Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 15
The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, be distributed under the several heads of Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel; for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success.
この気候における人間の生活必需品は、食料、住居、衣服、燃料という几つかの項目に十分正確に分類することができる。なぜなら、これらを確保して初めて、我々は自由と成功の見通しをもって人生の真の問題に取り組む準備ができるからだ。
Man has invented, not only houses, but clothes and cooked food; and possibly from the accidental discovery of the warmth of fire, and the consequent use of it, at first a luxury, arose the present necessity to sit by it.
人間は家屋だけでなく、衣服や調理された食物をも発明した。そしておそらく、火の暖かさの偶然の発見と、最初は贅沢品としてのその使用から、今日の火のそばに座るという必要性が生まれたのだろう。
We observe cats and dogs acquiring the same second nature.
我々は猫や犬が同じような第二の本性を身につけるのを観察する。
By proper Shelter and Clothing we legitimately retain our own internal heat; but with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an external heat greater than our own internal, may not cookery properly be said to begin?
適切な住居と衣服によって我々は正当に自分自身の体内の熱を保持する。しかし、これらの過剰、あるいは燃料の過剰、すなわち自分自身の体内の熱よりも大きな外部の熱によって、料理が始まると適切に言えるのではないだろうか。
Darwin, the naturalist, says of the inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, that while his own party, who were well clothed and sitting close to a fire, were far from too warm, these naked savages, who were farther off, were observed, to his great surprise, "to be streaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting."
博物学者ダーウィンは、ティエラ・デル・フエゴの住民について、十分に着込んで火のそばに座っていた彼自身の一行が暖かさとはほど遠かった一方で、より遠くにいたその裸の野蛮人たちが、彼の大きな驚きをもって、「そのような焙りを受けて汗をしたたらせている」のを観察されたと述べている。
So, we are told, the New Hollander goes naked with impunity, while the European shivers in his clothes.
また、ニュー・ホランダー（オーストラリア先住民）は罰せられることなく裸で過ごす一方で、ヨーロッパ人は衣服を着ていても震えているとも言われている。
Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man?
これらの野蛮人の強靭さと文明人の知性を組み合わせることは不可能なのだろうか。
According to Liebig, man's body is a stove, and food the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion in the lungs.
リービッヒによれば、人体はストーブであり、食物は肺の中の内部燃焼を維持する燃料である。
Vocabulary
- この
- kono — This (adjective modifying a noun).
- 気候
- kikō — Climate; atmospheric weather conditions of a region.
- における
- ni okeru — In; at; within (formal locative expression).
- 人間
- ningen — Human being; mankind; person.
- の
- no — Possessive or nominalizing particle.
- 生活
- seikatsu — Daily life; living; lifestyle.
- 必需品
- hitsujuhin — Necessities; essential goods required for living.
- は
- wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject.
- 食料
- shokuryō — Food; provisions; foodstuffs for sustenance.
- 住居
- jūkyo — Dwelling; residence; place where one lives.
- 衣服
- ifuku — Clothing; garments; items worn on the body.
- 燃料
- nenryō — Fuel; material burned to produce energy.
- という
- to iu — Called; known as; such as (quoting or naming).
- 几つか
- ikutsuka — Several; a few; some number of things.
- 項目
- kōmoku — Item; entry; category in a list.
- に
- ni — Particle indicating direction, location, or target.
- 十分
- jūbun — Sufficient; enough; adequately.
- 正確
- seikaku — Accurate; precise; exactly correct.
- 分類
- bunrui — Classification; categorization; sorting into groups.
- する
- suru — To do; to perform; general action verb.
- こと
- koto — Thing; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases.
- が
- ga — Subject-marking particle; also indicates contrast.
- できる
- dekiru — Can do; to be able to; to be possible.
- なぜなら
- nazenara — Because; the reason being; for the reason that.
- これら
- korera — These; plural demonstrative pronoun for nearby things.
- を
- wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.
- 確保
- kakuho — To secure; to ensure; to obtain and keep.
- し
- shi — Conjunctive form of suru; and/also connector.
- て
- te — Te-form particle connecting sequential actions.
- 初めて
- hajimete — For the first time; only after; then and only then.
- 我々
- wareware — We; us; formal first-person plural pronoun.
- 自由
- jiyū — Freedom; liberty; being free from constraints.
- と
- to — And; with; quotation particle connecting nouns.
- 成功
- seikō — Success; achievement; accomplishment of a goal.
- 見通し
- mitooshi — Outlook; prospect; foresight; visibility ahead.
- もって
- motte — Having; with; by means of.
- 人生
- jinsei — Life; one's life journey; human existence.
- 真
- shin — True; real; genuine; authentic.
- 問題
- mondai — Problem; question; issue to be addressed.
- 取り組む
- torikumu — To tackle; to grapple with; to engage in.
- 準備
- junbi — Preparation; readiness; getting ready for something.
- から
- kara — From; because; starting point or cause particle.
- だ
- da — Copula; plain-form equivalent of desu (is/am/are).
- 家屋
- kaoku — House; building; residential structure.
- だけ
- dake — Only; just; nothing more than.
- で
- de — Particle indicating location of action or means.
- なく
- naku — Without; not; negative conjunctive form.
- や
- ya — And; listing particle implying non-exhaustive list.
- 調理
- chōri — Cooking; food preparation; culinary processing.
- さ
- sa — Passive or nominalizing suffix; softening particle.
- れ
- re — Passive voice auxiliary verb suffix.
- た
- ta — Past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action.
- 食物
- shokumotsu — Food; edible matter; things consumed as nourishment.
- も
- mo — Also; too; even; inclusive addition particle.
- 発明
- hatsumei — Invention; creating something new for the first time.
- そして
- soshite — And then; furthermore; connecting clauses sequentially.
- おそらく
- osoraku — Probably; perhaps; most likely.
- 火
- hi — Fire; flame; burning combustion.
- 暖か
- atataka — Warm; mild; comfortably heated.
- 偶然
- gūzen — By chance; accidental; coincidental occurrence.
- 発見
- hakken — Discovery; finding something previously unknown.
- 最初
- saisho — First; beginning; at the very start.
- 贅沢品
- zeitakuhin — Luxury item; non-essential indulgent goods.
- として
- toshite — As; in the capacity of; regarded as.
- その
- sono — That; the (demonstrative adjective for nearby reference).
- 使用
- shiyō — Use; usage; utilization of something.
- 今日
- kyō / konnichi — Today; the present day; nowadays.
- そば
- soba — Beside; near; close to (also a type of noodle).
- 座る
- suwaru — To sit; to take a seated position.
- 必要性
- hitsuyōsei — Necessity; need; essential requirement for something.
- 生まれ
- umare — Birth; origin; to be born (noun/verb form).
- だろう
- darō — Probably; I suppose; expressing conjecture or supposition.
- 猫
- neko — Cat; domestic feline animal.
- 犬
- inu — Dog; domestic canine animal.
- 同じ
- onaji — Same; identical; equal in nature or kind.
- よう
- yō — Like; similar to; seeming; resembling.
- な
- na — Adjectival copula linking na-adjectives to nouns.
- 第二
- daini — Second; number two in an ordered sequence.
- 本性
- honshō — True nature; innate character; one's real disposition.
- 身につける
- mi ni tsukeru — To acquire; to learn and make one's own skill.
- 観察
- kansatsu — Observation; watching carefully and noting details.
- 適切
- tekisetsu — Appropriate; suitable; fitting for the situation.
- によって
- ni yotte — By means of; depending on; according to.
- 正当
- seitō — Legitimate; justified; rightful; proper and valid.
- 自分
- jibun — Oneself; myself; reflexive pronoun in Japanese.
- 自身
- jishin — Oneself; itself; emphasizing the self or identity.
- 体内
- tainai — Inside the body; within one's physical body.
- 熱
- netsu — Heat; fever; thermal energy; warmth.
- 保持
- hoji — Retention; maintaining; keeping something in place.
- しかし
- shikashi — However; but; nevertheless; adversative conjunction.
- 過剰
- kajō — Excess; surplus; more than necessary or appropriate.
- あるいは
- arui wa — Or; alternatively; either one or the other.
- すなわち
- sunawachi — That is; namely; in other words; to be precise.
- より
- yori — Than; from; more than (comparative particle).
- 大きな
- ōkina — Large; big; great in size or scale.
- 外部
- gaibu — External; outside; pertaining to the exterior.
- 料理
- ryōri — Cooking; cuisine; a prepared dish or meal.
- 始まる
- hajimaru — To begin; to start; to commence (intransitive).
- 言える
- ieru — Can say; to be able to state or assert.
- ない
- nai — Not; does not exist; negative auxiliary adjective.
- か
- ka — Question particle; or; uncertainty marker.
- 博物学者
- hakubutsu gakusha — Naturalist; scholar who studies natural history.
- 住民
- jūmin — Resident; inhabitant; people living in an area.
- について
- ni tsuite — About; concerning; regarding a topic.
- 着込ん
- kikimon (kikokon) — Wearing layers; bundled up in clothing.
- 座っ
- suwatte — Seated; sitting (te-form of suwaru).
- い
- i — Auxiliary indicating ongoing state (iru form).
- 彼
- kare — He; him; third-person male pronoun.
- 一行
- ikkō — A party; a group traveling together.
- ほど
- hodo — About; approximately; to the extent that.
- 遠かっ
- tōkatta — Was far; distant (past tense of tōi).
- 一方
- ippō — On the other hand; meanwhile; one side.
- 遠く
- tōku — Far away; in the distance; remotely.
- 裸
- hadaka — Naked; bare; without clothing.
- 野蛮人
- yabanjin — Savage; barbarian; uncivilized person (dated term).
- たち
- tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.
- 驚き
- odoroki — Surprise; astonishment; a shocking discovery.
- 焙り
- aburi — Roasting; grilling; warming over a flame.
- 受け
- uke — Receiving; accepting; undergoing something.
- 汗
- ase — Sweat; perspiration produced by the body.
- せ
- se — Causative suffix or conjugation element.
- いる
- iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings).
- 述べ
- nobe — To state; to describe; to express in words.
- また
- mata — Also; again; furthermore; in addition.
- 先住民
- senjūmin — Indigenous people; native inhabitants of a region.
- 罰せ
- bassse — To be punished; penalized (passive/causative form).
- られる
- rareru — Passive auxiliary; can be done; is done to one.
- 過ごす
- sugosu — To spend time; to pass the hours; to live through.
- ヨーロッパ人
- Yōroppa-jin — European person; someone from Europe.
- 着て
- kite — Wearing; having put on clothing (te-form of kiru).
- 震え
- furue — Trembling; shivering; shaking from cold or fear.
- 言わ
- iwa — Say (negative/conjunctive base of iu/yū).
- 強靭
- kyōjin — Tough; resilient; strong and durable in nature.
- 文明人
- bunmeijin — Civilized person; someone from a developed society.
- 知性
- chisei — Intellect; intelligence; rational mental capacity.
- 組み合わせる
- kumiawaseru — To combine; to put together; to mix elements.
- 不可能
- fukanō — Impossible; not able to be done; infeasible.
- 人体
- jintai — The human body; the physical form of a person.
- ストーブ
- sutōbu — Stove; heater; device producing warmth.
- あり
- ari — Is; exists; there is (classical/formal form of aru).
- 肺
- hai — Lungs; the respiratory organs in the chest.
- 中
- naka — Inside; within; middle; interior of something.
- 内部
- naibu — Interior; inside; the inner part of something.
- 燃焼
- nenshō — Combustion; burning; the process of oxidation producing heat.
- 維持
- iji — Maintenance; sustaining; keeping something in condition.
- ある
- aru — To exist; there is/are (for inanimate objects).
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