Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 1

Vocabulary

e

Conjunction meaning 'and'

SOBRE

Preposition meaning 'about' or 'on'

O

Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular)

DEVER

Duty, obligation; also modal verb 'must'

DA

Contraction of 'de' and 'a', meaning 'of the'

DESOBEDIÊNCIA

The act of refusing to obey rules or authority

CIVIL

Relating to citizens or civic society

por

Preposition meaning 'by' or 'for'

Conteúdo

Content or contents of a document or book

Economia

Economy; management of resources and finances

Onde

Adverb meaning 'where'

Vivi

First-person past tense of 'viver', meaning 'I lived'

Para

Preposition meaning 'for', 'to', or 'in order to'

Que

Conjunction or pronoun meaning 'that', 'which', or 'what'

Leitura

The act of reading; a reading or text

Sons

Sounds; auditory perceptions or noises

Solidão

Solitude; the state of being alone

Visitantes

Visitors; people who come to see someone or somewhere

Campo

Field, countryside, or rural area

de

Preposition meaning 'of' or 'from'

Feijão

Bean; a common legume used in Brazilian cuisine

A

Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine singular)

Vila

Village or small town

Os

Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine plural)

Lagos

Lakes; bodies of water surrounded by land

Fazenda

Farm or large rural estate

Leis

Laws; rules established by authority or government

Superiores

Superior; higher in rank, quality, or importance

Vizinhos

Neighbors; people living nearby

Brutos

Brutes; crude, rough, or brutish beings

Inauguração

Inauguration; official opening or beginning of something

da

Contraction of 'de' and 'a', meaning 'of the'

Casa

House or home

Antigos

Ancient, old, or former

Habitantes

Inhabitants; people who live in a place

Inverno

Winter; the coldest season of the year

Animais

Animals; living creatures other than humans

do

Contraction of 'de' and 'o', meaning 'of the'

Lago

Lake; a large body of inland water

no

Contraction of 'em' and 'o', meaning 'in the'

Primavera

Spring; the season between winter and summer

Conclusão

Conclusion; the final part or outcome of something

Não

Negation meaning 'no' or 'not'

me

First-person singular object pronoun meaning 'me'

proponho

First-person singular of 'propor'; I propose or intend

a

Preposition or feminine article meaning 'to' or 'the'

escrever

To write; to produce written text

uma

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (feminine)

ode

Ode; a type of lyrical poem of praise

ao

Contraction of 'a' and 'o', meaning 'to the'

abatimento

Dejection, discouragement, or low spirits

mas

Conjunction meaning 'but'

vangloriar

To boast or brag about oneself

tão

Adverb meaning 'so' or 'as' in comparisons

vigorosamente

Vigorously; with great energy or strength

quanto

Adverb meaning 'as much as' or 'how much'

o

Definite article meaning 'the' (masculine singular)

galo

Rooster; a male chicken known for crowing

pela

Contraction of 'por' and 'a', meaning 'by the'

manhã

Morning; the early part of the day

parado

Stopped or standing still; stationary

em

Preposition meaning 'in', 'on', or 'at'

seu

Possessive pronoun meaning 'his', 'her', or 'your'

poleiro

Perch; a rod or bar where birds rest

ainda

Adverb meaning 'still', 'yet', or 'even'

que

Conjunction meaning 'that', 'which', or 'who'

apenas

Adverb meaning 'only', 'just', or 'merely'

para

Preposition meaning 'for', 'to', or 'in order to'

despertar

To awaken or arouse from sleep

meus

Possessive pronoun meaning 'my' (masculine plural)

vizinhos

Neighbors; people who live nearby

Quando

Conjunction or adverb meaning 'when'

escrevi

First-person past tense of 'escrever'; I wrote

as

Definite article meaning 'the' (feminine plural)

páginas

Pages; individual sheets or sides of a book

seguintes

Following; the ones that come next

ou

Conjunction meaning 'or'

melhor

Better or best; superior in quality

maior

Larger or greater; superior in size or amount

parte

Part or portion of a whole

delas

Contraction of 'de' and 'elas', meaning 'of them'

vivia

Imperfect past of 'viver'; I was living

sozinho

Alone, by oneself, without company

na

Contraction of 'em' and 'a', meaning 'in the'

floresta

Forest; a large area covered with trees

milha

Mile; a unit of distance measurement

qualquer

Any; whichever one among multiple options

vizinho

Neighbor; a person living nearby

numa

Contraction of 'em' and 'uma', meaning 'in a'

casa

House or home

eu

First-person singular pronoun meaning 'I'

mesmo

Same; oneself; even — used for emphasis

havia

Past tense of 'haver'; had or there was

construído

Built or constructed; past participle of 'construir'

à

Contraction of 'a' and 'a', meaning 'at the'

beira

Edge, shore, or bank of a body of water

ganhava

Imperfect past of 'ganhar'; I was earning or winning

meu

Possessive pronoun meaning 'my' (masculine singular)

sustento

Livelihood or sustenance; means of financial support

com

Preposition meaning 'with'

trabalho

Work or labor; the effort applied to a task

minhas

Possessive pronoun meaning 'my' (feminine plural)

mãos

Hands; the body parts at the end of arms

lá

Adverb meaning 'there'; at that place

dois

Number meaning 'two'

anos

Years; units of time equal to twelve months

meses

Months; divisions of the calendar year

Atualmente

Currently or nowadays; at the present time

sou

First-person singular of 'ser'; I am

novamente

Again; once more; anew

um

Indefinite article meaning 'a' or 'an' (masculine)

peregrino

Pilgrim or wanderer; one who travels to a sacred place

vida

Life; the state of being alive

civilizada

Civilized; relating to an advanced, organized society

deveria

Conditional of 'dever'; should or ought to

impor

To impose; to force something upon someone

tanto

So much; as much; to such a degree

assuntos

Subjects or matters; topics under discussion

atenção

Attention; the act of focusing the mind on something

leitores

Readers; people who read texts or books

se

Reflexive pronoun or conjunction meaning 'if' or 'oneself'

indagações

Inquiries or questions; acts of seeking information

muito

Adverb meaning 'very', 'much', or 'a lot'

específicas

Specific; precise or particular in nature

não

Negation meaning 'no' or 'not'

tivessem

Subjunctive past of 'ter'; they had (hypothetical)

sido

Past participle of 'ser'; been

feitas

Past participle of 'fazer'; made or done (feminine plural)

concidadãos

Fellow citizens; people sharing the same citizenship

acerca

Preposition meaning 'about' or 'concerning'

modo

Mode or manner; way of doing something

alguns

Some; a few; an unspecified number of

chamariam

Conditional of 'chamar'; they would call

impertinentes

Impertinent; rude, irrelevant, or inappropriate

embora

Conjunction meaning 'although' or 'even though'

pareçam

Subjunctive of 'parecer'; they may seem or appear

algum

Some; any; an unspecified one (masculine singular)

considerando

Considering; taking into account or reflecting upon

circunstâncias

Circumstances; conditions surrounding a situation or event

naturais

Natural; existing in or caused by nature

pertinentes

Pertinent or relevant; closely related to the matter

Alguns

Some; a few; an unspecified number of

perguntaram

Third-person plural past of 'perguntar'; they asked

comia

Imperfect past of 'comer'; I was eating or ate

sentia

Imperfect past of 'sentir'; I was feeling

solitário

Lonely or solitary; alone and without company

tinha

Imperfect past of 'ter'; I had or was having

medo

Fear; a feeling of anxiety or dread

coisas

Things; objects or matters of any kind

semelhantes

Similar; resembling or alike in nature or appearance