Traditions of the Tinguian: a Study in Philippine Folk-Lore — Page 4

Vocabulary

1月

yī yuè — January, the first month of the year.

的

de — Possessive or attributive particle indicating belonging or description.

传统

chuántǒng — Tradition; customs and practices passed down through generations.

菲律宾

Fēilǜbīn — The Philippines, an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

民间传说

mínjiān chuánshuō — Folklore; traditional stories and legends of ordinary people.

研究

yánjiū — Research; to study or investigate a subject systematically.

导言

dǎoyán — Introduction; preliminary remarks at the start of a text.

为

wèi / wéi — For the purpose of; to be; used as preposition or verb.

便于

biànyú — For the convenience of; to make something easier.

这些

zhèxiē — These; referring to a nearby group of things or people.

故事

gùshi — Story; a narrative account of events, real or fictional.

被

bèi — Passive marker indicating the subject receives an action.

大致

dàzhì — Roughly; approximately; in general terms.

分为

fēn wéi — Divided into; to categorize or split into parts.

三个

sān gè — Three (items); a quantity of three with general measure word.

部分

bùfen — Part; section; a portion of a larger whole.

第一

dì yī — First; number one in a sequence or ranking.

涉及

shèjí — To involve; to relate to or touch upon a subject.

神话

shénhuà — Myth; traditional story involving gods or supernatural beings.

时期

shíqī — Period; a span of time with particular characteristics.

包含

bāohán — To contain; to include within a set or group.

个

gè — General measure word used with people and many objects.

类型

lèixíng — Type; category; a group sharing common characteristics.

相似

xiāngsì — Similar; resembling each other in appearance or nature.

其中

qízhōng — Among them; within that group or set.

人物

rénwù — Character; figure; a person in a story or history.

大体

dàtǐ — Generally; on the whole; in most respects.

相同

xiāngtóng — Identical; the same; sharing common features entirely.

但

dàn — But; however; a conjunction indicating contrast or exception.

最后

zuìhòu — Last; final; at the end of a sequence.

五个

wǔ gè — Five (items); a quantity of five with general measure word.

并不

bìng bù — Not at all; emphatically negating a statement or assumption.

完全

wánquán — Completely; entirely; fully without exception.

契合

qìhé — To fit perfectly; to match or align closely with something.

这一

zhè yī — This one; referring to a specific previously mentioned item.

系列

xìliè — Series; a set of related items arranged in sequence.

而

ér — And; yet; but; connecting clauses with contrast or addition.

殿后

diànhòu — To bring up the rear; positioned last in a sequence.

显然

xiǎnrán — Obviously; clearly; evidently without need for explanation.

是

shì — To be; the linking verb indicating identity or existence.

一个

yī gè — One; a single item with the general measure word.

以

yǐ — Using; by means of; with a particular method or form.

古老

gǔlǎo — Ancient; very old; dating back to distant historical times.

叙事

xùshì — Narrative; the style or act of telling a story.

形式

xíngshì — Form; format; the outward shape or structure of something.

讲述

jiǎngshù — To narrate; to tell or recount a story or event.

近代

jìndài — Modern times; the recent historical era, post-medieval period.

第二

dì èr — Second; number two in a sequence or ranking.

收录

shōulù — To include; to compile and record in a collection.

了

le — Particle indicating completed action or changed situation.

仪式性

yíshì xìng — Ritualistic; having the nature or quality of a ritual.

和

hé — And; together with; connecting words or phrases.

解释性

jiěshì xìng — Explanatory; having the nature of providing explanation.

其

qí — Its; their; a third-person possessive pronoun.

目的

mùdì — Purpose; goal; the intended aim of an action.

似乎

sìhū — It seems; apparently; suggesting something without certainty.

在于

zàiyú — To lie in; to consist of; the key point is.

说明

shuōmíng — To explain; to illustrate; an explanation or description.

各种

gèzhǒng — Various; all kinds of; diverse types or categories.

仪式

yíshì — Ritual; ceremony; a formal set of actions performed.

起源

qǐyuán — Origin; the point from which something begins or derives.

或

huò — Or; either; indicating an alternative choice between options.

举行

jǔxíng — To hold; to carry out an event or ceremony formally.

方式

fāngshì — Method; manner; the way in which something is done.

对

duì — Toward; regarding; a preposition indicating direction or object.

某些

mǒuxiē — Certain; some specific but unspecified things or people.

神灵

shénlíng — Deity; spirit; a divine or supernatural spiritual being.

神圣

shénshèng — Sacred; holy; regarded with great reverence and respect.

器物

qìwù — Artifact; implement; a physical object used for purposes.

信仰

xìnyǎng — Belief; faith; strong conviction in a religion or idea.

太阳

tàiyáng — The sun; the star at the center of our solar system.

与

yǔ — And; with; together with, used in formal written Chinese.

月亮

yuèliang — The moon; the natural satellite orbiting the Earth.

及

jí — And; as well as; used to connect items formally.

其他

qítā — Other; the rest; additional items not yet mentioned.

自然

zìrán — Nature; natural; the physical world and its phenomena.

现象

xiànxiàng — Phenomenon; an observable event or occurrence in nature.

存在

cúnzài — To exist; existence; being present or occurring in reality.

以及

yǐjí — As well as; and also; connecting additional items formally.

火

huǒ — Fire; flame; combustion producing heat and light.

食用

shíyòng — Edible; used for eating; suitable for human consumption.

植物

zhíwù — Plant; vegetation; living organisms that photosynthesize.

鸟类

niǎolèi — Birds; the class of feathered winged vertebrate animals.

家畜

jiāchù — Livestock; domesticated animals raised for use or food.

乃至

nǎizhì — Even; and even; extending to an extreme or unexpected case.

神奇

shénqí — Magical; wonderful; mysterious and astonishing in nature.

陶罐

táoguàn — Earthenware jar; a pot made from fired clay.

珠子

zhūzi — Bead; a small round object often used in jewelry.

获得

huòdé — To obtain; to acquire; to gain something through effort.

此处

cǐchù — Here; at this point; referring to the current location or text.

应当

yīngdāng — Should; ought to; indicating obligation or appropriateness.

指出

zhǐchū — To point out; to indicate; to note something specifically.

就

jiù — Regarding; then; with respect to; a versatile function word.

目前

mùqián — Currently; at present; referring to the current moment.

所知

suǒ zhī — What is known; knowledge available at a given time.

一些

yīxiē — Some; a few; an unspecified small quantity of things.

最

zuì — Most; the superlative degree marker in Chinese.

普遍

pǔbiàn — Universal; widespread; occurring commonly across many contexts.

重要

zhòngyào — Important; significant; of great value or consequence.

并无

bìng wú — Has none; emphatically lacks; does not have at all.

任何

rènhé — Any; whatever; referring to things without restriction.

相伴

xiāng bàn — To accompany; to go together with something or someone.

却

què — Yet; but; however; indicating an unexpected contrast.

全体

quántǐ — Entire; all members; the whole group without exception.

民众

mínzhòng — The people; the general public; ordinary citizens collectively.

所

suǒ — Particle used before verbs to nominalize or emphasize them.

熟知

shúzhī — Well-known; familiar; thoroughly known by many people.

并

bìng — And; moreover; simultaneously; used for parallel actions.

几乎

jīhū — Almost; nearly; very close to a complete degree.

一成不变

yī chéng bù biàn — Unchanging; always the same; fixed without any variation.

地

de — Adverbial particle linking adjective or adverb to a verb.

世代相传

shìdài xiāng chuán — Passed down through generations; transmitted across many ages.

第三

dì sān — Third; number three in a sequence or ranking.

普通

pǔtōng — Ordinary; common; not special or distinguished in any way.

父母

fùmǔ — Parents; father and mother together as a pair.

用

yòng — To use; by means of; employing something as a tool.

逗

dòu — To tease; to amuse; to make someone laugh playfully.

孩子

háizi — Child; children; young offspring of a person.

开心

kāixīn — Happy; joyful; feeling pleasure and delight.

男男女女

nán nán nǚ nǚ — Men and women; people of both sexes together.

则

zé — Then; in that case; a conjunction showing contrast or result.

在

zài — At; in; located at a place or time.

田间

tiánjiān — In the fields; among the farmland and agricultural areas.

小屋

xiǎowū — Small hut; cottage; a tiny simple dwelling or shelter.

中

zhōng — In; inside; within a place, group, or time period.

闲坐

xián zuò — To sit idly; to rest leisurely without doing work.

时

shí — When; at the time of; a temporal conjunction.

小路

xiǎolù — Path; small road; a narrow way for walking.

上

shàng — On; above; upon a surface or location.

驻足

zhùzú — To stop and stand; to pause while walking somewhere.

休憩

xiūqì — To rest; to take a break; to recuperate briefly.

抽烟

chōuyān — To smoke; to inhale tobacco from a cigarette or pipe.

消磨

xiāomó — To while away; to pass time idly or leisurely.

午间

wǔjiān — Midday; noon time; the period around the middle of day.

时光

shíguāng — Time; the passage of time experienced in daily life.