The Social Cancer: A Complete English Version of Noli Me Tangere — Page 9

Vocabulary

Esto

This; used to refer to something nearby or mentioned.

en

In, on, at; common Spanish preposition of location.

el

The; masculine singular definite article in Spanish.

transcriptor

Transcriber; person who copies or transcribes documents.

dominico

Dominican; relating to the Dominican religious order.

del

Of the; contraction of 'de' and 'el'.

registro

Register, record; official document or log of entries.

ha

Has; third-person singular present perfect auxiliary verb.

añadido

Added; past participle of añadir, to add something.

una

A, an; feminine singular indefinite article in Spanish.

nota

Note; short written comment or annotation in a document.

muy

Very; adverb intensifying adjectives or other adverbs.

esclarecedora

Illuminating, clarifying; shedding light on something.

que

That, which, who; relative pronoun or conjunction.

revela

Reveals; third-person singular of revelar, to disclose.

la

The; feminine singular definite article in Spanish.

inmutabilidad

Immutability; quality of being unchangeable or constant.

sistema

System; organized set of principles, rules, or methods.

y

And; basic coordinating conjunction joining elements.

demuestra

Demonstrates, shows; third-person singular of demostrar.

los

The; masculine plural definite article in Spanish.

gobernantes

Rulers, governors; those who hold governmental power.

poseían

Possessed, had; imperfect tense of poseer, to possess.

grado

Degree, grade; level or extent of a quality.

superlativo

Superlative; highest degree or extreme form of something.

rasgo

Trait, feature; characteristic quality of a person.

borbónico

Bourbon; relating to the Bourbon royal dynasty.

de

Of, from; common Spanish preposition indicating origin.

no

No, not; negation word in Spanish sentences.

aprender

To learn; infinitive verb meaning to acquire knowledge.

nada

Nothing; pronoun meaning not anything at all.

olvidar

To forget; infinitive verb meaning to cease remembering.

Incluso

Even, including; adverb adding emphasis or inclusion.

cuando

When; conjunction or adverb relating to time.

era

Was; imperfect tense of ser, describing past state.

misionero

Missionary; person sent to spread religious beliefs abroad.

entre

Between, among; preposition indicating position or relation.

paganos

Pagans; people who do not follow an Abrahamic religion.

a

To, at; preposition indicating direction or destination.

tuve

I had; preterite first-person singular of tener.

ocasión

Occasion, opportunity; favorable moment or circumstance.

observar

To observe; infinitive meaning to watch or notice carefully.

dicha

Said, aforementioned; adjective referring to something mentioned.

política

Policy, politics; course of action adopted by authority.

informar

To inform; infinitive meaning to give information to someone.

al

To the; contraction of 'a' and 'el'.

jefe

Chief, boss, leader; person in charge of a group.

fortaleza

Fortress, fort; strongly built defensive military structure.

las

The; feminine plural definite article in Spanish.

medidas

Measures, steps; actions taken to achieve a goal.

debía

Should, ought to; imperfect of deber, expressing obligation.

tomar

To take; infinitive verb meaning to grasp or adopt.

hacer

To do, to make; common infinitive verb of action.

falsa

False; adjective meaning untrue, deceptive, or fake.

demostración

Demonstration; act of showing or proving something publicly.

otro

Other, another; adjective referring to a different one.

bando

Side, faction; group opposing another in a conflict.

para

For, in order to; preposition expressing purpose or goal.

pudiera

Could, might; past subjunctive of poder, expressing possibility.

influir

To influence; infinitive meaning to have effect on someone.

Así

Thus, so, this way; adverb indicating manner or result.

se

Reflexive pronoun; used with verbs for reflexive actions.

destaca

Stands out, highlights; third-person of destacar.

claramente

Clearly; adverb meaning in a clear or obvious manner.

como

As, like, how; conjunction or adverb of comparison.

un

A, an; masculine singular indefinite article in Spanish.

construido

Built, constructed; past participle of construir.

mantenido

Maintained, kept; past participle of mantener.

mediante

By means of, through; preposition indicating method used.

fraude

Fraud, deceit; wrongful deception for personal gain.

fuerza

Force, strength; power used to compel or overcome resistance.

destinado

Destined, intended; adjective meaning designated for a purpose.

por

By, for, through; versatile preposition of cause or means.

naturaleza

Nature; essential character or the natural world.

cosas

Things; plural of cosa, referring to objects or matters.

durar

To last, to endure; infinitive meaning to continue over time.

únicamente

Only, solely; adverb meaning exclusively or just one thing.

mientras

While, as long as; conjunction indicating simultaneous duration.

mantenerse

To maintain itself, sustain; reflexive infinitive of mantener.

engaño

Deception, deceit; act of misleading or tricking someone.

represiva

Repressive; adjective describing suppression of freedom.

conservara

Preserved, kept; past subjunctive of conservar.

suficiente

Sufficient, enough; adequate amount or degree of something.

vigor

Vigor, strength; active physical or mental energy or force.

Su

His, her, its, their; third-person possessive adjective.

mantenimiento

Maintenance; act of keeping something in working condition.

exigía

Required, demanded; imperfect of exigir, to demand.

diferentes

Different; adjective meaning distinct or varied in nature.

secciones

Sections; parts or divisions of a larger whole.

estuvieran

Were; past subjunctive of estar, expressing temporary state.

aisladas

Isolated; adjective meaning separated from others.

sí

Themselves; reflexive pronoun used after a preposition.

desarrollarse

To develop; reflexive infinitive meaning to grow or progress.

ningún

No, none, not any; adjective expressing total negation.

avance

Advance, progress; forward movement or improvement made.

hacia

Toward; preposition indicating direction or orientation.

entendimiento

Understanding; mutual comprehension or agreement between parties.

común

Common, shared; adjective meaning belonging to all.

cooperación

Cooperation; working together toward a shared goal.

su

Its, his, her; possessive adjective for third person.

permanencia

Permanence; quality of lasting or remaining unchanged.

dependía

Depended; imperfect of depender, indicating reliance on something.

mantener

To maintain, keep; infinitive meaning to sustain a condition.

pueblo

People, town; community or population of a place.

ignorante

Ignorant; lacking knowledge or awareness about something.

satisfecho

Satisfied, content; adjective meaning pleased with one's situation.

con

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means.

suerte

Luck, fate; fortune or lot assigned to a person.

sujeto

Subject, subjected; held under control or authority.

estricto

Strict; adjective meaning rigorously enforced or demanding.

control

Control; power to direct or regulate someone or something.

temor

Fear, dread; feeling of anxiety about danger or harm.

religioso

Religious; relating to religion or spiritual belief.

político

Political; relating to government, policy, or public affairs.

Sin

Without; preposition indicating absence of something.

embargo

Embargo; used in 'sin embargo' meaning nevertheless or however.

supuso

Supposed, represented; preterite of suponer, to mean or imply.

gran

Great, big; adjective meaning large or significant in scale.

mejora

Improvement; betterment or positive change in a situation.

respecto

Regard, respect; used in 'respecto a' meaning with regard to.

antiguo

Ancient, old; adjective describing something from the past.

modo

Way, manner, mode; method or style of doing something.

vida

Life; state of being alive or one's way of living.

condición

Condition, status; state or circumstance of a person.

mejoró

Improved; preterite third-person of mejorar, to get better.

medida

Measure; degree or extent, as in 'en la medida'.

fueron

Were, went; preterite of ser or ir in third person.

adaptándose

Adapting; gerund reflexive of adaptar, adjusting to something.

tal

Such, such a; adjective or pronoun indicating similarity.