White nights, and other stories — Page 10

Vocabulary

그녀는

geunyeoneun — She (topic marker attached); refers to a female subject.

내

nae — My; first-person possessive pronoun.

발소리를

balsorireul — The sound of footsteps (object marker attached).

듣지

deutji — To hear/listen (negation or conjunctive form).

못하는

motaneun — Unable to do; modifier form of inability.

것

geot — Thing; nominalizer used to form noun clauses.

같았고

gatakgo — Seemed like; past conjunctive form of 같다.

내가

naega — I (subject marker attached); first-person subject.

숨을

sumeul — Breath (object marker); referring to one's breathing.

죽이고

jugigo — Holding one's breath; suppressing sound or action.

세차게

sechage — Strongly, forcefully; adverb describing intense action.

두근거리는

dugeungeorineun — Pounding, throbbing; describes a rapidly beating heart.

심장을

simjangeul — Heart (object marker); the physical organ.

안고

ango — Holding, embracing; conjunctive form of 안다.

곁을

gyeoteul — Side, beside (object marker); near someone's presence.

지나쳐도

jinachyeodo — Even passing by; concessive form of 지나치다.

꼼짝조차

kkomjjakjocha — Not even budging; emphasizes complete lack of movement.

하지

haji — Not do; negation stem form of 하다.

않았다

anatda — Did not; past tense negative auxiliary verb.

이상하다

isanghada — Strange, weird; describes something unusual or odd.

나는

naneun — I (topic marker); first-person pronoun with topic particle.

생각했다

saenggakhaetda — Thought; past tense of 생각하다 (to think).

뭔가에

mwongae — To/into something; contracted form of 무언가에.

깊이

giphi — Deeply; adverb indicating great depth or intensity.

빠져

ppajyeo — Absorbed, immersed; conjunctive form of 빠지다.

있는

inneun — Being, existing; present progressive modifier form.

게

ge — It is that; contracted nominalized clause marker.

틀림없어

teullimeopsseo — Certainly, without doubt; expresses strong certainty.

그러다

geureoda — Then, doing so; transition meaning 'and then.'

갑자기

gapjagi — Suddenly, all of a sudden; adverb of abruptness.

돌처럼

dolcheoreom — Like a stone; simile using 처럼 (like/as).

굳어버린

gudeobeolin — Became stiff/frozen; past modifier of 굳어버리다.

듯

deut — As if, seemingly; expresses resemblance or supposition.

멈춰

meomchwo — Stopped; conjunctive form of 멈추다 (to stop).

섰다

sseotda — Stood; past tense of 서다 (to stand).

낮게

natge — Lowly, softly; adverb describing low pitch or position.

흐느끼는

heuneukineun — Sobbing; present modifier form of 흐느끼다.

소리를

sorireul — Sound (object marker); a noise or voice.

들었다

deureotda — Heard; past tense of 듣다 (to hear).

그렇다

geureota — That is so; affirmative meaning 'yes, it is.'

착각한

chakgakan — Mistaken, misperceived; past modifier of 착각하다.

아니었다

anieotda — Was not; past tense negative of 아니다.

그

geu — That; demonstrative pronoun or determiner.

소녀는

sonyeoneun — The girl (topic marker); young female.

울고

ulgo — Crying; conjunctive form of 울다 (to cry).

있었고

isseotgo — Was (doing); past progressive conjunctive form.

잠시

jamsi — A short while, briefly; refers to a short time.

후

hu — After; indicates time following an event.

흐느낌이

heuneukimi — Sobbing (subject marker); the act of sobbing.

연이어

yeonieo — Continuously, one after another; in succession.

들려왔다

deullyeowatda — Came to be heard; sound reached one's ears.

맙소사

mapsosa — Oh my goodness; exclamation of shock or dismay.

가슴이

gaseumi — Chest/heart (subject marker); emotional center of body.

철렁

cheolleong — With a sinking feeling; onomatopoeia for sudden dread.

내려앉았다

naeryeoansatda — Sank down; felt a sudden drop of emotion.

여자들

yeojadeul — Women; plural form of 여자 (woman).

앞에서

apeseo — In front of; locative postposition indicating presence.

그토록

geutorok — So much, to that extent; emphasizes degree.

소심한

sosimhan — Timid, shy; adjective describing a meek person.

사람이었지만

saramieotjiman — Was a person, but; concessive past clause.

그래도

geraedo — Even so, nevertheless; concessive connector.

이건

igeon — This is; contracted form of 이것은.

정말

jeongmal — Really, truly; adverb emphasizing truth or sincerity.

특별한

teukbyeolhan — Special; adjective describing something exceptional.

순간이었다

sunganiieotda — It was a moment; past tense of 순간이다.

돌아서서

dorasoseo — Turning around; conjunctive form of 돌아서다.

그녀를

geunyeoreul — Her (object marker); third-person female pronoun.

향해

hyanghae — Toward; directional postposition meaning heading to.

한

han — One; numeral or determiner meaning a single.

걸음

georeum — Step; a single stride when walking.

내디뎠고

naedidyeotgo — Took a step forward; past conjunctive of 내딛다.

이라는

iraneun — Called, known as; quotative modifier form.

말을

mareul — Word/speech (object marker); something said.

분명히

bunmyeonghi — Clearly, certainly; adverb expressing definiteness.

내뱉었을

naebatesseul — Would have uttered; past supposition of 내뱉다.

것이다

geosida — It is the case that; nominalizing conclusion form.

만약

manyak — If; conditional conjunction for hypothetical situations.

감탄사가

gamtansaga — Exclamation/interjection (subject marker); a linguistic term.

사교계

sagyogye — Social circles, high society; elite social world.

소설마다

soselmadam — In every novel; each and every novel.

수천

sucheon — Thousands; a large numeral quantity.

번씩

beonssik — Times each; indicating repetition per instance.

쓰여

sseunyeo — Written; passive conjunctive form of 쓰다.

왔다는

watdaneun — Has been (coming); reported past modifier form.

것을

geoseul — The fact that (object marker); nominalizer with object.

몰랐더라면

mollatdeoramyeon — If I had not known; past counterfactual conditional.

나를

nareul — Me (object marker); first-person object pronoun.

멈추게

meomchuge — To make stop; causative modifier form of 멈추다.

오직

ojik — Only, solely; adverb of exclusivity.

생각뿐이었다

saenggakppuniieotda — Was only a thought; nothing but thinking.

하지만

hajiman — However, but; common adversative conjunction.

찾고

chatgo — Searching; conjunctive form of 찾다 (to find/seek).

동안

dongan — During, while; time duration postposition.

정신을

jeongsin eul — Mind/senses (object marker); one's consciousness.

차리고

charigo — Composing oneself; conjunctive of 차리다 (to collect).

주위를

juwireul — Surroundings (object marker); area around oneself.

둘러보더니

dulleobodeoni — Looking around, and then; observational conjunctive form.

깜짝

kkamjjak — Startled; adverb expressing sudden shock or surprise.

놀라

nolla — Surprised; conjunctive form of 놀라다 (to be surprised).

눈을

nuneul — Eyes (object marker); the visual organs.

내리깔고

naerikkalgo — Casting eyes downward; conjunctive of 내리깔다.

제방을

jebang eul — Embankment/levee (object marker); a raised bank.

따라

ttara — Along, following; postposition meaning alongside.

스쳐

seuchyeo — Brushing past; conjunctive form of 스치다.

지나갔다

jinagatt da — Passed by; past tense of 지나가다.

곧장

gotjang — Straight away, directly; adverb meaning without detour.

따라갔다

ttaragatda — Followed; past tense of 따라가다 (to follow).

그러나

geureona — However, but; formal adversative conjunction.

이를

ireul — This (object marker); referring to a situation/action.

눈치채고

nunchichaego — Noticing, sensing; conjunctive of 눈치채다.

벗어나

beoseona — Escaping, getting away; conjunctive of 벗어나다.

길을

gireul — Road/street (object marker); a path or way.

건너

geonneo — Crossing; conjunctive form of 건너다 (to cross).

보도를

bodoreul — Sidewalk/pavement (object marker); pedestrian path.

걸었다

georeotda — Walked; past tense of 걷다 (to walk).

감히

gamhi — Dare, boldly; adverb implying audacity or courage.

건널

geonneol — To cross; future/modifier form of 건너다.

수

su — Ability, possibility; noun used in 수 있다/없다.

없었다

eopseotda — There was not; past tense of 없다 (not exist).

심장은

simjangeun — The heart (topic marker); cardiac organ with topic.

잡힌

japhin — Caught, captured; past passive modifier of 잡히다.

새처럼

saecheoreom — Like a bird; simile using 처럼.

퍼덕거렸다

peodeokgeoryeotda — Fluttered, flapped; past tense of 퍼덕거리다.

바로

baro — Right, exactly; adverb emphasizing immediacy or precision.

그때

geuttae — At that time, then; refers to a specific moment.

뜻밖의

tteutbakui — Unexpected; modifying noun meaning unforeseen.

기회가

gihwega — Opportunity (subject marker); a chance or occasion.

찾아왔다

chajawatda — Came along, arrived; an opportunity presented itself.

같은

gateun — Same; adjective modifier meaning identical or similar.

쪽

jjok — Side, direction; indicates a particular side or way.

보도에

bodoe — On the sidewalk; locative form of 보도.

소녀에게서

sonyeoegeso — From the girl; source postposition attached to 소녀.

멀지

meolji — Not far; conjunctive negation of 멀다 (to be far).

않은

aneun — Not; negative modifier form of 않다.

곳에

gose — At a place; locative postposition on 곳 (place).

나이는

naineun — Age (topic marker); referring to a person's age.

점잖아

jeomjanaa — Dignified, genteel; conjunctive of 점잖다.

보이지만

boijiman — Appears to be, but; concessive form of 보이다.

걸음걸이는

georeumgeorineun — Gait, manner of walking (topic marker).

결코

gyeolko — Never, by no means; strong negative adverb.

점잖다고

jeomjantago — That it is dignified; quotative form of 점잖다.

할

hal — To say/do; future/modifier form of 하다.

없는

eomneun — Without, lacking; negative modifier of 없다.

야회복

yahoebok — Evening dress, formal attire; clothing for formal events.

차림의

charimui — Dressed in; possessive form of 차림 (attire).

신사가

sinsaga — Gentleman (subject marker); a well-mannered man.

나타났다

natanattda — Appeared; past tense of 나타나다 (to appear).

그는

geuneun — He (topic marker); third-person male pronoun.

비틀거리며

biteulgeorimsyeo — While staggering; conjunctive of 비틀거리다.

조심스럽게

josimseureobge — Carefully, cautiously; adverb of caution.

벽에

byeoge — On/against the wall; locative postposition on 벽.

기대고

gidaego — Leaning against; conjunctive form of 기대다.

있었다

isseotda — Was (doing); past progressive form of 있다.