Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 9

Vocabulary

Apprendiamo

We learn, we come to know something

che

That, which, who; common conjunction and pronoun

ogni

Every, each; used before singular nouns

villaggio

Village; a small rural human settlement

è

Is; third person singular of essere (to be)

situato

Located, situated; describing position of something

vicino

Near, close, nearby; indicating proximity

a

To, at; basic Italian preposition of direction

un

A, an; masculine indefinite article

fiume

River; a large natural flowing body of water

o

Or; conjunction indicating an alternative choice

una

A, an; feminine indefinite article

via

Road, way, street; a route or passage

d'

Of; elided form of preposition di before vowel

acqua

Water; essential liquid found in rivers and wells

sulle

On the; preposition su combined with article le

cui

Whose, which; relative pronoun indicating possession

rive

Banks, shores; edges of a river or body of water

vengono

They come, they are; third person plural of venire

scavati

Dug, excavated; past participle of scavare

pozzi

Wells; deep holes dug to access groundwater

poco

Little, few, not much; indicating small quantity

profondi

Deep; describing great depth below the surface

e

And; basic Italian coordinating conjunction

là

There; adverb indicating a distant place

troviamo

We find; first person plural of trovare

le

The; feminine plural definite article

donne

Women; adult female human beings

si

Themselves, oneself; reflexive pronoun

radunano

They gather, they assemble together in a group

all'

At the, in the; preposition a with elided article

ombra

Shade, shadow; area sheltered from direct sunlight

degli

Of the; preposition di combined with article gli

alberi

Trees; tall woody plants with branches and leaves

attingendo

Drawing water; fetching liquid from a source

da

From, by; preposition indicating origin or agent

portare

To bring, to carry; conveying something somewhere

alle

To the; preposition a combined with article le

loro

Their, them; third person plural pronoun or adjective

case

Houses, homes; buildings where people live

lavandosi

Washing oneself; reflexive gerund of lavarsi

pettinandosi

Combing one's hair; reflexive gerund of pettinarsi

i

The; masculine plural definite article

capelli

Hair; strands growing on the human head

facendo

Doing, making; gerund of fare

il

The; masculine singular definite article

bagno

Bath, bathroom; act of bathing or the room

Raramente

Rarely, seldom; happening very infrequently

avventurano

They venture; going somewhere bold or risky

sole

Alone; also sun; here meaning by themselves

poiché

Since, because; conjunction introducing a reason

nemici

Enemies; hostile persons or adversaries

tendono

They tend to; third person plural of tendere

ad

To, at; variant of preposition a before vowels

essere

To be; fundamental Italian infinitive verb

meno

Less, fewer; indicating smaller quantity or degree

non

Not; basic Italian negation particle

siano

They may be; subjunctive of essere

in

In, into; basic Italian preposition of location

più

More, plus; indicating greater quantity or degree

nel

In the; preposition in combined with article il

gruppo

Group; a number of people together

sarà

It will be; future tense of essere

impossibile

Impossible; something that cannot be done

dare

To give; fundamental Italian infinitive verb

l'

The; elided definite article before a vowel

allarme

Alarm, alert; warning signal of danger

ottenere

To obtain, to get; acquiring something needed

aiuto

Help, assistance; aid given in a difficult situation

caso

Case, instance; a particular situation or event

di

Of, from; basic Italian preposition

attacco

Attack; an assault or aggressive action against someone

Dalla

From the; preposition da combined with article la

sorgente

Spring, source; place where water flows naturally out

fino

Until, up to, as far as; indicating extent

al

To the; preposition a combined with article il

innalzano

They raise, they erect; lifting something upward

pali

Poles, stakes; long cylindrical vertical supports

bambù

Bamboo; tall tropical grass used as building material

sui

On the; preposition su combined with article i

quali

Which, that; relative pronoun for people or things

sono

They are, I am; present tense of essere

esposte

Displayed, exposed; past participle feminine plural

teste

Heads; the upper part of the human body

dei

Of the; preposition di combined with article i

Nei

In the; preposition in combined with article i

casi

Cases, instances; plural of caso

guerrieri

Warriors; fighters or soldiers engaged in combat

stati

Been; past participle plural of essere

particolarmente

Particularly, especially; to a notable degree

vittoriosi

Victorious; having won a battle or competition

questi

These; masculine plural demonstrative pronoun

trofei

Trophies; objects kept as proof of victory

possono

They can; third person plural of potere

circondare

To surround, to encircle; encompassing something completely

intero

Entire, whole; complete without any part missing

insediamento

Settlement; a place where people establish a community

Attorno

Around, surrounding; on all sides of something

abitato

Settlement, inhabited place; populated area

trova

Finds, there is; third person singular of trovare

muro

Wall; a solid vertical structure of brick or stone

difensivo

Defensive; designed to protect against attack

generalmente

Generally, usually; in most cases or typically

ma

But; conjunction introducing a contrasting statement

alcuni

Some, a few; masculine plural indefinite adjective

composto

Composed, made up; consisting of particular elements

interamente

Entirely, wholly; completely without exception

serpenti

Snakes; legless reptiles that slither on the ground

giganteschi

Gigantic, enormous; of very large size

All'

At the, in the; preposition a with elided article

interno

Interior, inside; the inner part of something

questo

This; masculine singular demonstrative pronoun

recinto

Enclosure, fence; a fenced or walled area

trovano

They find, there are; third person plural of trovare

molte

Many; feminine plural adjective of quantity

I

The; masculine plural definite article

pavimenti

Floors; the lower horizontal surface inside a building

rialzati

Raised, elevated; lifted above ground level

ben

Well, quite; adverb emphasizing degree or quality

sopra

Above, over; positioned at a higher level

del

Of the; preposition di combined with article il

suolo

Ground, soil; the surface of the earth

mentre

While, whereas; conjunction indicating simultaneous action

la

The; feminine singular definite article

copertura

Covering, roof; material used to cover a structure

erba

Grass, herb; low green plant covering the ground

Scale

Stairs, ladders; steps used to climb between levels

conducono

They lead, they conduct; third person plural of condurre

piccole

Small, little; feminine plural adjective of size

verande

Verandas, porches; covered outdoor platforms on houses

dalle

From the; preposition da combined with article le

aprono

They open; third person plural of aprire

porte

Doors; movable barriers closing an entrance

danno

They give access to; third person plural of dare

sugli

On the; preposition su combined with article gli

alloggi

Lodgings, accommodations; rooms or places to live

Almeno

At least; indicating a minimum quantity or condition

parte

Part, portion; a section of a larger whole

delle

Of the, some; preposition di combined with article le

dispone

Has, possesses; third person singular of disporre

stanza

Room; an enclosed space inside a building

per

For, in order to; Italian preposition of purpose

cucina

Kitchen, cuisine; room or area where food is cooked

aggiunta

Addition, added; something extra beyond what exists

quella

That; feminine singular demonstrative pronoun

usata

Used; past participle feminine of usare

famiglia

Family; a group of related people living together

strutture

Structures; buildings or organized physical constructions

contenenti

Containing; holding or enclosing something inside

nona

Ninth; ordinal number feminine form

menzionate

Mentioned; referred to in speech or writing

volte

Times; occurrences or instances of something happening