White nights, and other stories — Page 2

Vocabulary

という

to iu — Called; known as; expressing quotation or naming.

のも

no mo — The fact that; also because of.

私

watashi — I; me; first-person singular pronoun.

は

wa — Topic marker particle indicating the sentence topic.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or time.

ほぼ

hobo — Almost; nearly; approximately.

八

hachi — The number eight.

年間

nenkan — A period of years; span of years.

住ん

sun (de) — Lived; resided (conjunctive form of 住む).

で

de — Particle indicating means, location of action, or conjunction.

い

i — Stem of いる; to exist, be (for animate things).

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb marker.

も

mo — Also; even; too; particle adding emphasis or inclusion.

かかわらず

kakawarazu — Despite; regardless of; notwithstanding.

知人

chijin — Acquaintance; person one knows socially.

が

ga — Subject marker particle; also marks contrast or conjunction.

ほとんど

hotondo — Almost; hardly any; mostly; scarcely.

なかった

nakatta — Did not exist; there was none (past negative).

から

kara — Because; from; since; expressing reason or origin.

だ

da — Copula; plain form of です, meaning 'is/are.'

しかし

shikashi — However; but; nevertheless; contrasting conjunction.

など

nado — Et cetera; and so on; things like.

何

nani / nan — What; something; used in questions or indefinites.

の

no — Possessive or nominalizing particle; connecting nouns.

役

yaku — Use; role; service; function.

立つ

tatsu — To be useful; to stand; to serve a purpose.

と

to — Particle meaning 'and,' 'with,' or quotation marker.

いう

iu — To say; to call; to be called.

だろう

darou — Probably; I wonder; expressing conjecture or question.

そのもの

sono mono — The thing itself; the very thing; itself.

を

wo / o — Direct object marker particle in Japanese grammar.

よく

yoku — Well; often; thoroughly; in detail.

知っ

shit(te) — Knowing; being aware of (te-form of 知る).

て

te — Te-form conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases.

だから

dakara — Therefore; that is why; consequently.

こそ

koso — Emphatic particle meaning 'precisely' or 'exactly because.'

中

naka / chuu — Inside; middle; among; within something.

人々

hitobito — People; folks; various persons in general.

荷物

nimotsu — Luggage; baggage; cargo; belongings packed for travel.

まとめ

matome — Summary; packing together; gathering into one.

避暑地

hishochi — Summer resort; place to escape summer heat.

へ

e — Directional particle meaning 'to' or 'toward.'

去っ

sat(te) — Left; went away (te-form of 去る).

しまう

shimau — To end up doing; to finish; unfortunately complete.

皆

mina / minna — Everyone; all people; everybody together.

見捨て

misute — Abandoned; forsaken; left behind without care.

られ

rare — Passive auxiliary suffix indicating receiving an action.

よう

you — Like; seems; appears; expressing resemblance or conjecture.

な

na — Adjectival ending; attributive form linking adjective to noun.

気

ki — Feeling; spirit; mood; sense; disposition.

し

shi — And; conjunctive form listing reasons or actions.

独り

hitori — Alone; by oneself; solitary; single person.

残さ

nokosa — Left behind; being kept remaining (passive base of 残す).

れる

reru — Passive or potential auxiliary verb suffix.

怖く

kowaku — Scary; frightening (adverbial form of 怖い).

なり

nari — Became; and then; conjunctive form of なる.

まる

maru — Completely; entirely; fully; whole (prefix/suffix).

三

san / mi — The number three.

日間

nichikan — Period of days; number of days duration.

途方

tohou — Way; means; direction; 途方に暮れる means to be at a loss.

暮れ

kure — Nightfall; end of day; being at a loss.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously; even though.

町

machi — Town; city street; neighborhood district.

さまよい

samayoi — Wandering; roaming aimlessly through an area.

歩い

arui(te) — Walked; strolled (te-form of 歩く).

通り

toori — Street; avenue; road; as expected.

歩こう

arukou — Let's walk; volitional form of 歩く.

庭園

teien — Garden; park; ornamental garden grounds.

行こう

ikou — Let's go; volitional form of 行く.

堤防

teibou — Embankment; levee; riverside bank or dike.

ぶらつこう

buratsukō — Let's stroll; wander leisurely (volitional of ぶらつく).

一年中

ichinenjuu — All year round; throughout the entire year.

決まっ

kimatt(e) — Fixed; decided; set; established (te-form of 決まる).

時刻

jikoku — Time; specific point in time; hour.

場所

basho — Place; location; spot; venue.

顔

kao — Face; facial appearance; expression.

合わせ

awase — Meeting; combining; matching; bringing faces together.

人

hito / jin — Person; human being; people.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or animate beings.

姿

sugata — Figure; form; appearance; someone's visible shape.

一人

hitori — One person; alone; a single individual.

見当たら

mitatara — Cannot find; nowhere to be seen (negative base).

なかっ

nakatt(a) — Was not; did not exist (past negative stem).

むろん

muron — Of course; naturally; needless to say.

彼ら

karera — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizing abstract concepts.

知ら

shira — Not knowing; negative base of 知る (to know).

ない

nai — Not; does not exist; negative ending.

いる

iru — To be; to exist (for animate beings).

親しみ

shitashimi — Familiarity; friendliness; sense of closeness or affection.

もっ

mot(te) — Having; holding (te-form of 持つ); also もって.

おり

ori — Being; existing (humble/literary form of いる).

その

sono — That; those; the aforementioned (prenominal demonstrative).

研究

kenkyuu — Research; study; investigation of a subject.

尽くし

tsukushi — Exhausting; doing thoroughly; devoting entirely.

さえ

sae — Even; as long as; expressing extremity or condition.

陽気

youki — Cheerful; merry; lively; also means weather or climate.

とき

toki — Time; moment; occasion; when something happens.

嬉しく

ureshiku — Happily; gladly (adverbial form of 嬉しい).

沈ん

shizun(de) — Sank; felt depressed; became gloomy (conjunctive of 沈む).

滅入る

meiiru — To feel depressed; to be dispirited or downhearted.

毎日

mainichi — Every day; daily; each and every day.

欠かさ

kakasa — Without missing; never skipping (negative base of 欠かす).

ず

zu — Without doing; negative conjunctive verb suffix.

いつも

itsumo — Always; usually; all the time; habitually.

同じ

onaji — Same; identical; equal; the very same thing.

出会う

deau — To encounter; to meet by chance; to come across.

老人

roujin — Old person; elderly man; aged individual.

友達

tomodachi — Friend; companion; close acquaintance.

なっ

nat(te) — Became; turned into (te-form of なる).

同然

douzen — Same as; just like; practically equivalent to.

いかにも

ikanimo — Indeed; truly; very much so; exactly as expected.

重々しく

omoomoshiku — Gravely; solemnly; with great dignity or weight.

物思わ

monoomowa — Lost in thought; pensive (base of 物思う).

しげ

shige — Seemingly; appearing to; suffix indicating apparent state.

顔つき

kaotsuki — Facial expression; look on one's face; countenance.

ひとりごと

hitorigoto — Talking to oneself; soliloquy; muttering alone.

つぶやき

tsubuyaki — Muttering; murmur; whisper; low self-directed speech.

左腕

hidariude — Left arm; the arm on one's left side.

振り回し

furimawashi — Swinging around; waving; brandishing a limb or object.

右手

migite — Right hand; the hand on one's right side.

金

kane / kin — Money; gold; metal; valuable material or currency.

握り

nigiri — Grip; grasp; handful; holding tightly in hand.

玉

tama — Ball; sphere; gem; jewel; round object.

つい

tsui — Unintentionally; just; inadvertently; without thinking.

長い

nagai — Long; lengthy; extended in length or time.

杖

tsue — Cane; walking stick; staff used for support.

持っ

mot(te) — Holding; carrying (te-form of 持つ).

彼

kare — He; him; third-person masculine singular pronoun.

気づい

kizui(te) — Noticed; became aware of (te-form of 気づく).

温かい

atatakai — Warm; caring; tender; emotionally or physically warm.

関心

kanshin — Interest; concern; attention paid to something.

寄せ

yose — Directed toward; brought closer; showing interest.

くれ

kure — Give (to me); do for me (te-form request form).

もし

moshi — If; supposing; in case; hypothetical conditional opener.

現れ

araware — Appeared; showed up; emerged into view.

たり

tari — Listing actions alternately; doing things like...

すれ

sure — Conditional form of する (to do); if one does.

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning 'if' or 'when.'

きっと

kitto — Surely; certainly; definitely; without doubt.

がっかり

gakkari — Disappointed; let down; feeling let down or deflated.

する

suru — To do; to make; general-purpose action verb.

違いない

chigainai — No doubt; must be; certainly; expressing strong certainty.