Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 6

Vocabulary

En

Preposition meaning 'in' or 'in a state of'

réalité

Reality; the actual state of things

l'

Contracted definite article 'the' before vowel

homme

Man; adult male human being

laborieux

Hardworking; involving much effort and toil

n'

Contracted negation particle 'ne' before vowel

a

Has; third-person singular present of 'avoir'

pas

Not; negation word used with 'ne'

le

The; masculine singular definite article

loisir

Leisure; free time for enjoyment and rest

d'

Contracted preposition 'de' before vowel sound

une

A; feminine singular indefinite article

véritable

True; genuine and authentic, not false

intégrité

Integrity; quality of being honest and morally upright

au

To the; contracted form of 'à le'

jour

Day; a 24-hour period of time

il

He; third-person masculine singular pronoun

ne

Not; first part of French negation construction

peut

Can; third-person singular of 'pouvoir'

se

Himself/herself; reflexive pronoun third person

permettre

To allow; to permit oneself to do something

entretenir

To maintain; to keep up relationships or things

les

The; plural definite article for all genders

relations

Relations; connections or dealings between people

plus

More; comparative adverb indicating greater degree

viriles

Manly; having strong, vigorous masculine qualities

avec

With; preposition indicating association or accompaniment

hommes

Men; plural of homme, male human beings

son

His/her/its; possessive adjective third person singular

travail

Work; labor or employment one does regularly

serait

Would be; conditional of 'être'

déprécié

Depreciated; reduced in value or esteem

sur

On; preposition indicating position above something

marché

Market; place where goods or labor are exchanged

Il

He/it; third-person masculine singular pronoun

temps

Time; the ongoing progression of existence

être

To be; fundamental verb of existence and state

autre

Other; different or additional person or thing

chose

Thing; an object, matter, or concept

qu'

Than/that; conjunction before vowel sound

machine

Machine; mechanical device performing tasks automatically

Comment

How; interrogative adverb asking about manner

bien

Well; in a good or proper manner

souvenir

To remember; to recall something from memory

de

Of/from; preposition indicating origin or possession

ignorance

Ignorance; lack of knowledge or awareness

que

That/which; conjunction or relative pronoun

sa

His/her; feminine possessive adjective third person

croissance

Growth; process of developing or increasing in size

exige

Requires; demands something as necessary or essential

lui

Him/her; third-person singular indirect object pronoun

qui

Who/which; relative or interrogative pronoun

doit

Must; third-person singular of 'devoir'

si

So/if; adverb or conjunction of condition

souvent

Often; happening frequently or many times

faire

To do/make; fundamental action verb

usage

Use; the act of employing something

savoir

Knowledge; to know facts or information

Nous

We; first-person plural subject pronoun

devrions

Should; conditional of 'devoir', expressing obligation

parfois

Sometimes; occasionally, not always

nourrir

To feed; to provide food for sustenance

et

And; coordinating conjunction linking elements

habiller

To dress; to provide or put on clothing

gratuitement

For free; without charge or payment

ranimer

To revive; to bring back life or energy

nos

Our; first-person plural possessive adjective

cordiales

Cordial; warm, friendly, and heartfelt in manner

attentions

Attentions; acts of care and consideration toward others

avant

Before; prior to in time or order

juger

To judge; to form an opinion about someone

Les

The; plural definite article for all genders

belles

Beautiful; feminine plural of 'beau', lovely

qualités

Qualities; positive characteristics or attributes of something

notre

Our; first-person plural possessive adjective singular

nature

Nature; the innate character or disposition of something

comme

Like/as; conjunction or preposition of comparison

duvet

Down; soft fine feathers or fuzz on fruit

fruits

Fruits; edible products of plants containing seeds

peuvent

Can; third-person plural present of 'pouvoir'

préservées

Preserved; kept safe and protected from damage

par

By/through; preposition of means or agency

maniement

Handling; the way something is managed or touched

délicat

Delicate; requiring careful and gentle handling

Pourtant

Yet/however; conjunction expressing contrast or surprise

nous

We/us; first-person plural pronoun

traitons

Treat; first-person plural of 'traiter'

mêmes

Same/selves; emphasizing identity or similarity

ni

Neither/nor; negative conjunction linking alternatives

uns

Ones; indefinite pronoun referring to people

autres

Others; the remaining or different people or things

telle

Such; demonstrative adjective indicating a degree

tendresse

Tenderness; gentle affection and kindness toward others

Certains

Some/certain; referring to an unspecified group

entre

Among/between; preposition indicating relation of elements

vous

You; second-person plural or formal pronoun

savons

Know; first-person plural present of 'savoir'

tous

All; everyone or everything included without exception

sont

Are; third-person plural present of 'être'

pauvres

Poor; having very little money or resources

ont

Have; third-person plural present of 'avoir'

du

Some/of the; contracted form of 'de le'

mal

Difficulty/harm; trouble or pain in doing something

à

To/at; preposition indicating direction or purpose

vivre

To live; to exist and sustain one's life

pour

For; preposition indicating purpose or intended recipient

ainsi

Thus/so; in this way, therefore

dire

To say; to express something in words

bout

End/edge; the extreme point or limit

souffle

Breath; air exhaled from the lungs

Je

I; first-person singular subject pronoun

doute

Doubt; uncertainty or lack of conviction

certains

Some; certain unspecified members of a group

lisez

Read; second-person plural present of 'lire'

ce

This; demonstrative adjective or pronoun

livre

Book; a written or printed literary work

incapables

Incapable; unable to do or afford something

payer

To pay; to give money in exchange for something

repas

Meal; food eaten at a particular time

avez

Have; second-person plural present of 'avoir'

réellement

Really; in actual fact, truly and genuinely

mangés

Eaten; past participle plural of 'manger'

ou

Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option

manteaux

Coats; outer garments worn for warmth

chaussures

Shoes; footwear worn to protect the feet

s'

Oneself; reflexive pronoun before vowel sound

usent

Wear out; become damaged through repeated use

rapidement

Quickly; at a fast speed or rate

déjà

Already; by this time, previously occurred

usés

Worn out; damaged or exhausted through use

êtes

Are; second-person plural present of 'être'

venus

Come; masculine plural past participle of 'venir'

cette

This; feminine singular demonstrative adjective

page

Page; one side of a leaf in a book

passer

To spend/pass; to go through or spend time

un

A/one; masculine singular indefinite article

emprunté

Borrowed; obtained temporarily from someone else

volé

Stolen; taken illegally without permission

dérobant

Stealing/pilfering; taking secretly without permission

vos

Your; second-person plural possessive adjective

créanciers

Creditors; people to whom money is owed

heure

Hour; a period of sixty minutes

leur

Their/to them; third-person plural possessive pronoun

dû

Owed/due; past participle of 'devoir', something owed