The Social Cancer: A Complete English Version of Noli Me Tangere — Page 9

Vocabulary

此

cǐ — This; referring to something previously mentioned.

为

wéi — To be; to act as; serves as a verb or preposition.

之

zhī — Possessive particle; of; classical Chinese function word.

记录

jìlù — Record; to document or log information.

的

de — Possessive or attributive particle; modifies nouns.

抄录者

chāolùzhě — Copyist; person who transcribes or copies documents.

在

zài — At; in; on; indicates location or ongoing action.

上

shàng — Above; on top of; used directionally or positionally.

添加

tiānjiā — To add; to append something extra to existing content.

了

le — Aspect particle indicating completed action or change.

一条

yī tiáo — One item; measure word for long or strip-shaped things.

极具

jí jù — Extremely possessing; having a very high degree of.

启发性

qǐfāxìng — Enlightening; having the quality of inspiring new understanding.

注释

zhùshì — Annotation; explanatory note added to a text.

揭示

jiēshì — To reveal; to expose or make something clear.

该

gāi — That; the said; referring to a previously mentioned subject.

制度

zhìdù — System; institution; an established set of rules or practices.

不变性

bùbiànxìng — Immutability; the quality of remaining unchanged over time.

并

bìng — And; moreover; simultaneously connecting two clauses.

表明

biǎomíng — To indicate; to make clear or demonstrate something.

统治者

tǒngzhìzhě — Ruler; one who governs or holds political authority.

极高

jí gāo — Extremely high; to a very great degree.

程度

chéngdù — Degree; extent; level of something.

具有

jùyǒu — To possess; to have a particular quality or characteristic.

式

shì — Style; type; suffix indicating a particular manner or form.

特质

tèzhì — Trait; distinctive characteristic or quality of someone.

既

jì — Both; already; used in paired constructions with 也.

不

bù — Not; negation particle used before verbs and adjectives.

学习

xuéxí — To study; to learn or acquire knowledge and skills.

任何

rènhé — Any; whatever; used in negative or conditional sentences.

东西

dōngxi — Thing; stuff; an object or abstract concept.

也

yě — Also; too; additionally; used for parallel statements.

忘记

wàngjì — To forget; to fail to remember something.

即便

jíbiàn — Even if; even though; concessive conjunction.

是

shì — To be; copula linking subject and predicate.

至

zhì — To; until; reaching a point in time or space.

我

wǒ — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

作为

zuòwéi — As; in the capacity of; serving in a particular role.

传教士

chuánjiàoshì — Missionary; person sent to spread religious faith abroad.

向

xiàng — Toward; to; indicating direction of action.

异教徒

yìjiàotú — Pagan; heathen; one who does not follow mainstream religion.

传教

chuánjiào — To evangelize; to spread religious teachings to others.

期间

qījiān — During; period of time; within a specific timeframe.

曾

céng — Once; formerly; indicates past experience or occurrence.

有

yǒu — To have; there is/are; indicates existence or possession.

机会

jīhuì — Opportunity; chance; favorable circumstance for doing something.

观察

guānchá — To observe; to watch carefully and study something.

上述

shàngshù — Above-mentioned; referring to what was previously stated.

政策

zhèngcè — Policy; a set of principles guiding decisions and actions.

要塞

yàosài — Fortress; a strongly fortified military structure or place.

长官

zhǎngguān — Commander; senior official in charge of a unit.

告知

gàozhī — To inform; to notify someone of something formally.

他

tā — He; him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.

应当

yīngdāng — Should; ought to; expresses moral or logical obligation.

采取

cǎiqǔ — To adopt; to take measures or actions toward a goal.

措施

cuòshī — Measures; steps taken to achieve a specific outcome.

另一方面

lìng yī fāngmiàn — On the other hand; presenting a contrasting perspective.

制造

zhìzào — To manufacture; to create or produce something deliberately.

假象

jiǎxiàng — False impression; illusion created to deceive others.

使

shǐ — To cause; to make; to enable a result to happen.

其

qí — Its; his; her; classical third-person possessive pronoun.

对

duì — Toward; regarding; directed at a person or thing.

产生

chǎnshēng — To produce; to generate; to bring about an effect.

影响

yǐngxiǎng — Influence; impact; effect on someone or something.

由此可见

yóucǐ kějiàn — From this it can be seen; therefore it is evident.

这一

zhè yī — This particular; used to highlight a specific point.

鲜明

xiānmíng — Vivid; clear; strikingly distinct or obvious.

地

de — Adverbial particle; links adverbs or adverbial phrases to verbs.

呈现

chéngxiàn — To present; to display or show something clearly.

一个

yī gè — One; a single; general measure word for people or things.

依靠

yīkào — To rely on; to depend upon for support or existence.

欺诈

qīzhà — Fraud; deception; the act of cheating others dishonestly.

与

yǔ — And; with; connecting nouns or noun phrases together.

强力

qiánglì — Force; power; using strength or coercion to achieve ends.

建立

jiànlì — To establish; to found or set up a system or institution.

维持

wéichí — To maintain; to keep something in its current state.

体系

tǐxì — System; a structured and organized set of interconnected parts.

按

àn — According to; based on; following a principle or rule.

本质

běnzhì — Essence; intrinsic nature; fundamental quality of something.

必然

bìrán — Inevitably; necessarily; bound to happen without exception.

只能

zhǐ néng — Can only; the sole available option or method.

欺骗

qīpiàn — To deceive; to trick someone into believing a falsehood.

得以

déyǐ — To be able to; enabling or allowing something to happen.

持续

chíxù — To continue; to persist over a period of time.

镇压

zhènyā — To suppress; to crush opposition by force.

力量

lìliàng — Strength; power; physical or institutional force.

保持

bǎochí — To maintain; to keep something in a particular state.

足够

zúgòu — Sufficient; enough; meeting the required amount or level.

强大

qiángdà — Powerful; strong; having great strength or influence.

情况

qíngkuàng — Situation; condition; the state of affairs at a time.

下

xià — Under; below; beneath; indicates a condition or context.

才能

cáinéng — Only then can; ability requiring a prior condition to be met.

延续

yánxù — To continue; to extend in duration or over time.

要求

yāoqiú — To require; to demand; a necessary condition or request.

各

gè — Each; every; all individual members of a group.

地区

dìqū — Region; area; a geographic zone or district.

相互

xiānghù — Mutual; reciprocal; occurring between two or more parties.

隔绝

géjué — To isolate; to cut off from contact with others.

无法

wúfǎ — Unable to; impossible to; lacking the means to do.

形成

xíngchéng — To form; to develop into a shape or established state.

共同

gòngtóng — Common; shared; belonging to or involving multiple parties.

理解

lǐjiě — Understanding; comprehension of ideas or situations.

合作

hézuò — Cooperation; working together toward a shared goal.

而

ér — But; and; yet; transitional conjunction linking clauses.

长久

chángjiǔ — Long-lasting; for a prolonged period of time.

存续

cúnxù — To survive and continue; ongoing existence over time.

则

zé — Then; in that case; a conditional or contrastive connector.

有赖于

yǒulài yú — Depends on; relies upon for its realization or success.

民众

mínzhòng — The populace; ordinary people; the general public.

蒙昧

méngmèi — Ignorant; uncivilized; kept in a state of darkness.

安于现状

ān yú xiànzhuàng — Content with the status quo; accepting things as they are.

通过

tōngguò — Through; by means of; using as a method or channel.

宗教

zōngjiào — Religion; an organized system of spiritual beliefs and practices.

政治

zhèngzhì — Politics; activities related to governance and power.

恐惧

kǒngjù — Fear; terror; a strong emotion of being afraid.

实施

shíshī — To implement; to carry out a plan or policy in practice.

严格

yángé — Strict; rigorous; enforcing rules without leniency.

控制

kòngzhì — To control; to regulate or restrain something or someone.

然而

rán'ér — However; nevertheless; introduces a contrasting statement.

他们

tāmen — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

旧有

jiùyǒu — Former; pre-existing; relating to what existed before.

生活方式

shēnghuó fāngshì — Way of life; lifestyle; the manner in which one lives.

相比

xiāngbǐ — Compared to; in comparison with something else.

这

zhè — This; a demonstrative pronoun indicating something nearby.

毕竟

bìjìng — After all; in the end; when everything is considered.

一大

yī dà — A great; a significant; used before nouns indicating magnitude.

进步

jìnbù — Progress; advancement; improvement in condition or ability.

随着

suízhe — Along with; as; following or accompanying a change.

成长

chéngzhǎng — To grow up; to develop and mature over time.

境况

jìngkuàng — Circumstances; one's situation or living conditions.

有所

yǒu suǒ — To some extent; somewhat; indicating partial change or degree.

改善

gǎishàn — To improve; to make better; enhancement of a situation.