Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 5
None of the folk-tales are considered as the property of the tellers, but only those of the third division are well known to the people in general.
Nessuno dei racconti popolari è considerato come proprietà dei narratori, ma solo quelli della terza divisione sono ben noti alla gente in generale.
Those of the first section are seldom heard except during the dry season when the people gather around bonfires in various parts of the village.
Quelli della prima sezione si sentono raramente, tranne che durante la stagione secca, quando la gente si riunisce attorno ai falò in varie parti del villaggio.
To these go the men and women, the latter to spin cotton, the former to make fish nets or to repair their tools and weapons.
A questi si recano uomini e donne, le ultime a filare il cotone, i primi a fare reti da pesca o a riparare i loro strumenti e le loro armi.
In such a gathering there are generally one or more persons who entertain their fellows with these tales.
In una tale riunione vi sono generalmente una o più persone che intrattengono i propri compagni con questi racconti.
Such a person is not paid for his services, but the fact that he knows "the stories of the first times" makes him a welcome addition to the company and gives him an enviable position in the estimation of his fellows.
Tale persona non viene pagata per i suoi servizi, ma il fatto che conosca "le storie dei tempi antichi" la rende un gradito membro della compagnia e le conferisce una posizione invidiabile nella stima dei suoi compagni.
The purely ritualistic tales, called _diams_, are learned word by word by the mediums, [1] as a part of their training for their positions, and are only recited while an animal is being stroked with oil preparatory to its being sacrificed, or when some other gift is about to be presented to the superior beings.
I racconti puramente ritualistici, chiamati _diams_, vengono appresi parola per parola dai medium, [1] come parte della loro formazione per i loro ruoli, e vengono recitati solo mentre un animale viene unto con olio in preparazione al suo sacrificio, o quando qualche altro dono sta per essere presentato agli esseri superiori.
The writer has recorded these _diams_ from various mediums in widely separated towns and has found them quite uniform in text and content.
L'autore ha trascritto questi _diams_ da vari medium in città molto distanti tra loro e li ha trovati abbastanza uniformi nel testo e nel contenuto.
The explanatory tales were likewise secured from the mediums, or from old men and women who "know the customs."
I racconti esplicativi furono ugualmente ottenuti dai medium, o da anziani uomini e donne che "conoscono le usanze".
Vocabulary
- Nessuno
- No one, nobody; used to indicate absence of persons
- dei
- Of the; plural masculine definite article contraction
- racconti
- Stories, tales, narratives; plural of racconto
- popolari
- Popular, folk; relating to common people or traditions
- è
- Is; third person singular present of essere (to be)
- considerato
- Considered, regarded; past participle of considerare
- come
- As, like, how; used for comparison or manner
- proprietà
- Property, ownership; something belonging to someone
- narratori
- Narrators, storytellers; those who tell stories
- ma
- But; conjunction expressing contrast or exception
- solo
- Only, alone; limiting or exclusive qualifier
- quelli
- Those; demonstrative pronoun referring to distant things
- della
- Of the; feminine singular definite article contraction
- terza
- Third; ordinal number, feminine form of terzo
- divisione
- Division, section; a part separated from a whole
- sono
- Are; first or third person plural of essere (to be)
- ben
- Well; adverb modifying adjectives or verbs positively
- noti
- Known, well-known; plural of noto, familiar to many
- alla
- To the; feminine singular preposition-article contraction
- gente
- People, folk; a group of persons in general
- in
- In, into; preposition indicating location or state
- generale
- General; broad, not specific; also military general
- Quelli
- Those; demonstrative pronoun for distant or specified items
- prima
- First, before; ordinal or temporal reference
- sezione
- Section, part; a distinct portion of a whole
- si
- Oneself, itself; reflexive pronoun used with verbs
- sentono
- Are heard, feel; third person plural of sentire
- raramente
- Rarely, seldom; happening only on few occasions
- tranne
- Except, apart from; excluding a specific item
- che
- That, which, who; relative or subordinating conjunction
- durante
- During; preposition indicating time within an event
- la
- The; feminine singular definite article in Italian
- stagione
- Season; one of four yearly climatic periods
- secca
- Dry; feminine adjective describing lack of moisture
- quando
- When; conjunction or adverb relating to time
- riunisce
- Gathers, assembles; third person singular of riunire
- attorno
- Around; preposition indicating surrounding or encircling
- ai
- To the; masculine plural preposition-article contraction
- falò
- Bonfires, campfires; large outdoor fires for gathering
- varie
- Various, several; feminine plural of vario, diverse
- parti
- Parts, sections; plural of parte, portions of whole
- del
- Of the; masculine singular preposition-article contraction
- villaggio
- Village; a small rural settlement or community
- A
- To, at; preposition indicating direction or location
- questi
- These; masculine plural demonstrative pronoun or adjective
- recano
- Bring, carry; third person plural of recare
- uomini
- Men; plural of uomo, adult male persons
- e
- And; coordinating conjunction linking words or clauses
- donne
- Women; plural of donna, adult female persons
- le
- The; feminine plural definite article in Italian
- ultime
- The latter, last; feminine plural of ultimo
- a
- To, at; preposition indicating direction or purpose
- filare
- To spin; to twist fibers into thread or yarn
- il
- The; masculine singular definite article in Italian
- cotone
- Cotton; soft natural fiber used in textiles
- i
- The; masculine plural definite article in Italian
- primi
- The former, first; masculine plural of primo
- fare
- To make, to do; fundamental Italian action verb
- reti
- Nets; plural of rete, mesh used for catching
- da
- From, by, for; versatile Italian preposition of origin
- pesca
- Fishing; the activity of catching fish
- o
- Or; disjunctive conjunction presenting alternatives
- riparare
- To repair, fix; to restore something to working condition
- loro
- Their, them; third person plural possessive or pronoun
- strumenti
- Tools, instruments; plural of strumento, implements used
- armi
- Weapons, arms; plural of arma, objects used offensively
- In
- In; preposition indicating location or circumstance
- una
- A, one; feminine singular indefinite article in Italian
- tale
- Such a, this kind of; adjective indicating similarity
- riunione
- Meeting, gathering; an assembly of people together
- vi
- There, here; locative pronoun or place adverb
- generalmente
- Generally, usually; in most cases or on average
- più
- More, most; comparative adverb indicating greater quantity
- persone
- People, persons; plural of persona, individual humans
- intrattengono
- Entertain; third person plural of intrattenere
- propri
- Own; masculine plural of proprio, belonging to oneself
- compagni
- Companions, fellows; plural of compagno, associates
- con
- With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means
- Tale
- Such a; adjective referring to a particular kind
- persona
- Person; an individual human being
- non
- Not; negation particle used before verbs
- viene
- Comes, is; third person singular of venire
- pagata
- Paid; feminine past participle of pagare, to pay
- per
- For, by, through; preposition of purpose or means
- suoi
- His, her, its; masculine plural possessive adjective
- servizi
- Services; plural of servizio, acts of helping others
- fatto
- Fact, deed; also past participle of fare (to do)
- conosca
- Knows; third person singular subjunctive of conoscere
- storie
- Stories, histories; plural of storia, narrative accounts
- tempi
- Times, periods; plural of tempo, eras or epochs
- antichi
- Ancient, old; masculine plural of antico, from antiquity
- rende
- Makes, renders; third person singular of rendere
- gradito
- Welcome, appreciated; pleasing or well-received by others
- membro
- Member; a person belonging to a group
- compagnia
- Company, group; a social gathering or fellowship
- conferisce
- Confers, grants; third person singular of conferire
- posizione
- Position, status; place or standing within a group
- invidiabile
- Enviable; worthy of envy, desirable to others
- nella
- In the; feminine singular preposition-article contraction
- stima
- Esteem, regard; respect or high opinion of someone
- I
- The; masculine plural definite article in Italian
- puramente
- Purely, solely; in a pure or exclusive manner
- ritualistici
- Ritualistic; relating to formal religious or ceremonial rites
- chiamati
- Called, named; masculine plural past participle of chiamare
- vengono
- Are, come; third person plural of venire (passive use)
- appresi
- Learned; masculine plural past participle of apprendere
- parola
- Word; a unit of language conveying meaning
- dai
- From the; masculine plural preposition-article contraction
- parte
- Part, role; a portion or role within a whole
- formazione
- Training, formation; process of developing skills or roles
- ruoli
- Roles; plural of ruolo, parts played in context
- recitati
- Recited, performed; past participle of recitare, to act
- mentre
- While, whereas; conjunction indicating simultaneity or contrast
- animale
- Animal; a living creature, not human or plant
- unto
- Anointed, greased; past participle of ungere, to anoint
- olio
- Oil; liquid fat used in cooking or ritual
- preparazione
- Preparation; the process of making something ready
- al
- To the; masculine singular preposition-article contraction
- suo
- His, her, its; masculine singular possessive adjective
- sacrificio
- Sacrifice; offering an animal or object for ritual
- qualche
- Some, any; indefinite adjective indicating unspecified quantity
- altro
- Other, another; indicating a different or additional thing
- dono
- Gift, offering; something given freely to another
- sta
- Is; third person singular of stare, indicating state
- essere
- To be; fundamental Italian auxiliary and linking verb
- presentato
- Presented, offered; past participle of presentare
- agli
- To the; masculine plural preposition-article contraction
- esseri
- Beings; plural of essere, entities or living creatures
- superiori
- Superior, higher; plural of superiore, above in rank
- L'
- The; elided definite article before vowel-starting words
- autore
- Author; a person who writes or creates works
- ha
- Has; third person singular present of avere
- trascritto
- Transcribed; past participle of trascrivere, to write down
- vari
- Various; masculine plural of vario, several or diverse
- città
- Cities, towns; plural of città, urban settlements
- molto
- Very, much; adverb or adjective of high degree
- distanti
- Distant, far; plural of distante, far apart geographically
- tra
- Between, among; preposition indicating position in middle
- li
- Them; masculine plural direct object pronoun
- trovati
- Found; masculine plural past participle of trovare
- abbastanza
- Enough, quite; adverb indicating sufficient or considerable degree
- uniformi
- Uniform, consistent; plural of uniforme, without variation
- nel
- In the; masculine singular preposition-article contraction
- testo
- Text; written content of a document or work
- contenuto
- Content; the subject matter within a text
- esplicativi
- Explanatory; serving to clarify or explain something
- furono
- Were; third person plural past of essere (to be)
- ugualmente
- Equally, likewise; in the same manner or degree
- ottenuti
- Obtained; masculine plural past participle of ottenere
- anziani
- Elders, elderly; older respected members of a community
- conoscono
- Know; third person plural present of conoscere
- usanze
- Customs, traditions; plural of usanza, established practices
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