The Thousand and One Nights, Vol. I.: Commonly Called the Arabian Nights' Entertainments — Page 9
Since the downfall of the Arab Empire of Baghdád, Cairo has been the chief of Arabian cities: its Memlook Sulṭáns, introduced into Egypt in their youth, naturally adopted, to a great degree, the manners of its native inhabitants, which the 'Osmánlee Turks in later days have but little altered.
自巴格达阿拉伯帝国覆灭以来，开罗一直是阿拉伯城市中的翘楚：其马木鲁克苏丹们年轻时被带入埃及，自然而然地在很大程度上习染了当地居民的风俗习惯，而后来的奥斯曼土耳其人对此几乎未加改变。
Cairo is the city in which Arabian manners now exist in the most refined state; and such I believe to have been the case when the present work was composed."
开罗是如今阿拉伯风俗保存得最为精纯的城市；我相信，在本书写成之时，情形亦是如此。"
Mr. Lane's first two visits to Egypt were made when, for the last time, Arab manners and customs as they existed in the age of the Arabian Nights could be studied; and his translation was written very shortly after his second return to England.
莱恩先生头两次访问埃及之时，正值阿拉伯夜谭时代所存在的阿拉伯风俗习惯最后一次尚可考察研究之际；而他的译作则是在他第二次返回英国后不久写成的。
Though some of the tales may be Indian or Persian in origin, in their present state they exhibit a picture of the manners, modes of thought, and language, of the court and times of the Memlook Sulṭáns of Egypt, which nearly resembled in these points those of the Khaleefehs of Baghdád, or the great Arab Empire.
尽管其中一些故事或许源自印度或波斯，但就其现存形态而言，它们展现了埃及马木鲁克苏丹宫廷与时代的风俗、思维方式和语言风貌，而这些方面与巴格达哈里发或伟大阿拉伯帝国的情形颇为相近。
De Sacy and Von Hammer, the two celebrated orientalists who differed widely in opinion as to the origin of the book, agreed that the tales in which the Khaleefeh Hároon Er-Rasheed is introduced (the best, with few exceptions, in the collection) are Egyptian in character.
德·萨西与冯·哈默尔，这两位著名的东方学家尽管在该书起源问题上意见大相径庭，却一致认为，引入哈里发哈伦·拉希德的那些故事（除少数例外，堪称集中最佳之作）在性质上属于埃及风格。
But since the "Modern Egyptians" were described by Mr.
但自莱恩先生描述"近代埃及人"以来，
Vocabulary
- 自
- zì — From; since; self
- 阿拉伯
- Ālābó — Arab; Arabia; Arabic
- 帝国
- dìguó — Empire; imperial state
- 覆灭
- fùmiè — To be destroyed; collapse and perish completely
- 以来
- yǐlái — Since a certain time; ever since
- 一直
- yīzhí — Always; continuously; all along
- 是
- shì — To be; is, am, are
- 城市
- chéngshì — City; urban area
- 中
- zhōng — Among; in the middle of
- 的
- de — Structural particle indicating possession or description
- 翘楚
- qiáochǔ — Outstanding person or thing; top of the class
- 其
- qí — Its; his; their; that (formal)
- 苏丹
- sūdān — Sultan; Muslim ruler or sovereign
- 们
- men — Plural suffix for pronouns and people
- 年轻
- niánqīng — Young; youthful in age
- 时
- shí — When; at the time of
- 被
- bèi — Passive marker; by (someone)
- 带入
- dài rù — To bring into; to lead into a place
- 埃及
- Āijí — Egypt, country in northeastern Africa
- 自然而然
- zìrán érrán — Naturally; happening of its own accord
- 地
- de — Adverbial particle linking manner to verb
- 在
- zài — At; in; to be located at
- 很大
- hěn dà — Very large; to a great extent
- 程度
- chéngdù — Degree; extent; level
- 上
- shàng — On; above; in terms of (aspect)
- 习染
- xírǎn — To be influenced by; to pick up habits
- 了
- le — Particle indicating completed action or change
- 当地
- dāngdì — Local; of the locality in question
- 居民
- jūmín — Resident; inhabitant of a place
- 风俗
- fēngsú — Customs; social traditions and practices
- 习惯
- xíguàn — Habit; custom; to be accustomed to
- 而
- ér — And; but; conjunction linking clauses
- 后来
- hòulái — Later; afterwards; subsequently
- 土耳其
- Tǔ'ěrqí — Turkey; the country of Turkey
- 人
- rén — Person; people; human being
- 对此
- duì cǐ — Regarding this; with respect to this matter
- 几乎
- jīhū — Almost; nearly; practically
- 未加
- wèi jiā — Without applying; not having made any
- 改变
- gǎibiàn — To change; to alter; modification
- 如今
- rújīn — Nowadays; at the present time
- 保存
- bǎocún — To preserve; to keep; conservation
- 得
- de — Particle indicating degree or result of action
- 最为
- zuìwéi — Most; to the greatest degree (formal)
- 精纯
- jīngchún — Pure and refined; unadulterated in quality
- 我
- wǒ — I; me; first-person singular pronoun
- 相信
- xiāngxìn — To believe; to trust; to be convinced
- 本书
- běn shū — This book; the present volume
- 写成
- xiě chéng — To finish writing; to complete a written work
- 之时
- zhī shí — At the time of; when (formal expression)
- 情形
- qíngxíng — Situation; circumstances; state of affairs
- 亦是
- yì shì — Also is; likewise; the same holds true
- 如此
- rúcǐ — Like this; such; so; in this way
- 先生
- xiānsheng — Mr.; gentleman; husband; teacher
- 头
- tóu — First; head; used for ordinal counting
- 两次
- liǎng cì — Two times; twice
- 访问
- fǎngwèn — To visit; to call on; official visit
- 正值
- zhèng zhí — Occurring exactly at; happening right during
- 时代
- shídài — Era; age; period of time
- 所
- suǒ — Particle used before verbs in passive structures
- 存在
- cúnzài — To exist; existence; to be present
- 最后
- zuìhòu — Final; last; ultimately
- 一次
- yī cì — One time; once; one occasion
- 尚可
- shàng kě — Still possible; passable; acceptable
- 考察
- kǎochá — To investigate; to study; field research
- 研究
- yánjiū — To research; to study; research work
- 之际
- zhī jì — At the time of; on the occasion of (formal)
- 他
- tā — He; him; third-person male singular pronoun
- 译作
- yì zuò — Translated work; a translation
- 则是
- zé shì — Then is; on the other hand it is
- 第二次
- dì èr cì — The second time; second occasion
- 返回
- fǎnhuí — To return; to go back to a place
- 英国
- Yīngguó — England; United Kingdom; Britain
- 后
- hòu — After; behind; following in time
- 不久
- bùjiǔ — Soon; not long after; shortly
- 尽管
- jǐnguǎn — Although; even though; despite the fact that
- 其中
- qízhōng — Among them; within it; therein
- 一些
- yīxiē — Some; a few; a number of
- 故事
- gùshi — Story; tale; narrative
- 或许
- huòxǔ — Perhaps; maybe; possibly
- 源自
- yuán zì — To originate from; to derive its source from
- 印度
- Yìndù — India, country in South Asia
- 或
- huò — Or; either; alternatively
- 波斯
- Bōsī — Persia; ancient Iran
- 但
- dàn — But; however; yet
- 就
- jiù — With regard to; as far as; then
- 现存
- xiàncún — Currently existing; extant; still surviving
- 形态
- xíngtài — Form; shape; morphology; state
- 而言
- ér yán — Speaking of; in terms of; as regards
- 它们
- tāmen — They; them (referring to non-human things)
- 展现
- zhǎnxiàn — To display; to show; to present vividly
- 宫廷
- gōngtíng — Royal court; imperial palace and its culture
- 与
- yǔ — And; with; together with (formal)
- 思维
- sīwéi — Thinking; thought process; way of thinking
- 方式
- fāngshì — Method; way; mode of doing something
- 和
- hé — And; with; peaceful
- 语言
- yǔyán — Language; speech; tongue
- 风貌
- fēngmào — Style and appearance; general character and look
- 这些
- zhèxiē — These; these things or people
- 方面
- fāngmiàn — Aspect; respect; side; dimension
- 伟大
- wěidà — Great; magnificent; grand and admirable
- 颇为
- pōwéi — Quite; rather; considerably (formal adverb)
- 相近
- xiāngjìn — Similar; close to; nearly the same
- 德
- dé — Virtue; morality; Germany (abbrev.)
- 这
- zhè — This; these; referring to something nearby
- 两位
- liǎng wèi — Two (persons); both (polite measure word)
- 著名
- zhùmíng — Famous; well-known; renowned
- 东方
- dōngfāng — The East; Orient; eastern direction
- 学家
- xuéjiā — Scholar; expert in a field of study
- 该书
- gāi shū — The said book; that particular book
- 起源
- qǐyuán — Origin; source; to originate from
- 问题
- wèntí — Question; problem; issue
- 意见
- yìjiàn — Opinion; view; suggestion
- 大相径庭
- dà xiāng jìng tíng — Poles apart; completely different opinions or views
- 却
- què — Yet; but; however; on the contrary
- 一致
- yīzhì — Unanimous; consistent; in agreement
- 认为
- rènwéi — To think; to consider; to hold the view
- 引入
- yǐn rù — To introduce into; to bring in; to import
- 那些
- nàxiē — Those; those things or people
- 除
- chú — Except; excluding; apart from
- 少数
- shǎoshù — A few; minority; small number
- 例外
- lìwài — Exception; case that doesn't follow the rule
- 堪称
- kān chēng — Can be called; worthy of being described as
- 集中
- jízhōng — Concentrated; to concentrate; gathered together
- 最佳
- zuìjiā — Best; optimal; finest
- 之作
- zhī zuò — A work of; writings or creations of (formal)
- 性质
- xìngzhì — Nature; character; property of something
- 属于
- shǔyú — To belong to; to be classified as
- 风格
- fēnggé — Style; manner; characteristic way of expression
- 描述
- miáoshù — To describe; description; depiction
- 近代
- jìndài — Modern times; recent historical period; early modern era
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