The Souls of Black Folk — Page 2

Vocabulary

第三章

dai san shō — Chapter three; the third chapter of a book.

では

de wa — Well then; now; used as a transitional expression.

個人

kojin — Individual person; a single human being.

的

teki — Suffix forming adjectives meaning '-like' or '-al'.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

指導力

shidōryoku — Leadership ability; capacity to guide others.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle indicating relation.

緩やか

yuruyaka — Gradual, gentle, or slow in pace or slope.

台頭

taitō — Rise to prominence; emergence of power or influence.

を

wo — Object marker particle indicating direct object.

指摘

shiteki — Point out; indicate a problem or fact specifically.

し

shi — Conjunctive verb form connecting clauses or listing actions.

今日

kyō / konnichi — Today; the present day or era.

その

sono — That; demonstrative modifier referring to nearby thing.

民族

minzoku — Ethnic group; a people sharing culture and heritage.

最大

saidai — Greatest; largest in size, degree, or importance.

重荷

omoni — Heavy burden; a load difficult to bear.

担う

ninau — Bear or carry a burden or responsibility.

指導者

shidōsha — Leader; a person who guides or directs others.

率直

socchoku — Frank; straightforward and honest in expression.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, target, time, or manner.

批評

hihyō — Critique; evaluation or criticism of a work or person.

した

shita — Past tense of 'suru'; did, performed an action.

次

tsugi — Next; the following item or sequence in order.

他

hoka — Other; another; the rest of something.

二つ

futatsu — Two things; a count of two objects.

章

shō — Chapter; a major section of a book.

ヴェール

vēru — Veil; a covering that conceals or obscures.

内

nai / uchi — Inside; within a space, group, or boundary.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle connecting elements.

外

soto / gai — Outside; the exterior beyond a boundary.

世界

sekai — World; the entire globe or a realm of experience.

手短

temijika — Briefly; concisely in a short manner.

描き出し

egakidashi — Depicting; drawing out or portraying vividly.

そう

sō — So; that way; an expression of agreement or manner.

して

shite — Te-form of suru; doing, thus connecting actions.

人

hito / jin — Person; human being; people in general.

人生

jinsei — Human life; one's life journey or existence.

ため

tame — For the sake of; in order to achieve a purpose.

鍛える

kitaeru — Forge; train or temper oneself through hardship.

という

to iu — Called; meaning; used to define or introduce terms.

中心

chūshin — Center; core; the central point of focus.

問題

mondai — Problem; question; an issue requiring attention.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning toward or to a place.

辿り着いた

tadoritsui ta — Finally arrived at; reached after long effort.

さらに

sara ni — Furthermore; even more; additionally.

深い

fukai — Deep; profound in depth, meaning, or intensity.

詳細

shōsai — Details; minute particulars of a subject.

踏み込み

fumikomi — Stepping into; delving deeply into a topic.

黒人

kokujin — Black person; person of African descent.

農民

nōmin — Farmer; peasant; rural agricultural worker.

無数

musū — Countless; innumerable; too many to count.

群衆

gunshū — Crowd; a large mass of gathered people.

苦闘

kutō — Hard struggle; fighting through great difficulty.

考察

kōsatsu — Examination; careful consideration or analysis.

また

mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition.

別

betsu — Separate; different; another distinct thing.

主人

shujin — Master; head of household; one's husband or employer.

使用人

shiyōnin — Servant; employee in domestic or personal service.

息子

musuko — Son; a male child of a parent.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living beings.

現在

genzai — Present; current time; the state of things now.

関係

kankei — Relationship; connection between people or things.

明らか

akiraka — Clear; evident; obvious without doubt.

しよう

shiyō — Volitional form of suru; let's do; intend to do.

試み

kokoromi — Attempt; an effort to try something.

そして

soshite — And then; after that; furthermore connecting sentences.

白人

hakujin — White person; person of European descent.

離れ

hanare — Separated; apart from; moving away from.

私

watashi — I; me; the first-person singular pronoun.

は

wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence subject.

内側

uchigawa — The inner side; interior surface or perspective.

踏み入り

fumiiri — Stepping into; entering a space or subject.

それ

sore — That; it; a demonstrative pronoun for nearby things.

持ち上げる

mochiageru — Lift up; raise; elevate something physically or figuratively.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer turning verbs into nouns.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or scope.

読者

dokusha — Reader; a person who reads a text.

が

ga — Subject marker particle indicating the grammatical subject.

奥深い

okufukai — Profound; deeply interior; rich in hidden meaning.

内部

naibu — Interior; the inside of something; internal structure.

かすか

kasuka — Faint; dim; barely perceptible to the senses.

垣間見られる

kaimami rareru — Can be glimpsed; briefly seen through a gap.

よう

yō — So that; in order to; expresses purpose or appearance.

すなわち

sunawachi — That is; namely; in other words clarifying meaning.

宗教

shūkyō — Religion; a system of faith and worship.

意味

imi — Meaning; significance of a word or event.

人間

ningen — Human being; humanity; human nature in general.

悲しみ

kanashimi — Sorrow; sadness; deep emotional grief.

情熱

jōnetsu — Passion; intense enthusiasm or strong emotion.

より

yori — Than; from; comparative particle indicating degree.

偉大

idai — Great; magnificent; of exceptional importance or power.

魂

tamashii — Soul; spirit; the inner essence of a person.

これら

korera — These; plural demonstrative referring to nearby items.

すべて

subete — All; everything; the entirety of something.

二度

nido — Twice; two times; occurring on two occasions.

語られ

katarare — Told; narrated; expressed through spoken words.

書かれる

kakareru — Written; put into text in written form.

稀

mare — Rare; seldom occurring; uncommon in frequency.

物語

monogatari — Story; tale; a narrative of events or experiences.

歌

uta — Song; poem; a musical or lyrical composition.

もって

motte — With; by means of; using as a tool or method.

締めくくっ

shimekukut(te) — Concluded; wrapped up; brought to a close.

考え

kangae — Thought; idea; one's thinking or opinion.

いくつか

ikutsuka — Some; a few; an unspecified small number.

以前

izen — Before; previously; an earlier time or form.

形

katachi — Form; shape; the outward appearance of something.

世

yo — World; society; age; era of human existence.

出

de / shutsu — Going out; appearing; emerging from a place.

ある

aru — Exist; there is; to be present (inanimate).

それら

sorera — Those; plural demonstrative for previously mentioned items.

改訂

kaitei — Revision; updating a text with corrections and changes.

拡充

kakujū — Expansion; enlargement; enriching content or scope.

ここ

koko — Here; this place; the current location.

再掲載

saikēsai — Republication; printing or posting again.

する

suru — To do; to perform; general-purpose action verb.

ご快諾

go kaidaku — Gracious consent; polite word for readily granting permission.

いただい

itadai(te) — Received; humbly accepted (humble form of morau).

対し

taishi — Toward; with respect to; in relation to.

および

oyobi — And; as well as; used to connect formal items.

アメリカ

Amerika — America; the United States of America.

政治

seiji — Politics; political affairs and governance.

社会

shakai — Society; social structure and human community.

科学

kagaku — Science; systematic study of the natural world.

アカデミー

Akademī — Academy; a scholarly or artistic institution.

紀要

kiyō — Bulletin; academic journal of an institution.

出版社

shuppansha — Publisher; a company that produces books or journals.

感謝

kansha — Gratitude; thankfulness for a kindness received.

なければ

nakereba — If not; must; conditional negative expressing obligation.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when.

ならない

naranai — Must not; should not; expressing prohibition or necessity.

印刷

insatsu — Printing; the process of reproducing text on paper.

されている

sarete iru — Is being done; passive progressive state.

各章

kakushō — Each chapter; every individual chapter in a book.

前

mae — Before; in front of; prior to something.

一節

hitofushi / issetsu — A passage; a verse or section of text or music.

置かれ

okare — Placed; set; positioned (passive form of oku).

て

te — Te-form particle connecting actions or clauses.

暗い

kurai — Dark; gloomy; lacking light or cheerfulness.

過去

kako — Past; former times; history that has already occurred.

から

kara — From; because; starting point in time or place.

湧き出

wakide — Welling up; springing forth as from a source.

唯一

yuiitsu — Only; sole; the one and only thing.

音楽

ongaku — Music; organized sound as an art form.

響く

hibiku — Resound; echo; reverberate through a space.

心

kokoro — Heart; mind; one's inner emotional and mental self.

取り憑く

toritsuku — Haunt; possess; cling obsessively to someone's mind.

旋律

senritsu — Melody; a sequence of musical notes forming a tune.

こだま

kodama — Echo; a sound reflected and repeated through space.