying form

범선이나

beomseonina — A sailing ship or; sailboat with or-particle

한

han — One, a single; numeral or indefinite article

척이

cheogi — A vessel/ship (counter); subject marker attached

있을

isseul — Will exist, there will be; future modifying form

뿐이고

ppunigo — Only, merely, nothing more and; limiting form

아니면

animyeon — Or else, otherwise, if not; conditional conjunction

더

deo — More, further, additionally; comparative adverb

가까이에는

gakkaie-neun — Closer, nearby; location adverb with topic marker

장작을

jangjajeul — Firewood, split wood; object marker attached

싣고

sitgo — Loading, carrying cargo; connective gerund form

온

on — Came, arrived from; past modifying form of 오다

화물을

hwamureul — Cargo, freight, goods; object marker attached

내던지고

Throwing down, unloading carelessly; connective form

이

i — This; demonstrative pronoun or determiner

황폐한

hwangpyehan — Desolate, ruined, devastated, in ruin

말하건대

malhageon-dae — Speaking of, to say, I would say that

조수가

josuga — The tide; subject marker attached to tidal water

자주

jaju — Often, frequently, repeatedly

넘쳐흐르고

neomchyeoheureungo — Overflowing, flooding over; connective gerund form

건물들이

geonmuldeuri — Buildings; plural subject form of building

늘어선

neureoseon — Lined up, standing in a row

아래쪽과

araejjokgwa — Lower side and; below with connective particle

뒤편을

dwipyeoneul — The back side, rear area; object marker attached

따라

ttara — Along, following, according to

무성하지

museonghaJi — Not lush, not thriving; negation base form

못한

mothan — Unable to, failing to; negative modifying form

풀의

pul-ui — Of grass, of weeds; possessive form of grass

경계

gyeonggye — Boundary, border, limit, demarcation line

속에

soge — Inside, within, amid; locative particle

세월의

sewol-ui — Of time, of the years; possessive of time's passage

새겨진

saegyeojin — Engraved, carved, imprinted; past modifying form

여기

yeogi — Here, this place; locative pronoun

정면

jeongmyeon — Front face, facade, directly facing side

창문에서

changmuneseo — From the window; ablative particle on window

그다지

geudaji — Not so much, not very; degree adverb with negation

활기차지

hwalgichaji — Not lively, lacking vitality; negation base form

전망을

jeonmangeul — View, outlook, prospect; object marker attached

내려다보고

naeryeodabogo — Looking down upon, overlooking; connective gerund

그

geu — That, the; demonstrative determiner or pronoun

너머로

neomeoro — Beyond, over, across; directional particle

항구를

hanggureul — The harbor, port; object marker attached

바라보며

barabomyeo — Gazing at, looking toward; simultaneous connective

넓은

neolbeun — Wide, broad, spacious; modifying adjective form

벽돌

byeokdol — Brick, fired clay building block

건물

geonmul — Building, structure, edifice

하나가

hanaga — One, a single one; subject marker attached

서

seo — Standing; connective form of 서다 (to stand)

있다

itda — To exist, to be, to have; existence verb

지붕의

jibung-ui — Of the roof; possessive form of roof

가장

gajang — Most, the very most; superlative adverb

높은

nopeun — High, tall, elevated; modifying adjective form

꼭대기에서

kkokdaegieso — From the very top, at the peak

매일

maeil — Every day, daily, each day

오전

ojeon — Morning, AM, before noon

정확히

jeonghwakhi — Exactly, precisely, accurately

세

se — Three; numeral used with counters

시간

sigan — Hour, time, period of time

반

ban — Half; half of a unit or quantity

동안

dong-an — During, for a duration, while a period lasts

바람이

barami — Wind; subject marker attached to wind

불거나

bulgeona — Whether blowing or; conditional alternative form

고요하거나

goyohageona — Whether calm or; still/quiet conditional alternative

간에

gane — Regardless of, whether or; concessive particle

공화국의

gonghwaguk-ui — Of the republic; possessive form of republic

깃발이

gitbari — The flag, banner; subject marker attached

펄럭이거나

peolleogigeo-na — Whether fluttering or; flag-waving alternative form

축

chuk — Droopingly, limply; adverb describing hanging down

늘어져

neureojyeo — Hanging down, drooping; connective gerund form

열세

yeolse — Thirteen; the number thirteen

개의

gae-ui — Of [counter for objects]; possessive numeral counter

줄무늬가

julmuniga — Stripes; subject marker attached to stripe

수평이

supyeongi — Horizontal; level plane with subject marker

아닌

anin — Not being, other than; negative modifying form

수직으로

sujigeuro — Vertically, perpendicularly; adverb of direction

돌려져

dollyeojyeo — Turned, rotated; passive connective gerund form

있어

isseo — Being, existing; informal connective existence form

이곳에

igose — In this place, here; locative particle attached

아저씨

ajeossi — Uncle, mister; term for middle-aged man

정부의

jeonbu-ui — Of the government; possessive form of government

민간

mingan — Civilian, civil, non-military sector

기관이

gigwani — An institution, agency, organ; subject marker attached

군사

gunsa — Military, armed forces, martial affairs

것이

geosi — Thing, fact; subject marker attached to nominalizer

설치되어

seolchidoeeo — Being installed, established; passive connective form

있음을

isseumEul — The fact of existing; nominalized object form

나타낸다

natanaenda — Indicates, shows, represents, makes apparent

정면은

jeongmyeoneun — The facade, front face; topic marker attached

대여섯

daeyeoseot — Five or six, approximately five to six

기둥으로

gidungeuro — With columns/pillars; instrumental particle attached

이루어진

irueojin — Composed of, consisting of; past modifying form

현관으로

hyeongwaneuro — With an entrance/porch; instrumental particle attached

장식되어

jangsicdoeeo — Decorated, adorned; passive connective gerund form

있으며

isseumyeo — And there is; simultaneous connective existence form

발코니를

balkoniReul — The balcony; object marker attached to balcony

받치고

Supporting, propping up; connective gerund form

아래로

araero — Downward, below; directional particle attached

화강암

hwagangam — Granite; hard igneous rock used in construction

계단이

gyedani — The staircase, steps; subject marker attached

거리를

georireul — The street, road; object marker attached

향해

hyanghae — Toward, facing, in the direction of

내려간다

naeryeoganda — Goes down, descends; present tense declarative form