The Thousand and One Nights, Vol. I.: Commonly Called the Arabian Nights' Entertainments — Page 9
Since the downfall of the Arab Empire of Baghdád, Cairo has been the chief of Arabian cities: its Memlook Sulṭáns, introduced into Egypt in their youth, naturally adopted, to a great degree, the manners of its native inhabitants, which the 'Osmánlee Turks in later days have but little altered.
バグダッドのアラブ帝国が崩壊して以来、カイロはアラビアの都市の中心であり続けてきた。その若き日にエジプトへ連れてこられたメムルークのスルタンたちは、当然のことながら、その土地の住民の風習を大幅に取り入れ、後の時代のオスマン朝トルコ人はそれをほとんど変えることがなかった。
Cairo is the city in which Arabian manners now exist in the most refined state; and such I believe to have been the case when the present work was composed."
カイロは現在、アラビアの風習が最も洗練された形で残る都市である。そして、本作品が書かれた当時もそのような状況であったと私は考える。」
Mr. Lane's first two visits to Egypt were made when, for the last time, Arab manners and customs as they existed in the age of the Arabian Nights could be studied; and his translation was written very shortly after his second return to England.
レーン氏がエジプトを最初の二度訪れたのは、アラビアンナイトの時代に存在したアラブの風習や慣習を研究できる最後の機会となった時期であり、彼の翻訳は二度目の帰国後ほどなくして書かれた。
Though some of the tales may be Indian or Persian in origin, in their present state they exhibit a picture of the manners, modes of thought, and language, of the court and times of the Memlook Sulṭáns of Egypt, which nearly resembled in these points those of the Khaleefehs of Baghdád, or the great Arab Empire.
いくつかの物語はインドやペルシャを起源とするものかもしれないが、現在の形においては、エジプトのメムルークのスルタンたちの宮廷とその時代の風習、思想様式、そして言語を描き出しており、それらはバグダッドのカリフたち、すなわち大アラブ帝国のそれらと多くの点で酷似していた。
De Sacy and Von Hammer, the two celebrated orientalists who differed widely in opinion as to the origin of the book, agreed that the tales in which the Khaleefeh Hároon Er-Rasheed is introduced (the best, with few exceptions, in the collection) are Egyptian in character.
サシーとフォン・ハンマーという二人の著名な東洋学者は、この書物の起源についての見解は大きく異なっていたが、カリフのハールーン・アッ＝ラシードが登場する物語（数少ない例外を除けば、この作品集の中で最も優れたもの）がエジプト的な性格を持つという点では一致していた。
But since the "Modern Egyptians" were described by Mr.
しかし「現代エジプト人」がレーン氏によって描かれて以来、
Vocabulary
- の
- no — Possessive or attributive particle connecting nouns.
- アラブ
- Arabu — Arab; relating to Arabic people or culture.
- 帝国
- teikoku — Empire; a large realm ruled by an emperor.
- が
- ga — Subject marker particle in Japanese grammar.
- 崩壊
- hōkai — Collapse; breakdown or disintegration of a structure.
- し
- shi — Conjunctive form of verb suru (to do).
- て
- te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions.
- 以来
- irai — Since; ever since a particular past point in time.
- は
- wa — Topic marker particle highlighting the sentence subject.
- アラビア
- Arabia — Arabia; the Arabian Peninsula or Arabic culture.
- 都市
- toshi — City; an urban area or metropolitan settlement.
- 中心
- chūshin — Center; the central point or hub of something.
- で
- de — Particle indicating location, means, or context.
- あり
- ari — Conjunctive form of aru (to be, to exist).
- 続け
- tsuzuke — Stem of tsuzukeru; to continue doing something.
- た
- ta — Past tense auxiliary verb; indicates completed action.
- その
- sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to nearby thing.
- 若き
- wakaki — Young; archaic adjectival form of wakai (young).
- 日
- hi — Day; a period of time or a specific day.
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or location.
- へ
- e — Directional particle indicating movement toward a destination.
- 連れ
- tsure — To bring along; accompanying someone to a place.
- られ
- rare — Passive auxiliary verb suffix; indicates being acted upon.
- たち
- tachi — Plural suffix indicating a group of people.
- 当然
- tōzen — Naturally; of course, as a matter of course.
- こと
- koto — Thing; nominalizer turning verbs into noun phrases.
- ながら
- nagara — While doing; conjunction indicating simultaneous actions.
- 土地
- tochi — Land; a piece of ground or local territory.
- 住民
- jūmin — Residents; people who live in a particular area.
- 風習
- fūshū — Customs; traditional practices or local social habits.
- を
- wo — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.
- 大幅
- ōhaba — Greatly; to a large extent or significant degree.
- 取り入れ
- toriire — To adopt or incorporate something into one's practice.
- 後
- nochi / go — After; later in time or following an event.
- 時代
- jidai — Era; a period or age in history.
- 朝
- chō — Dynasty; a ruling family or imperial lineage period.
- 人
- hito / jin — Person; human being or people of a nationality.
- それ
- sore — That; pronoun referring to something previously mentioned.
- ほとんど
- hotondo — Almost; nearly all or scarcely any of something.
- 変える
- kaeru — To change; to alter or transform something.
- なかっ
- nakatta (stem) — Past negative stem form; did not do something.
- 現在
- genzai — Present; the current time or current state of affairs.
- 最も
- mottomo — Most; the superlative degree among compared things.
- 洗練
- senren — Refinement; elegance and sophistication in style or manner.
- さ
- sa — Nominalizing suffix turning adjectives into nouns.
- れ
- re — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix form.
- 形
- katachi — Form; shape or style of something's appearance.
- 残る
- nokoru — To remain; to be left behind or survive.
- ある
- aru — To exist; to be (for inanimate objects or things).
- そして
- soshite — And then; a conjunction connecting sequential statements.
- 本
- hon / moto — Book; a bound written work or origin/basis.
- 作品
- sakuhin — Work; a creative piece such as a literary work.
- 書か
- kaka — Stem of kaku; to write (before passive/negative form).
- 当時
- tōji — At that time; during that particular historical period.
- も
- mo — Also; too; a particle meaning 'even' or 'also'.
- よう
- yō — Like; seeming; expressing likeness or appearance.
- な
- na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjectives to nouns.
- 状況
- jōkyō — Situation; the current set of circumstances or conditions.
- あっ
- atta (stem) — Past stem of aru; there was or it existed.
- と
- to — Particle meaning 'and', 'with', or quotation marker.
- 私
- watashi — I; the first-person singular personal pronoun.
- 考える
- kangaeru — To think; to consider or ponder something carefully.
- 氏
- shi — Mr./Ms.; honorific suffix for a person's name.
- 最初
- saisho — First; the very beginning or initial occurrence.
- 二度
- nido — Twice; two times or on two separate occasions.
- 訪れ
- otozure — To visit; to come to a place or person.
- 存在
- sonzai — Existence; the state of being or existing.
- や
- ya — And; a particle listing examples among multiple items.
- 慣習
- kanshū — Custom; established social practice or habitual convention.
- 研究
- kenkyū — Research; systematic study or investigation of a subject.
- できる
- dekiru — To be able; can do or is possible to do.
- 最後
- saigo — Last; the final point in time or sequence.
- 機会
- kikai — Opportunity; a favorable chance or occasion to act.
- なっ
- natta (stem) — Past stem of naru; became or turned into something.
- 時期
- jiki — Period; a specific span or phase of time.
- 彼
- kare — He; third-person masculine singular pronoun.
- 翻訳
- hon'yaku — Translation; converting text from one language to another.
- 目
- me — Eye; also used to indicate ordinal or purpose.
- 帰国
- kikoku — Return to one's home country after being abroad.
- ほど
- hodo — About; approximately; to the extent or degree of.
- なく
- naku — Without; negative conjunctive form meaning 'not being'.
- いくつか
- ikutsuka — Several; some number of things (a few items).
- 物語
- monogatari — Story; a tale or narrative literary work.
- 起源
- kigen — Origin; the source or starting point of something.
- する
- suru — To do; the basic verb meaning to perform an action.
- もの
- mono — Thing; a physical object or nominalizing expression.
- か
- ka — Question particle; also expresses uncertainty or doubt.
- しれ
- shire — Stem of shireru; used in 'kamoshirenai' meaning 'maybe'.
- ない
- nai — Negative form; does not exist or is not the case.
- において
- ni oite — In; at; regarding a particular context or setting.
- 宮廷
- kyūtei — Royal court; the residence and entourage of royalty.
- 思想
- shisō — Thought; ideology or philosophical ideas and beliefs.
- 様式
- yōshiki — Style; a manner or mode of artistic expression.
- 言語
- gengo — Language; a system of communication used by people.
- 描き出し
- egakidashi — To depict; to draw out or portray vividly in detail.
- おり
- ori — Conjunctive form of oru; formal 'to be' (progressive).
- それら
- sorera — Those; plural pronoun referring to multiple things mentioned.
- すなわち
- sunawachi — That is; namely, in other words, to be precise.
- 大
- dai / ō — Great; large or major in scale or importance.
- 多く
- ōku — Many; a large number or great quantity of things.
- 点
- ten — Point; aspect or a specific element of something.
- 酷似
- kokuji — Closely resembling; bearing a striking similarity to something.
- い
- i — Conjunctive form of iru; to be (for living things).
- という
- to iu — Called; known as; a phrase defining or naming something.
- 二人
- futari — Two people; a pair or duo of individuals.
- 著名
- chomei — Famous; well-known or distinguished in a particular field.
- 東洋
- tōyō — The East; the Orient or Eastern world and culture.
- 学者
- gakusha — Scholar; an academic expert or learned person.
- この
- kono — This; demonstrative adjective referring to something nearby.
- 書物
- shomotsu — Book; a written or printed literary work or text.
- について
- ni tsuite — About; concerning a particular topic or subject matter.
- 見解
- kenkai — Opinion; a view or interpretation on a matter.
- 大きく
- ōkiku — Greatly; to a large degree or significantly different.
- 異なっ
- kotonatta (stem) — Past stem of kotonaru; differed or was different.
- 登場
- tōjō — Appearance; a character's entrance or appearance in story.
- 数
- sū / kazu — Number; a count or quantity of things.
- 少ない
- sukunai — Few; small in number or scarce in quantity.
- 例外
- reigai — Exception; a case that does not follow the rule.
- 除け
- nozoke — Stem of nozoku; to exclude or set aside something.
- ば
- ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when'.
- 集
- shū — Collection; a compiled anthology of works or texts.
- 中
- naka / chū — Inside; among; the middle of a group or place.
- 優れ
- sugure — Stem of sugureru; to excel or be outstanding.
- 的
- teki — Suffix meaning '-like', '-ish', or '-related to'.
- 性格
- seikaku — Character; personality or nature of a person.
- 持つ
- motsu — To have; to hold or possess something.
- 一致
- icchi — Agreement; consensus or correspondence between two things.
- しかし
- shikashi — However; but; a conjunction introducing a contrasting statement.
- 現代
- gendai — Modern times; the contemporary era or present age.
- によって
- ni yotte — By means of; through; depending on the agent.
- 描か
- egaka — Stem of egaku; to depict or portray in writing.
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