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Thus Spake Zarathustra: A Book for All and None — Page 4

English → Fr Preface Level 9/10

The notion of rearing the Superman is only a new form of an ideal Nietzsche already had in his youth, that "THE OBJECT OF MANKIND SHOULD LIE IN ITS HIGHEST INDIVIDUALS" (or, as he writes in "Schopenhauer as Educator": "Mankind ought constantly to be striving to produce great men—this and nothing else is its duty.")

La notion d'élever le Surhomme n'est qu'une nouvelle forme d'un idéal que Nietzsche avait déjà dans sa jeunesse, à savoir que « LE BUT DE L'HUMANITÉ DOIT RÉSIDER DANS SES INDIVIDUS LES PLUS ÉLEVÉS » (ou, comme il l'écrit dans « Schopenhauer éducateur » : « L'humanité devrait constamment s'efforcer de produire de grands hommes — c'est là son devoir, et rien d'autre. »)

But the ideals he most revered in those days are no longer held to be the highest types of men.

Mais les idéaux qu'il révérait le plus en ces temps-là ne sont plus considérés comme les types les plus élevés d'hommes.

No, around this future ideal of a coming humanity—the Superman—the poet spread the veil of becoming.

Non, autour de cet idéal futur d'une humanité à venir — le Surhomme — le poète a étendu le voile du devenir.

Who can tell to what glorious heights man can still ascend?

Qui peut dire à quelles hauteurs glorieuses l'homme peut encore s'élever ?

That is why, after having tested the worth of our noblest ideal—that of the Saviour, in the light of the new valuations, the poet cries with passionate emphasis in "Zarathustra":

C'est pourquoi, après avoir mis à l'épreuve la valeur de notre idéal le plus noble — celui du Sauveur — à la lumière des nouvelles évaluations, le poète s'écrie avec une emphase passionnée dans « Zarathoustra » :

"Never yet hath there been a Superman. Naked have I seen both of them, the greatest and the smallest man:—

« Il n'a encore jamais existé de Surhomme. Nus, je les ai vus tous les deux, le plus grand et le plus petit des hommes :

All-too-similar are they still to each other. Verily even the greatest found I—all-too-human!"—

Ils se ressemblent encore bien trop l'un à l'autre. En vérité, même le plus grand, je l'ai trouvé — bien trop humain ! »

The phrase "the rearing of the Superman," has very often been misunderstood.

L'expression « l'élevage du Surhomme » a très souvent été mal comprise.

By the word "rearing," in this case, is meant the act of modifying by means of new and higher values—values which, as laws and guides of conduct and opinion, are now to rule over mankind.

Par le mot « élevage », il faut entendre ici l'acte de transformer au moyen de valeurs nouvelles et plus élevées — des valeurs qui, en tant que lois et guides de conduite et d'opinion, sont désormais appelées à régir l'humanité.

In general the doctrine of the Superman can only be understood correctly in conjunction with other ideas of the author's, such as:—the Order of Rank, the Will to Power, and the Transvaluation of all Values.

En général, la doctrine du Surhomme ne peut être comprise correctement qu'en lien avec d'autres idées de l'auteur, telles que : l'Ordre du Rang, la Volonté de Puissance et la Transvaluation de toutes les Valeurs.

Vocabulary

La: Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular).
notion: A concept or idea about something.
d': Contracted preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'.
élever: To raise, elevate, or bring up someone.
le: Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular).
Surhomme: Nietzsche's 'Superman' or 'Overman' philosophical concept.
n': Contracted negation particle used before a vowel.
est: Third-person singular of 'être,' meaning 'is.'
qu': Contracted conjunction meaning 'that' or 'than.'
une: Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (feminine).
nouvelle: New or novel; feminine form of 'nouveau.'
forme: A shape, form, or type of something.
un: Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (masculine).
idéal: An ideal or ultimate standard to strive toward.
que: Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that,' 'which,' or 'whom.'
avait: Imperfect tense of 'avoir,' meaning 'had.'
déjà: Already; used to indicate something occurred before now.
dans: Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside.'
sa: Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its' (feminine).
jeunesse: Youth or the period of being young.
à: Preposition meaning 'to,' 'at,' or 'in.'
savoir: To know; also used in 'à savoir' meaning 'namely.'
LE: Emphasized definite article 'the' (masculine singular).
BUT: Goal or purpose; aim of an action or effort.
DE: Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from.'
L': Contracted definite article 'the' before a vowel.
HUMANITÉ: Humanity; all human beings collectively as a whole.
DOIT: Must; third-person singular of 'devoir' (obligation).
RÉSIDER: To reside or lie in; to be located somewhere.
DANS: Preposition meaning 'in' or 'within.'
SES: Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its' (plural).
INDIVIDUS: Individuals; separate persons within a larger group.
LES: Definite article meaning 'the' (plural).
PLUS: More; used in superlatives or comparisons.
ÉLEVÉS: Elevated, highest, or most noble; plural past participle.
ou: Conjunction meaning 'or,' offering an alternative.
comme: As, like; used for comparison or manner.
il: Subject pronoun meaning 'he' or 'it.'
l': Contracted definite article or direct object pronoun.
écrit: Writes or wrote; third-person singular of 'écrire.'
éducateur: Educator or teacher; one who educates others.
humanité: Humanity; all of humankind or human nature collectively.
devrait: Should; conditional tense of 'devoir' expressing obligation.
constamment: Constantly; in a continuous or unceasing manner.
s': Reflexive pronoun 'se' contracted before a vowel.
efforcer: To strive or make an effort toward a goal.
de: Preposition meaning 'of,' 'from,' or 'to.'
produire: To produce, generate, or bring something into existence.
grands: Great or large; plural masculine form of 'grand.'
hommes: Men or human beings; plural of 'homme.'
c': Contracted demonstrative pronoun 'ce' before a vowel.
là: There; indicating a place or pointing something out.
son: Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its.'
devoir: Duty or obligation; also the verb 'to have to.'
et: Conjunction meaning 'and,' linking words or clauses.
rien: Nothing; used in negative constructions with 'ne.'
autre: Other or another; referring to a different thing.
Mais: But; conjunction introducing a contrast or objection.
les: Definite article meaning 'the' (plural).
idéaux: Ideals; plural of 'idéal,' ultimate standards or goals.
révérait: Revered; imperfect tense of 'révérer,' to worship deeply.
plus: More; used in comparisons or to indicate greater degree.
en: Preposition meaning 'in,' 'on,' or 'by.'
ces: Demonstrative adjective meaning 'these' or 'those.'
temps-: Times; period or era (hyphenated in compound expression).
ne: Negation particle used with 'pas,' 'plus,' etc.
sont: Are; third-person plural of 'être.'
considérés: Considered; regarded as having a certain quality or status.
types: Types or kinds; categories sharing common characteristics.
élevés: Elevated or lofty; raised to a higher level or status.
Non: No; used to negate or refuse something emphatically.
autour: Around; surrounding or encircling something or someone.
cet: Demonstrative adjective 'this' before a masculine vowel.
futur: Future; relating to time yet to come.
venir: To come; movement or arrival toward a place.
poète: A poet; one who writes or composes poetry.
a: Has; third-person singular of 'avoir.'
étendu: Extended or spread out; past participle of 'étendre.'
voile: A veil or sail; something that covers or conceals.
du: Contracted article 'de le,' meaning 'of the.'
devenir: Becoming; the process of change or transformation over time.
Qui: Who; interrogative or relative pronoun referring to a person.
peut: Can; third-person singular of 'pouvoir.'
dire: To say or tell; expressing something in words.
quelles: Which; feminine plural interrogative or exclamative adjective.
hauteurs: Heights or elevations; great levels of achievement or altitude.
glorieuses: Glorious; magnificent or full of glory (feminine plural).
homme: Man or human being; a male person or humankind.
encore: Still, yet, or again; indicating continuation or repetition.
C': Contracted demonstrative 'ce' before 'est,' meaning 'it is.'
pourquoi: Why; asking for a reason or cause.
après: After; indicating something follows in time or order.
avoir: To have; used as auxiliary or main verb.
mis: Put or placed; past participle of 'mettre.'
épreuve: A test or trial; putting something to the test.
la: Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular).
valeur: Value or worth; the importance or merit of something.
notre: Our; first-person plural possessive adjective.
noble: Noble; of high moral or social distinction and excellence.
celui: The one; demonstrative pronoun referring to a masculine noun.
Sauveur: Savior; one who rescues or delivers others from harm.
lumière: Light; illumination or enlightenment, literal or figurative.
des: Contracted article meaning 'of the' or indefinite plural 'some.'
nouvelles: New (feminine plural); also short stories or news.
évaluations: Evaluations or assessments; judgments about worth or quality.
écrie: Exclaims; third-person singular of 's'écrier,' to cry out.
avec: With; indicating accompaniment or manner.
emphase: Emphasis or pomposity; forceful or exaggerated expression.
passionnée: Passionate; filled with intense emotion or enthusiasm (feminine).
Il: Subject pronoun meaning 'he' or 'it.'
jamais: Never; or ever in questions and certain contexts.
existé: Existed; past participle of 'exister,' to exist.
Nus: Naked or bare; stripped of covering (masculine plural).
je: I; first-person singular subject pronoun.
ai: Have; first-person singular of 'avoir.'
vus: Seen; past participle of 'voir,' to see (plural).
tous: All or everyone; masculine plural of 'tout.'
deux: Two; the number 2.
grand: Great or tall; of large size or importance.
petit: Small or little; of limited size or significance.
Ils: They; third-person plural masculine subject pronoun.
se: Reflexive pronoun meaning 'themselves' or 'each other.'
ressemblent: Resemble; third-person plural of 'ressembler,' to look alike.
bien: Well; indicating degree, quality, or affirmation.
trop: Too much; excessively beyond what is appropriate.
En: Preposition meaning 'in,' 'by,' or 'as.'
vérité: Truth; what is real, honest, or factual.
même: Same or even; used for emphasis or comparison.
trouvé: Found; past participle of 'trouver,' to find.
humain: Human; relating to people or human nature.
expression: An expression; a word, phrase, or way of conveying meaning.
élevage: Breeding or raising of animals; upbringing or cultivation.
très: Very; intensifier used before adjectives or adverbs.
souvent: Often; happening frequently or on many occasions.
été: Been; past participle of 'être'; also means 'summer.'
mal: Badly or wrongly; also means evil or pain.
comprise: Understood; past participle of 'comprendre' (feminine form).
Par: By or through; preposition indicating means or agency.
mot: Word; a unit of language conveying meaning.
faut: Must or is necessary; impersonal form of 'falloir.'
entendre: To hear or understand; also to intend or mean.
ici: Here; in this place or context.
acte: An act or action; a deed performed by someone.
transformer: To transform or change something into a different form.
au: Contracted article 'à le,' meaning 'to the' or 'at the.'
moyen: Means or way; a method used to achieve something.
valeurs: Values; principles or standards guiding behavior and judgment.
élevées: Elevated or high; of superior moral or intellectual level.
qui: Who or which; relative or interrogative pronoun.
tant: So much or as much; indicating a large degree.
lois: Laws; rules established by authority or society.
guides: Guides; principles or people that direct behavior or action.
conduite: Conduct or behavior; the way someone acts or behaves.
opinion: Opinion; a personal view or judgment about something.
désormais: From now on; henceforth, indicating a change going forward.
appelées: Called or named; past participle of 'appeler' (feminine plural).
régir: To govern or rule; to control or regulate something.
général: General; broad or widespread, not specific or particular.
doctrine: A doctrine; a set of beliefs or principles taught.
être: To be; fundamental verb expressing existence or identity.
correctement: Correctly; in an accurate or proper manner.
lien: A link or bond; a connection between things or people.
autres: Others; different or additional people or things.
idées: Ideas; thoughts or concepts in someone's mind.
auteur: Author; a person who writes books or creates works.
telles: Such; of that kind (feminine plural demonstrative adjective).
Ordre: Order; an organized arrangement or command to act.
Rang: Rank or standing; one's position in a hierarchy.
Volonté: Will; the power or desire to act or decide.
Puissance: Power or might; great strength or influential force.
Transvaluation: Transvaluation; revaluing or overturning established moral values.
toutes: All; feminine plural of 'tout,' meaning every one.
Valeurs: Values; moral principles or standards guiding human conduct.

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