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Walden, and On The Duty Of Civil Disobedience — Page 15

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The necessaries of life for man in this climate may, accurately enough, be distributed under the several heads of Food, Shelter, Clothing, and Fuel; for not till we have secured these are we prepared to entertain the true problems of life with freedom and a prospect of success.

As necessidades da vida para o homem neste clima podem, com suficiente precisão, ser distribuídas sob os vários títulos de Alimentação, Abrigo, Vestuário e Combustível; pois somente depois de termos assegurado estas é que estamos preparados para enfrentar os verdadeiros problemas da vida com liberdade e perspectiva de sucesso.

Man has invented, not only houses, but clothes and cooked food; and possibly from the accidental discovery of the warmth of fire, and the consequent use of it, at first a luxury, arose the present necessity to sit by it.

O homem inventou, não apenas casas, mas roupas e alimentos cozinhados; e possivelmente a partir da descoberta acidental do calor do fogo, e do consequente uso dele, a princípio um luxo, surgiu a presente necessidade de se sentar junto a ele.

We observe cats and dogs acquiring the same second nature.

Observamos gatos e cães adquirindo a mesma segunda natureza.

By proper Shelter and Clothing we legitimately retain our own internal heat; but with an excess of these, or of Fuel, that is, with an external heat greater than our own internal, may not cookery properly be said to begin?

Com o Abrigo e o Vestuário adequados, retemos legitimamente o nosso próprio calor interno; mas com um excesso destes, ou de Combustível, isto é, com um calor externo maior do que o nosso interno, não se poderia dizer propriamente que a culinária começa?

Darwin, the naturalist, says of the inhabitants of Tierra del Fuego, that while his own party, who were well clothed and sitting close to a fire, were far from too warm, these naked savages, who were farther off, were observed, to his great surprise, "to be streaming with perspiration at undergoing such a roasting."

Darwin, o naturalista, diz dos habitantes da Terra do Fogo, que enquanto o seu próprio grupo, que estava bem vestido e sentado perto do fogo, estava longe de estar demasiado quente, estes selvagens nus, que estavam mais afastados, foram observados, para sua grande surpresa, "a transpirar abundantemente ao sofrerem tal assadura."

So, we are told, the New Hollander goes naked with impunity, while the European shivers in his clothes.

Assim, dizem-nos, o habitante da Nova Holanda anda nu impunemente, enquanto o europeu treme de frio em suas roupas.

Is it impossible to combine the hardiness of these savages with the intellectualness of the civilized man?

Será impossível combinar a resistência destes selvagens com a intelectualidade do homem civilizado?

According to Liebig, man's body is a stove, and food the fuel which keeps up the internal combustion in the lungs.

Segundo Liebig, o corpo do homem é um fogão, e a alimentação o combustível que mantém a combustão interna nos pulmões.

Vocabulary

necessidades: neh-seh-see-DAH-dehz — Needs or necessities required for living
da: dah — Contraction of de + a: of the (feminine)
vida: VEE-dah — Life; the state of being alive
para: PAH-rah — For; preposition indicating purpose or destination
homem: OH-mehng — Man; an adult male human being
neste: NEH-steh — Contraction of em + este: in this (masculine)
clima: KLEE-mah — Climate; the typical weather of a region
podem: POH-dehng — They can; third person plural of poder
com: kohng — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means
suficiente: soo-fee-see-EHN-teh — Sufficient; enough to meet a requirement
precisão: preh-see-ZAHNG — Precision; exactness or accuracy in description
ser: sehr — To be; permanent or essential states of being
distribuídas: dees-tree-boo-EE-dahz — Distributed; divided and arranged into categories
sob: sohb — Under; beneath or subordinate to something
vários: VAH-ree-ohz — Various; several different kinds or types
títulos: TEE-too-lohz — Titles; headings used to categorize information
Alimentação: ah-lee-mehn-tah-SAHNG — Food; nourishment or the act of feeding
Abrigo: ah-BREE-goh — Shelter; a place providing protection from elements
Vestuário: vehsh-too-AH-ree-oh — Clothing; garments worn to cover the body
Combustível: kohm-boos-TEE-vehl — Fuel; material burned to produce heat or energy
pois: pohyz — Because; for; conjunction indicating reason or cause
somente: soh-MEHN-teh — Only; solely; exclusively and nothing more
depois: deh-POHYZ — After; afterward; later in time or sequence
termos: TEHR-mohz — We have; first person plural of ter (to have)
assegurado: ah-seh-goo-RAH-doh — Secured; ensured or made certain and safe
estas: EHS-tahz — These; feminine plural demonstrative pronoun
é: eh — Is; third person singular present of ser
estamos: ehs-TAH-mohz — We are; first person plural of estar
preparados: preh-pah-RAH-dohz — Prepared; ready to face or deal with something
enfrentar: ehn-frehn-TAR — To face or confront a challenge or problem
verdadeiros: vehr-dah-DAY-rohz — True; real; genuine and not false or imaginary
problemas: proh-BLEH-mahz — Problems; difficult situations requiring a solution
liberdade: lee-behr-DAH-deh — Freedom; the state of being free from constraint
perspectiva: pehr-spehk-TEE-vah — Perspective; a particular point of view or outlook
sucesso: soo-SEH-soh — Success; the achievement of a desired goal
inventou: een-vehn-TOH — Invented; created or devised something for first time
não: nahng — No; not; negation in Portuguese sentences
apenas: ah-PEH-nahz — Only; just; nothing more than what is stated
casas: KAH-zahz — Houses; buildings used as human dwellings
mas: mahz — But; coordinating conjunction showing contrast
roupas: HOH-pahz — Clothes; garments worn to cover the body
alimentos: ah-lee-MEHN-tohz — Foods; substances consumed for nourishment and energy
cozinhados: koh-zee-NYAH-dohz — Cooked; food that has been prepared with heat
possivelmente: poh-see-vehl-MEHN-teh — Possibly; perhaps; maybe something could be true
partir: pahr-TEER — To depart; also used in a partir de: from
descoberta: desh-koh-BEHR-tah — Discovery; the finding of something previously unknown
acidental: ah-see-dehn-TAHL — Accidental; happening by chance without intention
do: doh — Contraction of de + o: of the (masculine)
calor: kah-LOR — Heat; warmth produced by fire or the sun
fogo: FOH-goh — Fire; flames produced by burning combustible material
consequente: kohn-seh-KWEHN-teh — Consequent; following as a result or outcome
uso: OO-zoh — Use; the act of employing something for a purpose
dele: DEH-leh — Of him; of it; contraction of de + ele
princípio: preen-SEE-pee-oh — Principle; a fundamental concept or beginning point
luxo: LOO-shoh — Luxury; something expensive and not strictly necessary
surgiu: soor-ZHEE-oo — Arose; emerged or appeared for the first time
presente: preh-ZEHN-teh — Present; existing now; also means gift or current
necessidade: neh-seh-see-DAH-deh — Necessity; something indispensable for survival or function
se: seh — Reflexive pronoun; oneself; or if in conditionals
sentar: sehn-TAR — To sit; to take a seated position somewhere
junto: ZHOON-toh — Together; near; beside something or someone
ele: EH-leh — He; it; third person masculine singular pronoun
Observamos: ohb-sehr-VAH-mohz — We observe; we notice something carefully and attentively
gatos: GAH-tohz — Cats; domestic feline animals kept as pets
cães: kahyngz — Dogs; domestic canine animals kept as pets
adquirindo: ahd-kee-REEN-doh — Acquiring; gaining or developing something over time
mesma: MEHZ-mah — Same; identical; exactly alike in nature or quality
segunda: seh-GOON-dah — Second; the ordinal number following first
natureza: nah-too-REH-zah — Nature; the natural world or innate character of something
Com: kohng — With; preposition indicating accompaniment or means
adequados: ah-deh-KWAH-dohz — Adequate; sufficient or suitable for a purpose
retemos: heh-TEH-mohz — We retain; we keep or hold something within ourselves
legitimamente: leh-zhee-tee-mah-MEHN-teh — Legitimately; in a lawful and justifiable manner
nosso: NOH-soh — Our; first person plural possessive adjective
próprio: PROH-pree-oh — Own; proper; belonging exclusively to oneself
interno: een-TEHR-noh — Internal; existing or occurring inside the body
excesso: ehk-SEH-soh — Excess; an amount beyond what is needed
destes: DEH-stehz — Of these; contraction of de + estes (masculine plural)
ou: oh — Or; conjunction presenting an alternative option
isto: EES-toh — This; neutral demonstrative pronoun for nearby things
externo: ehks-TEHR-noh — External; existing or occurring outside the body
maior: mah-YOR — Greater; larger; comparative form of grande
poderia: poh-deh-REE-ah — Could; conditional form of poder (to be able)
dizer: dee-ZEHR — To say; to express something in words
propriamente: proh-pree-ah-MEHN-teh — Properly; in a strict or appropriate sense
culinária: koo-lee-NAH-ree-ah — Culinary art; the practice or skill of cooking food
começa: koh-MEH-sah — Begins; starts; third person singular of começar
naturalista: nah-too-rah-LEES-tah — Naturalist; a scientist who studies the natural world
diz: deez — Says; tells; third person singular of dizer
dos: dohz — Of the; contraction of de + os (masculine plural)
habitantes: ah-bee-TAHN-tehz — Inhabitants; people who live in a particular place
Terra: TEH-hah — Land; earth; also the planet Earth
Fogo: FOH-goh — Fire; also a geographic name (Tierra del Fuego)
enquanto: ehn-KWAHN-toh — While; whereas; during the time that something happens
seu: seh-oo — His; her; its; your (formal) possessive adjective
grupo: GROO-poh — Group; a number of people together in one place
estava: ehs-TAH-vah — Was; third person singular imperfect of estar
bem: behng — Well; good; in a satisfactory or healthy manner
vestido: vehs-TEE-doh — Dressed; wearing clothes; also means dress (noun)
sentado: sehn-TAH-doh — Seated; sitting; in a position of rest on seat
perto: PEHR-toh — Near; close; not far from something or someone
longe: LOHN-zheh — Far; distant; at a great distance from something
estar: ehs-TAR — To be; used for temporary states or conditions
demasiado: deh-mah-zee-AH-doh — Too much; excessively; beyond a desirable degree
quente: KEHN-teh — Hot; warm; having a high temperature
selvagens: sehl-VAH-zhehnz — Savages; wild; uncivilized people in colonial contexts
nus: nooz — Naked; bare; without any clothing on the body
mais: mahyz — More; a greater quantity or degree of something
afastados: ah-fahs-TAH-dohz — Moved away; distanced; kept farther from something
foram: FOH-rahng — Were; went; third person plural preterite of ser/ir
observados: ohb-sehr-VAH-dohz — Observed; noticed; watched carefully by someone else
sua: SOO-ah — His; her; its; your (formal) feminine possessive adjective
grande: GRAHN-deh — Great; big; large in size or importance
surpresa: soor-PREH-zah — Surprise; an unexpected event causing astonishment
transpirar: trahns-pee-RAR — To perspire; to sweat; to emit moisture through skin
abundantemente: ah-boon-dahn-teh-MEHN-teh — Abundantly; in great quantities; copiously and profusely
ao: ahw — To the; contraction of a + o (masculine singular)
sofrerem: soh-FREH-rehng — To suffer; to endure pain or discomfort (infinitive)
tal: tahl — Such; that kind of; used to refer to something mentioned
assadura: ah-sah-DOO-rah — Burning heat; scorching sensation on the skin
Assim: ah-SEENG — Thus; so; in this way or manner
dizem-nos: DEE-zehng-nohz — They tell us; they inform us about something
habitante: ah-bee-TAHN-teh — Inhabitant; a person who lives in a certain place
Nova: NOH-vah — New; feminine adjective indicating newness or novelty
Holanda: oh-LAHN-dah — Holland; the Netherlands, a European country
anda: AHN-dah — Walks; goes about; third person singular of andar
nu: noo — Naked; bare; without clothing on the body
impunemente: eem-poo-neh-MEHN-teh — Unpunished; without suffering harmful consequences
europeu: eh-oo-roh-PEH-oo — European; a person from Europe or European origin
treme: TREH-meh — Trembles; shivers; shakes involuntarily from cold or fear
frio: FREE-oh — Cold; low temperature; feeling of being cold
em: ehng — In; at; on; preposition indicating location or time
suas: SOO-ahz — His; her; its; your (formal) feminine plural possessive
Será: seh-RAH — Will it be; future tense of ser indicating possibility
impossível: eem-poh-SEE-vehl — Impossible; not able to happen or be done
combinar: kohm-bee-NAR — To combine; to join or merge different things together
resistência: heh-zees-TEHN-see-ah — Resistance; the ability to withstand hardship or difficulty
intelectualidade: een-teh-lehk-too-ah-lee-DAH-deh — Intellectuality; the quality of being highly intelligent
civilizado: see-vee-lee-ZAH-doh — Civilized; having an advanced society and social norms
Segundo: seh-GOON-doh — According to; second; per a particular source
corpo: KOR-poh — Body; the physical structure of a human or animal
fogão: foh-GAHNG — Stove; a cooking appliance that produces heat
alimentação: ah-lee-mehn-tah-SAHNG — Nutrition; food intake necessary to sustain life
combustível: kohm-boos-TEE-vehl — Fuel; material consumed to generate heat or energy
mantém: mahn-TEHNG — Maintains; keeps; sustains something in a state
combustão: kohm-boos-TAHNG — Combustion; the process of burning producing heat
interna: een-TEHR-nah — Internal; occurring or situated inside something
nos: nohz — In the; us; reflexive or contraction of em + os
pulmões: pool-MOHYNGZ — Lungs; the organs used for breathing air

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