The Social Cancer: A Complete English Version of Noli Me Tangere — Page 13

Vocabulary

在

zài — At, in, on; indicates location or ongoing action

那些

nà xiē — Those; referring to plural things or people

与

yǔ — And, with; connecting nouns or clauses

文明

wén míng — Civilization; advanced human culture and society

潮流

cháo liú — Trend, current; prevailing tendency in society

接触

jiē chù — To contact, come into touch with something

更为

gèng wéi — Even more; to a greater degree

密切

mì qiē — Close, intimate; having a tight connection

更易

gèng yì — More easily; with greater ease

受

shòu — To receive, be subjected to an influence

宗主国

zōng zhǔ guó — Suzerain state; dominant colonial ruling country

革命

gé mìng — Revolution; fundamental political or social upheaval

影响

yǐng xiǎng — Influence, impact; effect on something or someone

的

de — Structural particle indicating possession or modification

地区

dì qū — Region, area; a defined geographic zone

这种

zhè zhǒng — This kind of; referring to a specific type

分离

fēn lí — Separation; the act of splitting or breaking apart

是

shì — Is, are, am; the verb 'to be'

由

yóu — By, from; indicating origin or agent

内部

nèi bù — Interior, internal; within an organization or system

产生

chǎn shēng — To produce, generate, give rise to

而

ér — But, whereas; conjunction contrasting two clauses

较为

jiào wéi — Relatively, comparatively; to a moderate degree

偏远

piān yuǎn — Remote, isolated; far from central or urban areas

地方

dì fāng — Place, locality; a specific geographic location

那

nà — That; demonstrative pronoun referring to something distant

陈旧

chén jiù — Old-fashioned, outdated; no longer current or useful

过时

guò shí — Obsolete, out of date; no longer fashionable

制度

zhì dù — System, institution; established rules and structures

则

zé — Then, however; conjunction indicating contrast or result

一直

yī zhí — Always, continuously; without interruption or change

拖延

tuō yán — To delay, procrastinate; to postpone unnecessarily

延续

yán xù — To continue, persist; to carry on over time

直到

zhí dào — Until, up to; continuing to a specific point

外部

wài bù — External, outside; coming from beyond a boundary

更

gèng — Even more; comparative degree intensifier

强大

qiáng dà — Powerful, mighty; having great strength or influence

力量

lì liàng — Force, power, strength; physical or social energy

将其

jiāng qí — To take it, will do to it; formal construction

摧毁

cuī huǐ — To destroy, demolish; to completely ruin something

为止

wéi zhǐ — Until, up to; marks the endpoint of an action

形式

xíng shì — Form, format; outward appearance or structure

原则

yuán zé — Principle, rule; fundamental guideline for behavior

固化

gù huà — To solidify, harden; to make rigid and unchanging

宗教

zōng jiào — Religion; organized system of spiritual belief

生活

shēng huó — Life, livelihood; daily living and existence

中

zhōng — In, among, within; inside a place or context

表现

biǎo xiàn — To manifest, show; outward display of something

得

de — Structural particle indicating degree or result

最为

zuì wéi — Most, to the greatest extent

突出

tū chū — Prominent, outstanding; standing out noticeably

它

tā — It; third-person pronoun for objects or animals

给

gěi — To give; for, indicating a recipient or beneficiary

套上

tào shàng — To put on, to slip over; to impose a constraint

了

le — Particle indicating completed action or change

一副

yī fù — A set of; measure word for pairs or expressions

沉重

chén zhòng — Heavy, burdensome; oppressive in weight or feeling

枷锁

jiā suǒ — Shackles, chains; constraints that restrict freedom

阻碍

zǔ ài — To obstruct, hinder; to block progress or movement

一切

yī qiè — Everything, all; the totality of things

进步

jìn bù — Progress, advancement; improvement over time

殖民地

zhí mín dì — Colony; territory controlled by a foreign power

尤其

yóu qí — Especially, particularly; more than others

菲律宾

Fēi lǜ bīn — The Philippines; Southeast Asian island nation

实际上

shí jì shàng — In reality, actually; what is truly the case

政府

zhèng fǔ — Government; the ruling administrative body

变成

biàn chéng — To become, transform into; to turn into something

一个

yī gè — One, a; basic numeral-measure word combination

面朝

miàn cháo — Facing toward; oriented in a specific direction

过去

guò qù — The past; time that has already gone by

不能

bù néng — Cannot, unable to; lacking ability or permission

或

huò — Or; conjunction presenting alternatives

不愿

bù yuàn — Unwilling, reluctant; not wanting to do something

随

suí — To follow, go along with; in accordance with

时代

shí dài — Era, age, times; a period in history

前进

qián jìn — To advance, move forward; to make progress

圣徒

shèng tú — Saints; holy persons venerated in religion

统治

tǒng zhì — To rule, govern; to exercise authority over people

政权

zhèng quán — Political power, regime; the authority to govern

因此

yīn cǐ — Therefore, thus; as a result of this reason

当

dāng — When; at the time that something occurs

那声

nà shēng — That sound; referring to a particular noise

震惊

zhèn jīng — To shock, astonish; causing great surprise

世界

shì jiè — World; the entire earth and its inhabitants

枪响

qiāng xiǎng — Gunshot sound; the report of a fired weapon

即

jí — That is, namely; used to clarify or specify

人类

rén lèi — Humanity, humankind; all human beings collectively

自立

zì lì — Self-reliance; ability to support oneself independently

自强

zì qiáng — Self-strengthening; striving to improve oneself

权利

quán lì — Rights; entitlements belonging to individuals

宣言

xuān yán — Declaration, manifesto; a formal public statement

以其

yǐ qí — With its; using its particular quality or force

席卷

xí juǎn — To sweep across; to engulf everything rapidly

之势

zhī shì — With the momentum of; with such force or trend

传至

chuán zhì — To spread to, reach; to arrive at a destination

她

tā — She, her; third-person female pronoun

所

suǒ — Particle before verbs indicating passive or nominalizing

土地

tǔ dì — Land, territory, soil; a piece of ground

时

shí — When, at the time; temporal conjunction or noun

却

què — But, however, yet; indicates unexpected contrast

遭到

zāo dào — To encounter, suffer; to meet with something negative

当权者

dāng quán zhě — Those in power; people holding authority or control

冷漠

lěng mò — Indifferent, cold; lacking care or emotional warmth

接待

jiē dài — To receive, welcome; to greet or host someone

盲目

máng mù — Blindly, without thought; acting without understanding

拒绝

jù jué — To refuse, reject; to decline something offered

于是

yú shì — Therefore, as a result; consequently following events

只

zhǐ — Only, merely; nothing more than

剩下

shèng xià — To remain, be left over; what is left behind

一种

yī zhǒng — A kind of, a type of; one sort of something

缓慢

huǎn màn — Slow, gradual; moving or progressing without speed

隐蔽

yǐn bì — Hidden, covert; concealed from view or detection

同样

tóng yàng — Equally, likewise; in the same manner or degree

坚定

jiān dìng — Firm, resolute; steadfast and unwavering in purpose

过程

guò chéng — Process, course; a series of steps or stages

民众

mín zhòng — The people, masses; ordinary citizens of society

中间

zhōng jiān — Among, in the middle; between or within a group

潜移默化

qián yí mò huà — Subtle influence; imperceptible gradual transformation over time

地

de — Adverbial particle linking adverb to verb

传播

chuán bō — To spread, disseminate; to share widely

终将

zhōng jiāng — Will eventually; bound to happen in the end

适时

shì shí — At the right time; timely, at an opportune moment

爆发

bào fā — To break out, explode; sudden violent emergence

为

wéi — For, as; serving as or acting in a capacity

反抗

fǎn kàng — To resist, oppose; to fight against authority

并

bìng — And, furthermore; linking parallel actions or ideas

意图

yì tú — Intention, intent; a deliberate plan or purpose

压制

yā zhì — To suppress, repress; to forcibly hold down

保守

bǎo shǒu — Conservative; resistant to change, favoring tradition

势力

shì lì — Power, force, influence; a powerful group or faction

十九世纪

shí jiǔ shì jì — The nineteenth century; years 1800–1899

初叶

chū yè — Early part, beginning period; first portion of an era

托钵修士

tuō bō xiū shì — Mendicant friars; monks relying on alms to live

修会

xiū huì — Religious order; organized group of monks or nuns

已

yǐ — Already; indicates an action has been completed

达到

dá dào — To reach, achieve; to attain a goal or level

其

qí — Its, their; third-person possessive pronoun (formal)

权力

quán lì — Power, authority; ability to control or command

影响力

yǐng xiǎng lì — Influence, clout; the capacity to affect others

顶峰

dǐng fēng — Peak, summit; the highest point of achievement

他们

tā men — They, them; third-person plural pronoun

无处不在

wú chù bù zài — Omnipresent, everywhere; found in all places

广为

guǎng wéi — Widely; broadly across many areas or people

认可

rèn kě — To approve, endorse; to officially accept or sanction

这个

zhè ge — This; demonstrative pointing to a nearby thing

国家

guó jiā — Country, nation, state; a sovereign political entity

仍

réng — Still, yet; continuing as before

上个

shàng ge — Last, previous; referring to the one before current

世纪

shì jì — Century; a period of one hundred years

充满

chōng mǎn — Full of, filled with; brimming with a quality

活力

huó lì — Vitality, energy; lively and vigorous quality

锐意进取

ruì yì jìn qǔ — Ambitious and innovative; eagerly striving for advancement

施政

shī zhèng — To govern, to implement policy; exercise of administration

遗留

yí liú — To leave behind, bequeath; remaining from the past

惠泽

huì zé — Beneficence, grace; blessings or benefits bestowed

之下

zhī xià — Under, beneath; below or within a condition

繁荣

fán róng — Prosperous, flourishing; thriving economically or socially

发展

fā zhǎn — Development, growth; progress and expansion over time