The Social Cancer: A Complete English Version of Noli Me Tangere — Page 4

Vocabulary

Não

Negation word meaning no or not

havia

There was or there were; past form of haver

nenhum

None, no, not any; negative determiner

organizado

Organized; arranged in a structured manner

a

Feminine definite article meaning the

ser

To be; fundamental verb expressing identity or essence

vencido

Defeated, overcome, or conquered

consistindo

Consisting of; being composed or made up of

as

Feminine plural definite article meaning the

religiosas

Religious; relating to religion or spiritual practice

primitivas

Primitive; early, basic, or undeveloped in nature

quase

Almost, nearly; not quite but close to

inteiramente

Entirely, completely, wholly without exception

em

In, at, on; common Portuguese preposition

ocasionais

Occasional; happening from time to time, not regular

por

By, for, through; versatile Portuguese preposition

uma

Feminine indefinite article meaning a or an

velha

Old woman; elderly female person

que

That, which, who; common relative pronoun

desempenhava

Performed, carried out a role or function

funções

Functions, roles, duties performed by someone

de

Of, from; extremely common Portuguese preposition

intérprete

Interpreter; one who explains or mediates meaning

dos

Contraction of de and os meaning of the

poderes

Powers; forces, abilities, or authorities

invisíveis

Invisible; unable to be seen, hidden from sight

e

And; basic coordinating conjunction

principal

Main, principal, most important among several

no

Contraction of em and o meaning in the

banquete

Banquet; a large formal or ceremonial feast

Com

With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means

o

Masculine definite article meaning the

seu

His, her, its, your; possessive pronoun or adjective

zelo

Zeal, dedication, diligent care in doing something

sua

His, her, its, your; feminine possessive adjective

organização

Organization; structured arrangement of people or activities

suas

His, her, their; feminine plural possessive adjective

elaboradas

Elaborate, detailed, carefully developed or worked out

formas

Forms, shapes, ways or manners of doing something

cerimônias

Ceremonies; formal events or rituals performed officially

os

Masculine plural definite article meaning the

missionários

Missionaries; people sent to spread religious beliefs abroad

conseguiram

Managed to, succeeded in doing something attempted

ganhar

To gain, win, or earn something

confiança

Trust, confidence; belief in someone's reliability

nativos

Natives; people originally from a particular place

especialmente

Especially, particularly, above all others

porque

Because; conjunction explaining reason or cause

maior

Greater, larger, bigger; comparative of grande

parte

Part, portion, share of a whole

deles

Of them; contraction of de and eles

aprendeu

Learned, acquired knowledge or a skill

língua

Language, tongue; system of communication of a people

local

Local; relating to a particular place or area

identificou

Identified; recognized or associated closely with something

vidas

Lives; plural of vida, the course of living

comunidades

Communities; groups of people living together or sharing interests

sob

Under, beneath; preposition indicating position below

cuidados

Care, attention, supervision given to someone or something

Assim

Thus, so, in this way; adverb of manner

sendo

Being; gerund of ser used in continuous constructions

povo

People, population, folk of a nation or community

acolheu

Welcomed, received, accepted someone warmly

favoravelmente

Favorably; in a positive or approving manner

novos

New; recently arrived or not previously known

mestres

Masters, teachers; those with authority or expertise

governantes

Rulers, governors; those who govern or lead

modo

Way, manner, mode of doing something

menos

Less, fewer; comparative of little or few

geração

Generation; a group of people born around same time

autoridade

Authority; power or right to give orders

espanhola

Spanish; relating to Spain or the Spanish people

era

Was; past imperfect tense of ser

geralmente

Generally, usually, in most cases or situations

reconhecida

Recognized, acknowledged, accepted as legitimate

nas

Contraction of em and as meaning in the

partes

Parts, areas, sections of a larger whole

povoadas

Populated, inhabited; having residents or settlers

das

Contraction of de and as meaning of the

nos

Contraction of em and os meaning in the

anos

Years; units of time equal to twelve months

seguintes

Following, subsequent; coming directly after

foram

Were, went; past tense of ir or ser

gradualmente

Gradually; slowly and steadily over time

estendendo

Extending, expanding outward over a wider area

esta

This; feminine demonstrative adjective or pronoun

área

Area, zone, region of land or space

formando

Forming, creating, establishing something new

entre

Between, among; preposition of position or relation

povos

Peoples, nations; distinct ethnic or cultural groups

mais

More, most; comparative or superlative adverb

selvagens

Savage, wild; uncivilized or fierce people or animals

aos

Contraction of a and os meaning to the

quais

Which, whom; plural relative or interrogative pronoun

persuadiram

Persuaded, convinced someone to do something

abandonar

To abandon, give up, leave behind permanently

aspectos

Aspects, features, dimensions of something

da

Contraction of de and a meaning of the

antiga

Ancient, old, former; existing from a long time ago

vida

Life; the existence and experience of a living being

errante

Wandering, roaming; moving without fixed destination

frequentemente

Frequently, often; happening many times regularly

se

Reflexive pronoun; oneself, themselves, each other

cidades

Cities; large urban centers of population

vilas

Towns, villages; small settlements or municipalities

sino

Bell; a metal instrument that rings when struck