Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 2

Vocabulary

É

eh — Third person singular present tense of 'ser' (to be).

minha

mee-nyah — My; first person singular feminine possessive pronoun.

intenção

in-ten-sowng — Intention; a plan or aim to do something.

publicar

poo-blee-kar — To publish; to make written work available publicly.

um

oong — A, an; indefinite article, masculine singular.

estudo

es-too-doo — Study; a careful investigation or academic work.

sobre

soh-breh — About, on; preposition indicating subject or topic.

este

es-teh — This; demonstrative pronoun or adjective, masculine singular.

povo

poh-voo — People, folk; a group sharing culture or nationality.

num

noong — In a; contraction of preposition 'em' and article 'um'.

futuro

foo-too-roo — Future; time that has not yet occurred.

próximo

proh-see-moo — Next, near; close in time or proximity.

mas

mahsh — But; conjunction indicating contrast or exception.

percebendo

per-seh-ben-doo — Realizing, perceiving; present participle of 'perceber'.

que

keh — That, which; conjunction or relative pronoun.

será

seh-rah — Will be; third person singular future tense of 'ser'.

bastante

bash-tan-teh — Quite, enough; indicating a considerable degree or amount.

impossível

im-poh-see-vel — Impossible; not able to occur or be done.

para

pah-rah — For, to; preposition indicating purpose or direction.

leitores

lay-toh-resh — Readers; people who read texts or publications.

não

nowng — No, not; negation adverb or negative response.

familiarizados

fah-mee-lyah-ree-zah-dosh — Familiarized; made acquainted with something beforehand.

com

kong — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or association.

a

ah — The; definite article, feminine singular.

vida

vee-dah — Life; the existence and experiences of living beings.

compreender

kom-preh-en-der — To understand, comprehend; to grasp the meaning of something.

muitas

mwee-tash — Many; large number, feminine plural form.

referências

reh-feh-ren-syash — References; mentions or allusions to specific things.

nos

noosh — In the; contraction of preposition 'em' and article 'os'.

contos

kon-toosh — Tales, stories; short narrative fictional works.

acrescentei

ah-kreh-sen-tay — I added; first person past tense of 'acrescentar'.

notas

noh-tash — Notes; brief written comments or annotations.

de

deh — Of, from; preposition indicating origin or possession.

rodapé

roh-dah-peh — Footnote; a note at the bottom of a page.

lhes

lyesh — To them; indirect object pronoun, third person plural.

permitirão

per-mee-tee-rowng — Will allow; third person plural future tense of 'permitir'.

apreender

ah-preh-en-der — To grasp, apprehend; to understand or seize mentally.

o

oo — The; definite article, masculine singular.

significado

sig-nee-fee-kah-doo — Meaning, significance; what a word or thing represents.

certas

ser-tash — Certain; specific, particular, feminine plural adjective.

passagens

pah-sah-zhensh — Passages; sections of a text or written work.

obscuras

ob-skoo-rash — Obscure; unclear, difficult to understand, feminine plural.

Na

nah — In the; contraction of preposition 'em' and article 'a'.

introdução

in-troo-doo-sowng — Introduction; opening section presenting the main subject.

foi

foy — Was, went; third person singular past tense of 'ser/ir'.

feita

fay-tah — Made, done; past participle of 'fazer', feminine form.

uma

oo-mah — A, an; indefinite article, feminine singular.

tentativa

ten-tah-tee-vah — Attempt; an effort to accomplish something.

reunir

reh-oo-neer — To gather, unite; to bring together in one place.

cultura

kool-too-rah — Culture; the customs, beliefs, and arts of a society.

do

doo — Of the; contraction of preposition 'de' and article 'o'.

tal

tal — Such, such a; used to indicate a specific thing.

como

koh-moo — As, like, how; conjunction or adverb of comparison.

aparece

ah-pah-reh-seh — Appears; third person singular present tense of 'aparecer'.

mitos

mee-toosh — Myths; traditional stories explaining cultural beliefs.

e

eh — And; coordinating conjunction connecting words or clauses.

contrastá-la

kon-trash-tah-lah — To contrast it; to compare highlighting differences, feminine object.

as

ash — The; definite article, feminine plural.

condições

kon-dee-soynsh — Conditions; circumstances or states of affairs.

crenças

kren-sash — Beliefs; convictions or accepted truths held by people.

dos

doosh — Of the; contraction of preposition 'de' and article 'os'.

dias

dee-ash — Days; periods of twenty-four hours.

atuais

ah-too-ais — Current, present; relating to the current time.

Desta

des-tah — Of this; contraction of preposition 'de' and 'esta'.

forma

for-mah — Form, way, manner; a method or shape of something.

podemos

poo-deh-moosh — We can; first person plural present tense of 'poder'.

esperar

esh-peh-rar — To hope, expect, wait; to anticipate a future event.

obter

ob-ter — To obtain, get; to acquire or achieve something.

visão

vee-zowng — Vision, view; a perspective or way of seeing things.

mais

maish — More; comparative adverb indicating a greater degree.

clara

klah-rah — Clear; easy to understand, feminine singular adjective.

da

dah — Of the; contraction of preposition 'de' and article 'a'.

sua

soo-ah — His, her, its, their; third person possessive adjective.

mental

men-tal — Mental; relating to the mind or intellectual life.

alcançar

al-kan-sar — To reach, achieve; to attain a goal or destination.

ideia

ee-day-ah — Idea; a thought or concept formed in the mind.

melhor

mel-yor — Better; comparative adjective indicating superior quality.

valores

vah-loh-resh — Values; principles or standards considered important.

atribuem

ah-tree-boo-eng — They attribute; third person plural present of 'atribuir'.

das

dash — Of the; contraction of preposition 'de' and article 'as'.

suas

soo-ash — Their, her, his; possessive adjective, feminine plural.

atividades

ah-tee-vee-dah-desh — Activities; actions or tasks performed regularly.

aquela

ah-keh-lah — That; demonstrative pronoun or adjective, feminine singular.

é

eh — Is; third person singular present tense of 'ser'.

proporcionada

proh-por-syoh-nah-dah — Provided, afforded; past participle of 'proporcionar', feminine.

pela

peh-lah — By the; contraction of 'por' and definite article 'a'.

observação

ob-ser-vah-sowng — Observation; the act of watching or noticing carefully.

direta

dee-reh-tah — Direct; straightforward, without intermediary, feminine adjective.

ou

oh — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative choice.

investigação

in-ves-tee-gah-sowng — Investigation, research; systematic inquiry into a subject.

também

tam-beng — Also, too; adverb indicating addition or agreement.

possível

poh-see-vel — Possible; able to happen or be done.

os

oosh — The; definite article, masculine plural.

proporcionem

proh-por-syoh-neng — Provide, afford; third person plural present subjunctive of 'proporcionar'.

vislumbre

vish-loom-breh — Glimpse; a brief or partial view of something.

primitivas

pree-mee-tee-vash — Primitive; relating to early or ancient conditions, feminine plural.

sob

sob — Under, beneath; preposition indicating position below.

quais

kwais — Which; relative or interrogative pronoun, plural form.

se

seh — Itself, oneself; reflexive pronoun or conditional conjunction.

desenvolveu

deh-zen-vol-veh-oo — Developed; third person singular past tense of 'desenvolver'.

antes

an-tesh — Before; adverb or preposition indicating prior time.

advento

ad-ven-too — Advent, arrival; the coming or introduction of something.

europeu

eh-oo-roh-peh-oo — European; relating to or originating from Europe.

Deve-se

deh-veh-seh — One should, it should be; impersonal obligation construction.

notar

noh-tar — To note, observe; to pay attention to something.

desde

desh-deh — Since, from; preposition indicating a starting point.

início

ee-nee-syoo — Beginning, start; the first part of something.

faz

fash — Makes, does; third person singular present of 'fazer'.

aqui

ah-kee — Here; adverb indicating the current place or location.

qualquer

kwal-ker — Any, whatever; indefinite pronoun indicating no specific one.

reconstruir

reh-kon-stroo-eer — To reconstruct; to rebuild or restore something past.

período

peh-ree-oh-doo — Period; a specific span of time or historical era.

histórico

ish-toh-ree-koo — Historical; relating to history or past events.

real

reh-al — Real, actual; existing in fact, not imaginary.

Como

koh-moo — As, how; conjunction or adverb of manner or comparison.

ficará

fee-kah-rah — Will become, will be; future tense of 'ficar'.

claro

klah-roo — Clear, obvious; easy to understand, masculine singular.

adiante

ah-dee-an-teh — Further ahead; adverb indicating something later or ahead.

parte

par-teh — Part; a portion or section of a whole.

material

mah-teh-ree-al — Material; subject matter or content of a work.

evidentemente

eh-vee-den-teh-men-teh — Evidently, clearly; in an obvious or apparent manner.

muito

mwee-too — Very, much; adverb intensifying degree or quantity.

antiga

an-tee-gah — Old, ancient; existing from a long time ago.

introduções

in-troo-doo-soynsh — Introductions; plural of 'introdução', opening sections.

posteriores

posh-teh-ree-oh-resh — Later, subsequent; coming after in time, plural adjective.

às

ash — To the; contraction of preposition 'a' and article 'as'.

podem

poh-deng — Can, are able; third person plural present of 'poder'.

ser

ser — To be; infinitive of the verb indicating identity or state.

atribuídas

ah-tree-bwee-dah-sh — Attributed; assigned or credited to, feminine plural past participle.

datas

dah-tash — Dates; specific points in time marked on calendar.

aproximadas

ah-proh-see-mah-dah-sh — Approximate; roughly estimated, not exact, feminine plural.

assumiram

ah-soo-mee-rowng — Assumed, took on; third person plural past of 'assumir'.

lugares

loo-gah-resh — Places; specific locations or positions in space.

grande

gran-deh — Great, large; of considerable size or importance.

importância

im-por-tan-syah — Importance; the quality of being significant or valuable.

enquanto

en-kwan-too — While, whereas; conjunction indicating simultaneous or contrasting action.

histórias

ish-toh-ree-ash — Stories, histories; narratives of events real or fictional.

devem

deh-veng — Must, should; third person plural present of 'dever'.

indubitavelmente

in-doo-bee-tah-vel-men-teh — Undoubtedly; without any doubt, certainly and unquestionably.

imaginações

ee-mah-zhee-nah-soynsh — Imaginations; creative mental faculties or invented ideas.

criativas

kree-ah-tee-vash — Creative; having originality and imagination, feminine plural.

sucessivos

soo-seh-see-voosh — Successive; following one after another in sequence.

contadores

kon-tah-doh-resh — Storytellers, tellers; people who narrate or recount stories.

Uma

oo-mah — A, an; indefinite article, feminine singular.

comparação

kom-pah-rah-sowng — Comparison; the act of examining similarities and differences.

destes

des-tesh — Of these; contraction of 'de' and demonstrative 'estes'.

folclore

fol-kloh-reh — Folklore; traditional stories, customs, and beliefs of people.

tribos

tree-boosh — Tribes; social groups sharing common ancestry or culture.

vizinhas

vee-zee-nyash — Neighboring; located nearby, feminine plural adjective.

seria

seh-ree-ah — Would be; third person singular conditional of 'ser'.

valor

vah-lor — Value, worth; the importance or usefulness of something.

infelizmente

in-feh-lees-men-teh — Unfortunately; in an unlucky or regrettable manner.

há

ah — There is, there are; expression of existence in Portuguese.

pouco

poh-koo — Little, few; a small amount or quantity.

disponível

dish-poh-nee-vel — Available; accessible and ready for use or access.