War and Peace — Page 4

Vocabulary

Egli

Third person singular masculine pronoun meaning 'he'

compirà

Will fulfill or accomplish a task or destiny

la

Definite article feminine singular meaning 'the'

sua

Possessive adjective meaning 'his', 'her', or 'its'

vocazione

A calling or vocation, one's purpose in life

e

Conjunction meaning 'and', connecting words or clauses

schiaccerà

Will crush or squash something with force

l'

Elided definite article used before vowels

della

Contraction of 'di' and 'la', meaning 'of the'

rivoluzione

Revolution, a major political or social upheaval

che

Relative pronoun or conjunction meaning 'that' or 'which'

è

Third person singular of 'essere', meaning 'is'

diventata

Feminine past participle of 'diventare', meaning 'become'

più

Adverb meaning 'more' or 'most' in comparisons

terribile

Adjective meaning terrible, dreadful, or frightening

mai

Adverb meaning 'ever' or 'never' depending on context

nella

Contraction of 'in' and 'la', meaning 'in the'

persona

Noun meaning person, individual human being

di

Preposition meaning 'of', 'from', or 'by'

questo

Demonstrative adjective or pronoun meaning 'this'

assassino

Noun meaning murderer or assassin, one who kills

scellerato

Adjective meaning wicked, villainous, or thoroughly evil

Noi

First person plural pronoun meaning 'we'

soli

Adjective meaning alone, by ourselves, without others

dobbiamo

First person plural of 'dovere', meaning 'we must'

vendicare

To avenge or take revenge for a wrong done

il

Definite article masculine singular meaning 'the'

sangue

Noun meaning blood, the fluid in living bodies

del

Contraction of 'di' and 'il', meaning 'of the'

giusto

Adjective or noun meaning just, righteous, or fair person

Su

Preposition meaning 'on', 'upon', or 'about'

chi

Relative or interrogative pronoun meaning 'who' or 'whom'

vi

Indirect object pronoun meaning 'you' plural or 'to you'

chiedo

First person singular of 'chiedere', meaning 'I ask'

possiamo

First person plural of 'potere', meaning 'we can'

contare

To count or to rely upon someone for support

L'Inghilterra

Proper noun referring to England, the country

con

Preposition meaning 'with', indicating accompaniment or means

suo

Possessive adjective masculine meaning 'his', 'her', 'its'

spirito

Noun meaning spirit, soul, or characteristic attitude

commerciale

Adjective meaning commercial, related to trade or business

non

Adverb of negation meaning 'not'

vorrà

Third person singular future of 'volere', meaning 'will want'

potrà

Third person singular future of 'potere', meaning 'will be able'

comprendere

To understand or comprehend something fully

nobiltà

Nobility, the quality of being noble or magnanimous

d'animo

Of soul or spirit, referring to inner character

dell'imperatore

Of the emperor, belonging to the emperor

Ha

Third person singular of 'avere', meaning 'has'

rifiutato

Past participle of 'rifiutare', meaning refused or rejected

evacuare

To evacuate, to withdraw from or empty a place

voluto

Past participle of 'volere', meaning wanted or wished

trovare

To find or discover something or someone

cerca

Searches for or looks for something; also 'cerca di'

ancora

Adverb meaning still, yet, or again

qualche

Indefinite adjective meaning some or a few

motivo

Noun meaning reason, motive, or cause for action

segreto

Adjective or noun meaning secret, hidden, or confidential

nelle

Contraction of 'in' and 'le', meaning 'in the' (plural)

nostre

Possessive adjective feminine plural meaning 'our'

azioni

Plural of 'azione', meaning actions or deeds

Che

Interrogative pronoun or adjective meaning 'what' or 'which'

risposta

Noun meaning response, answer, or reply

ha

Third person singular of 'avere', meaning 'has'

ottenuto

Past participle of 'ottenere', meaning obtained or achieved

Nessuna

Indefinite pronoun feminine meaning 'none' or 'no one'

Gli

Definite article masculine plural or indirect pronoun 'to him'

inglesi

Plural noun meaning English people or the English

hanno

Third person plural of 'avere', meaning 'they have'

capito

Past participle of 'capire', meaning understood or grasped

possono

Third person plural of 'potere', meaning 'they can'

capire

To understand or grasp the meaning of something

abnegazione

Self-denial, selflessness, renunciation of personal interests

nostro

Possessive adjective masculine singular meaning 'our'

Imperatore

Noun meaning Emperor, sovereign ruler of an empire

vuole

Third person singular of 'volere', meaning 'wants'

nulla

Pronoun meaning nothing, not anything at all

per

Preposition meaning 'for', 'through', or 'in order to'

sé

Reflexive pronoun meaning 'himself', 'herself', or 'itself'

ma

Conjunction meaning 'but', introducing a contrast

desidera

Third person singular of 'desiderare', meaning 'desires'

solo

Adjective or adverb meaning only, alone, or just

bene

Noun or adverb meaning good, well, or goodness

umanità

Noun meaning humanity, humankind, or human kindness

cosa

Noun meaning thing or what in interrogative phrases

promesso

Past participle of 'promettere', meaning promised or pledged

Niente

Pronoun meaning nothing, not anything whatsoever

quel

Demonstrative adjective masculine meaning 'that'

poco

Adjective or pronoun meaning little, a small amount

lo

Direct object pronoun masculine meaning 'it' or 'him'

manterranno

Future tense third plural of 'mantenere', meaning 'will keep'

sempre

Adverb meaning always or all the time

dichiarato

Past participle of 'dichiarare', meaning declared or stated

invincibile

Adjective meaning invincible, impossible to defeat or overcome

tutta

Adjective meaning all, entire, or the whole of

Europa

Proper noun referring to the continent of Europe

impotente

Adjective meaning powerless or unable to act effectively

dinanzi

Preposition meaning before, in front of, facing something

a

Preposition meaning 'to', 'at', or 'in'

lui

Personal pronoun third singular masculine meaning 'him' or 'he'

credo

First person singular of 'credere', meaning 'I believe'

una

Indefinite article feminine singular meaning 'a' or 'an'

parola

Noun meaning word or a single unit of speech

ciò

Demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that' or 'what'

dice

Third person singular of 'dire', meaning 'says'

né

Conjunction meaning 'nor', used in negative constructions

tantomeno

Adverb meaning much less, let alone, even less so

Questa

Demonstrative adjective feminine meaning 'this'

famosa

Adjective feminine meaning famous, well-known, or renowned

neutralità

Noun meaning neutrality, the state of not taking sides

altro

Adjective or pronoun meaning other, another, or else

trappola

Noun meaning trap, snare, or deceptive scheme

Ho

First person singular of 'avere', meaning 'I have'

fede

Noun meaning faith, belief, or trust in something

in

Preposition meaning 'in', 'into', or 'at'

Dio

Noun meaning God, the supreme divine being

nell'alto

In the lofty or sublime, in the elevated sense

destino

Noun meaning destiny, fate, or inevitable future outcome

adorato

Past participle of 'adorare', meaning adored or beloved

monarca

Noun meaning monarch, a sovereign ruler of a kingdom

salverà

Third person singular future of 'salvare', meaning 'will save'

Si

Reflexive pronoun or particle meaning 'himself' or 'oneself'

fermò

Third person singular past of 'fermarsi', meaning 'stopped'

all'improvviso

Adverbial phrase meaning suddenly, all of a sudden

sorridendo

Gerund of 'sorridere', meaning smiling or while smiling

propria

Adjective feminine meaning own, one's very own

impetuosità

Noun meaning impetuosity, impulsiveness, or passionate forcefulness

Penso

First person singular of 'pensare', meaning 'I think'

disse

Third person singular past of 'dire', meaning 'said'

principe

Noun meaning prince, a male member of royalty

un

Indefinite article masculine singular meaning 'a' or 'an'

sorriso

Noun meaning smile, a facial expression of pleasure

se

Conjunction meaning 'if' introducing a conditional clause

foste

Second person plural subjunctive past of 'essere', 'you were'

stata

Feminine past participle of 'essere', meaning 'been'

mandata

Feminine past participle of 'mandare', meaning 'sent'

al

Contraction of 'a' and 'il', meaning 'to the'

posto

Noun meaning place, position, or spot; also 'instead of'

caro

Adjective meaning dear, beloved, or expensive

avreste

Second person plural conditional of 'avere', 'you would have'

conquistato

Past participle of 'conquistare', meaning conquered or won over

consenso

Noun meaning consent, agreement, or approval from others

Re

Noun meaning king, the male sovereign of a country

assalto

Noun meaning assault, attack, or sudden forceful approach

Siete

Second person plural of 'essere', meaning 'you are'

così

Adverb meaning so, thus, or in this way

eloquente

Adjective meaning eloquent, expressing ideas fluently and persuasively

Mi

Reflexive or object pronoun first singular meaning 'me' or 'myself'

darete

Second person plural future of 'dare', meaning 'you will give'

tazza

Noun meaning cup, a small vessel for drinking beverages

tè

Noun meaning tea, the popular hot or cold beverage

Un

Indefinite article masculine singular meaning 'a' or 'an'

momento

Noun meaning moment, a brief period or instant of time