Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 1

Vocabulary

et

Conjunction meaning 'and'

DE

Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

LA

Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular)

DÉSOBÉISSANCE

Act of refusing to obey rules or authority

CIVILE

Relating to citizens or civil society

par

Preposition meaning 'by' or 'through'

Table

Flat surface; also used in 'table of contents'

des

Contraction of 'de les,' meaning 'of the'

matières

Subjects or topics; used in 'table of contents'

Économie

Economy; management of resources and finances

Où

Interrogative or relative pronoun meaning 'where'

j'

Contracted form of 'je,' meaning 'I'

ai

First person singular of 'avoir,' meaning 'have'

vécu

Past participle of 'vivre,' meaning 'lived'

pourquoi

Adverb meaning 'why'

y

Adverbial pronoun meaning 'there' or 'it'

Lecture

Act of reading; a reading session

Sons

Plural of 'son,' meaning sounds or noises

Solitude

State of being alone, away from others

Visiteurs

Plural of 'visiteur,' meaning visitors or guests

Le

Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular)

Champ

Open field or area of land

de

Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

haricots

Plural of 'haricot,' meaning beans

Village

Small rural community or settlement

Les

Definite article meaning 'the' (plural)

Étangs

Plural of 'étang,' meaning ponds or small lakes

Ferme

Farm; agricultural property with buildings

Lois

Plural of 'loi,' meaning laws or rules

supérieures

Higher or superior in rank, quality, or nature

Voisins

Plural of 'voisin,' meaning neighbors

la

Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular)

nature

The natural world; flora, fauna, and environment

brute

Raw, wild, or unrefined; crude in character

Pendaison

Hanging; act of suspending something

crémaillère

Housewarming; pot-hook used over a fireplace

Anciens

Former or ancient; people from the past

habitants

Inhabitants or residents of a place

visiteurs

Visitors or guests coming to see someone

d'

Contracted form of 'de,' meaning 'of' or 'from'

hiver

The winter season

Animaux

Plural of 'animal,' meaning animals

L'

Contracted definite article 'le' or 'la' before vowel

Étang

A pond or small body of still water

en

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'on'; also a pronoun

Printemps

The spring season

Conclusion

Final section summarizing or closing a work

Je

First person singular pronoun meaning 'I'

ne

Negative particle used with 'pas' to negate verbs

me

Reflexive or object pronoun meaning 'me' or 'myself'

propose

First person singular of 'proposer,' meaning 'intend'

pas

Negative particle meaning 'not'

écrire

Infinitive meaning 'to write'

une

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (feminine)

ode

Lyric poem of praise dedicated to a subject

à

Preposition meaning 'to,' 'at,' or 'in'

l'

Contracted definite article before a vowel sound

abattement

Despondency, dejection, or low spirits

mais

Conjunction meaning 'but'

vanter

To praise, boast about, or extol something

aussi

Adverb meaning 'also,' 'too,' or 'as well'

vigoureusement

Adverb meaning vigorously, with energy and strength

que

Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that,' 'which,' 'as'

le

Definite article or pronoun meaning 'the' or 'it'

coq

A rooster; adult male domestic chicken

chantant

Present participle of 'chanter,' meaning singing

matin

Morning; the early part of the day

perché

Past participle of 'percher,' meaning perched or roosted

sur

Preposition meaning 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over'

son

Possessive adjective meaning 'his,' 'her,' or 'its'

serait

Conditional form of 'être,' meaning 'would be'

ce

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this,' 'that,' or 'it'

pour

Preposition meaning 'for,' 'in order to'

réveiller

To wake someone up or to awaken

mes

Possessive adjective meaning 'my' (plural)

voisins

Neighbors; people living nearby

Lorsque

Conjunction meaning 'when' or 'at the time that'

écrivis

Simple past of 'écrire,' meaning 'I wrote'

les

Definite article or pronoun meaning 'the' (plural)

pages

Plural of 'page'; sheets of a written document

suivantes

Feminine plural of 'suivant,' meaning following or next

ou

Conjunction meaning 'or'

plutôt

Adverb meaning 'rather' or 'instead'

majeure

Feminine of 'majeur,' meaning major or greater part

partie

A part, portion, or section of something

entre

Preposition meaning 'between' or 'among'

elles

Third person feminine plural pronoun meaning 'they'

je

First person singular pronoun meaning 'I'

vivais

Imperfect of 'vivre,' meaning 'I was living'

seul

Adjective meaning alone, solitary, or by oneself

dans

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'inside'

bois

Woods or forest; also wood as a material

un

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'one' (masculine)

mille

The number one thousand; also a unit of distance

tout

Adjective or adverb meaning 'all,' 'every,' or 'quite'

voisin

Neighbor; person or thing situated nearby

maison

House or home where someone lives

avais

Imperfect of 'avoir,' meaning 'I had'

construite

Feminine past participle of 'construire,' meaning built

moi

Stressed pronoun meaning 'me' or 'I'

même

Adjective or adverb meaning 'same,' 'even,' or 'self'

rivage

Shore, bank, or waterside edge of a body of water

étang

A pond or small body of still water

gagnais

Imperfect of 'gagner,' meaning 'I was earning'

ma

Possessive adjective meaning 'my' (feminine singular)

vie

Life; one's existence or way of living

uniquement

Adverb meaning solely, only, or exclusively

travail

Work, labor, or a job or task

mains

Plural of 'main,' meaning hands

J'

Contracted form of 'je,' meaning 'I'

vécus

Simple past of 'vivre,' meaning 'I lived'

deux

The number two

ans

Plural of 'an,' meaning years of age or duration

mois

Month; one of the twelve divisions of the year

À

Preposition meaning 'to,' 'at,' or 'in'

présent

Now; the current time or moment

suis

First person singular of 'être,' meaning 'I am'

nouveau

Adjective meaning new or another, fresh

hôte

Host or guest; person who receives or is received

passage

Passage, transit; act of passing through a place

civilisée

Feminine of 'civilisé,' meaning civilized or cultured

n'

Contracted form of 'ne,' negative particle

imposerais

Conditional of 'imposer,' meaning 'I would impose'

autant

Adverb meaning 'as much,' 'so much,' or 'as many'

affaires

Affairs, matters, or business dealings

attention

Attention; mental focus given to something

lecteurs

Plural of 'lecteur,' meaning readers

si

Conjunction meaning 'if'; also adverb meaning 'so'

concitoyens

Fellow citizens sharing the same country or community

avaient

Third person plural imperfect of 'avoir,' meaning 'had'

formulé

Past participle of 'formuler,' meaning formulated or asked

questions

Plural of 'question,' meaning questions or inquiries

très

Adverb meaning 'very' or 'extremely'

précises

Feminine plural of 'précis,' meaning precise or exact

concernant

Preposition meaning concerning, regarding, or about

mon

Possessive adjective meaning 'my' (masculine singular)

mode

Mode, manner, or way of doing something

certains

Some; certain people or things

qualifieraient

Conditional of 'qualifier,' meaning 'would qualify'

impertinentes

Impertinent, rude, or inappropriately bold questions

bien

Adverb meaning 'well'; also noun meaning 'good'

qu'

Contracted form of 'que,' meaning 'that' or 'which'

semblent

Third person plural of 'sembler,' meaning 'seem'

nullement

Adverb meaning not at all or in no way

compte

Account or count; 'tenir compte' means to take into account

tenu

Past participle of 'tenir,' meaning held or taken

circonstances

Plural of 'circonstance,' meaning circumstances or conditions

fait

Noun meaning fact; also past participle of 'faire'

naturelles

Feminine plural of 'naturel,' meaning natural

pertinentes

Feminine plural of 'pertinent,' meaning relevant or apt

Certains

Some people; certain individuals

ont

Third person plural of 'avoir,' meaning 'have'

demandé

Past participle of 'demander,' meaning asked or requested

mangeais

Imperfect of 'manger,' meaning 'I was eating'

sentais

Imperfect of 'sentir,' meaning 'I felt' or 'smelled'

peur

Fear or fright; feeling of being afraid

ainsi

Adverb meaning 'thus,' 'so,' or 'in this way'

suite

Continuation; 'ainsi de suite' means 'and so on'