War and Peace — Page 8

Vocabulary

オールドミス

ōrudo misu — Old maid; unmarried older woman past typical marriage age.

には

ni wa — Particle combination indicating target or contrast in a sentence.

縁結び

enmusubi — Matchmaking; tying the knot of fate between people.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle connecting nouns.

狂癖

kyōheki — Obsessive quirk or eccentric fixation one cannot control.

が

ga — Subject marker particle identifying the grammatical subject.

ある

aru — To exist; to have (used for inanimate things).

と

to — Quotation particle; also means 'and' or 'with.'

言います

iimasu — To say; polite present form of 'to speak.'

私自身

watashi jishin — I myself; emphasizing personal experience or opinion.

まだ

mada — Still; not yet; indicating an ongoing or unreached state.

そのような

sono yōna — Such; that kind of; referring to a previously mentioned type.

弱点

jakuten — Weak point; vulnerability or personal weakness.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

感じて

kanjite — Feeling; te-form of 'to feel or sense something.'

おりません

orimasen — Humble negative form of 'to be'; I do not feel.

けれど

keredo — However; but; mild conjunctive expressing contrast.

父親

chichioya — Father; one's male parent.

せいで

sei de — Because of; due to (implying negative blame or cause).

とても

totemo — Very; extremely; intensifying adverb for adjectives.

不幸

fukō — Unhappy; unfortunate; misfortune or unhappiness.

な

na — Adjectival particle linking na-adjectives to nouns.

小さな

chīsana — Small; little; a small or diminutive person or thing.

方

kata — Person; polite word referring to someone respectfully.

を

o — Object marker particle indicating the direct object.

存じております

zonjite orimasu — Humble expression meaning 'I know' or 'I am aware.'

存じて

zonjite — Humble te-form of 'to know'; knowing (politely expressed).

おります

orimasu — Humble present progressive form of 'to be' or 'to exist.'

あなた

anata — You; second-person pronoun used in polite conversation.

ご親戚

goshinzeki — Honorific term for one's relative or family relation.

公爵令嬢

kōshaku reijō — Duke's daughter; young noblewoman of ducal rank.

です

desu — Polite copula meaning 'is,' 'am,' or 'are.'

公爵

kōshaku — Duke; highest-ranking nobleman in European aristocratic hierarchy.

返事

henji — Reply; response; an answer given to someone.

しなかった

shinakatta — Did not do; past negative form of 'to do.'

世慣れた

yonareta — Worldly-wise; experienced and accustomed to social situations.

人物

jinbutsu — Person; character; notable individual with distinct qualities.

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, location, time, or indirect object.

ふさわしい

fusawashii — Suitable; fitting; appropriate for a person or situation.

記憶力

kiokuryoku — Memory capacity; ability to remember and recall information.

洞察力

dōsatsuryoku — Insight; power of keen perception and understanding.

素早さ

subayasa — Quickness; swiftness; speed of action or thought.

もって

motte — With; using; te-form of 'to hold or possess.'

頭

atama — Head; the physical head or mental capacity of a person.

わずか

wazuka — Slightly; just a little; a small or minimal amount.

動かす

ugokasu — To move something; to cause motion in an object.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; nominalizing noun turning verbs into concepts.

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or cause.

その

sono — That; demonstrative adjective referring to something nearby.

情報

jōhō — Information; data; news or intelligence received.

考慮

kōryo — Consideration; taking something into account carefully.

して

shite — Te-form of 'to do'; connecting sequential or parallel actions.

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings); progressive auxiliary.

示した

shimeshita — Showed; demonstrated; past tense of 'to indicate or show.'

ご存知

gozonji — Honorific expression meaning 'do you know' or 'are you aware.'

か

ka — Question particle placed at sentence end to form questions.

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine pronoun.

ついに

tsui ni — Finally; at last; after a long wait something occurs.

言った

itta — Said; past tense of 'to say.'

悲しい

kanashii — Sad; sorrowful; expressing or evoking deep sadness.

思考

shikō — Thought; thinking; the process of mental reasoning.

流れ

nagare — Flow; stream; the natural movement or current of something.

抑え

osae — Suppression; holding back; restraining emotions or impulses.

られない

rarenai — Cannot; negative potential passive auxiliary form.

様子

yōsu — Appearance; manner; the way someone looks or behaves.

年

nen — Year; a unit of time equal to twelve months.

四万

yonman — Forty thousand; the number 40,000.

ルーブル

rūburu — Ruble; Russian monetary unit used as currency.

も

mo — Also; even; as much as; inclusive particle.

かかって

kakatte — Costing; taking (time or money); te-form of 'to cost.'

よ

yo — Sentence-ending particle asserting or emphasizing a statement.

そして

soshite — And then; and also; conjunction connecting sequential events.

しばらく

shibaraku — For a while; for a short time; temporarily.

間

ma / aida — Interval; space; period of time between events.

置いて

oite — Placing; leaving; te-form of 'to put or set down.'

から

kara — From; after; because; particle of origin or sequence.

続けた

tsuzuketa — Continued; kept going; past tense of 'to continue.'

この

kono — This; demonstrative adjective for something close to speaker.

まま

mama — As is; leaving something in its current unchanged state.

続けたら

tsuzuketara — If one continues; conditional form of 'to continue.'

五年後

gonengо — Five years later; after a period of five years.

どうなる

dō naru — What will happen; how will things turn out.

でしょう

deshō — Probably; I wonder; polite conjecture or rhetorical question.

それから

sorekara — After that; then; conjunction indicating temporal sequence.

付け加えた

tsukekuwaeta — Added; appended; past tense of 'to add supplementary words.'

それ

sore — That; demonstrative pronoun for something near the listener.

という

to iu — Called; known as; used to define or name something.

もの

mono — Thing; object; matter; a tangible or conceptual entity.

耐え

tae — Endure; bear; stem form of 'to tolerate hardship.'

ねば

neba — Must; have to; classical obligation auxiliary expression.

ならない

naranai — Must not; must do; expression of obligation or necessity.

おっしゃる

ossharu — To say (honorific); respectful verb for speaking.

裕福

yūfuku — Wealthy; prosperous; having abundant financial resources.

たいへん

taihen — Very; extremely; also means 'terrible' or 'very difficult.'

けちな

kechina — Stingy; miserly; reluctant to spend money on others.

人

hito — Person; human being; individual.

田舎

inaka — Countryside; rural area; remote region away from cities.

住んで

sunde — Living; residing; te-form of 'to live somewhere.'

います

imasu — Polite form of 'to be' for animate beings; is living.

先帝

sentei — The late emperor; referring to a previously reigning emperor.

御世

miyo — Reign; era; the period of a particular ruler's rule.

軍

gun — Military; army; armed forces of a nation.

退役

taieki — Retirement from military service; honorable discharge.

せざるを得なかった

sezaru o enakatta — Had no choice but to; was compelled to do something.

あの

ano — That (over there); demonstrative for something distant.

有名

yūmei — Famous; well-known; widely recognized by many people.

プロイセン王

Puroisen-ō — King of Prussia; referring to the Prussian monarch.

渾名

あだな (adana) — Nickname; a name given informally based on a trait.

つけられて

tsukerarete — Was given; was attached; passive te-form of 'to attach.'

いました

imashita — Was; polite past tense of 'to be' for animate subjects.

賢い

kashikoi — Clever; intelligent; wise; having sharp mental ability.

風変わり

fūgawari — Eccentric; odd; unusually strange in behavior or manner.

退屈

taikutsu — Boredom; tedium; the state of being bored or dull.

かわいそうな

kawaisōna — Pitiful; poor; deserving of sympathy or compassion.

娘

musume — Daughter; young woman; one's female child.

さん

san — Polite honorific suffix attached to names; Mr./Ms./Mrs.

兄

ani — Older brother; one's elder male sibling.

思います

omoimasu — I think; I believe; polite present form of 'to think.'

最近

saikin — Recently; lately; in the near past or current period.

結婚

kekkon — Marriage; wedding; the union of two people as spouses.

した

shita — Did; past tense of 'to do.'

副官

fukukan — Adjutant; military aide assisting a senior officer.

今夜

konya — Tonight; this evening; the current night.

ここ

koko — Here; this place; the location near the speaker.

来る

kuru — To come; to arrive at a place toward the speaker.

はず

hazu — Should; expected to; expressing reasonable expectation.

聞いて

kiite — Please listen; te-form of 'to hear or listen.'

ください

kudasai — Please; polite request form asking someone to do something.

親愛

shin'ai — Dear; beloved; term of warm affection toward someone.

なる

naru — To become; to turn into; indicating a change of state.

言い

ii — Saying; continuative form of 'to say.'

突然

totsuzen — Suddenly; all at once; happening without warning.

手

te — Hand; the human hand used for grasping or gesturing.

取り

tori — Taking; grasping; continuative form of 'to take.'

何か

nanika — Something; some kind of; an unspecified thing or matter.

理由

riyū — Reason; cause; explanation for an action or situation.

下

shita / shimo — Below; under; lower position or subordinate direction.

引いた

hiita — Pulled; drew; past tense of 'to pull or draw toward.'