White nights, and other stories — Page 15

Vocabulary

Không

Không — No, not; negation word in Vietnamese

có

có — To have; to exist; yes (affirmative)

người

người — Person, human being, people

phụ

phụ — Female; secondary; to assist

nữ

nữ — Female, woman, girl

nào

nào — Which, any, what (interrogative/indefinite pronoun)

tốt

tốt — Good, kind, well, excellent

bụng

bụng — Belly, stomach; inner feelings or heart

trừ

trừ — Except, unless, to subtract

phi

phi — Unless, non-, flight; used in compounds

cô

cô — Young woman, Miss; aunt (father's sister)

ta

ta — We, us; I/me (informal); that one

ngu

ngu — Stupid, foolish, dumb

ngốc

ngốc — Foolish, silly, stupid person

hoặc

hoặc — Or, either...or (conjunction)

hơn

hơn — More than, greater than, comparative marker

thế

thế — So, like that, such, that way

nữa

nữa — More, again, also, furthermore

đang

đang — Currently doing; present progressive tense marker

bực

bực — Annoyed, irritated, frustrated

bội

bội — Frustrated, upset; multiple, double

về

về — About, regarding; to return home

điều

điều — Thing, matter, issue, point (abstract)

gì

gì — What, something, anything (question word)

đó

đó — That, there, that one (demonstrative)

vào

vào — To enter, into, at (a time)

lúc

lúc — Moment, time, when

ấy

ấy — That, those (demonstrative, slightly distant)

mà

mà — But, yet, while; emphasis particle

lại

lại — Again, but, on the other hand

thể

thể — Can, able to; body, form

nhẫn

nhẫn — To endure, tolerate; ring (jewelry)

tâm

tâm — Heart, mind, center; compassion

đuổi

đuổi — To chase away, dismiss, expel someone

anh

anh — Older brother; male pronoun for young men

đi

đi — To go; imperative particle; away

không

không — No, not; negation; zero

nói

nói — To speak, say, tell

hai

hai — Two, number two

từ

từ — Word; from; since; gentle, kind

rụt

rụt — To shrink back, withdraw shyly

rè

rè — Timid, shy (used in rụt rè)

cầu

cầu — To pray, beg, request; bridge

xin

xin — To ask, beg, request politely

Nhưng

Nhưng — But, however, yet (conjunction)

tôi

tôi — I, me (neutral first-person pronoun)

vậy

vậy — So, then, like that, therefore

Dĩ

Dĩ — Of course (used in dĩ nhiên)

nhiên

nhiên — Natural, of course (used in dĩ nhiên)

sẽ

sẽ — Will, shall (future tense marker)

tưởng

tưởng — To think, imagine, assume incorrectly

là

là — To be (copula verb)

điên

điên — Crazy, insane, mad

mất

mất — To lose; gone; completive aspect particle

Tôi

Tôi — I, me (neutral first-person pronoun)

tự

tự — Self, by oneself, autonomous

suy

suy — To think, consider, reflect, decline

xét

xét — To examine, consider, assess carefully

bản

bản — Copy, version; own (bản thân = oneself)

thân

thân — Body, self; close, intimate

mình

mình — Oneself, body; intimate pronoun (I/you)

biết

biết — To know, to be aware of something

khá

khá — Quite, rather, fairly, considerably

nhiều

nhiều — Many, much, a lot

cuộc

cuộc — Life, match, event (classifier for events)

sống

sống — To live, life, alive

của

của — Of, belonging to (possessive marker)

khác

khác — Other, different, another

Ồ

Ồ — Oh! (exclamation of surprise or realization)

cảm

cảm — To feel, sense; gratitude (cảm ơn)

ơn

ơn — Gratitude, grace, favor; thank (cảm ơn)

thốt

thốt — To blurt out, exclaim suddenly

lên

lên — Up, upward; to rise; directional particle

vừa

vừa — Just (recent past); both...and; fitting

làm

làm — To do, make, work

được

được — To be able to; to receive; successfully done

cho

cho — To give, for, so that

đâu

đâu — Where; nowhere; not at all

vui

vui — Happy, joyful, fun, cheerful

lắm

lắm — Very, extremely, a lot

hãy

hãy — Please, let's (imperative/suggestion particle)

sao

sao — Why, how, star; so (interrogative)

nhận

nhận — To receive, recognize, acknowledge

ra

ra — Out, outward; to come out; realize

rằng

rằng — That (subordinating conjunction, introducing clause)

kiểu

kiểu — Style, type, manner, way

ừ

ừ — Yeah, yes, uh-huh (informal agreement)

thì

thì — Then, as for (topic/conditional marker)

xứng

xứng — Worthy, deserving, suitable

đáng

đáng — Deserving, worthy of, worth

chú

chú — Uncle; to pay attention; notice

ý

ý — Idea, thought, intention, meaning

và

và — And (conjunction connecting nouns/clauses)

kết

kết — To form, connect, conclude, make (friends)

bạn

bạn — Friend; you (peer pronoun)

thực

thực — Real, true, actual, genuine

phải

phải — Must, have to; right, correct

bà

bà — Grandmother; Mrs.; elderly woman

chủ

chủ — Owner, master, host, landlord

nhà

nhà — House, home, building

như

như — Like, as, such as, similar to

Điều

Điều — Thing, matter, point (abstract noun classifier)

khiến

khiến — To cause, make someone do something

quyết

quyết — To decide, determine, resolve firmly

định

định — To decide, plan, intend to do

đến

đến — To come, arrive, until, to

gần

gần — Near, close, nearby

ư

ư — Oh? Really? (surprised question particle)

ở

ở — To live, stay, be located at

một

một — One, a, an (number and article)

đàn

đàn — Group, herd; musical instrument; classifier

ông

ông — Grandfather, Mr., sir; old man

quá

quá — Too, very, excessively, overly

láo

láo — Rude, insolent, disrespectful, impudent

xược

xược — Arrogant, insolent (used in láo xược)

trời

trời — Sky, heaven, God, weather

đã

đã — Already, past tense marker, done

tối

tối — Dark, night, evening

rồi

rồi — Already, then, done, afterward

Cô

Cô — Young woman, Miss; aunt (father's sister)

thừa

thừa — Excess, surplus, to have left over

bổn

bổn — Duty, obligation, own (bổn phận = duty)

phận

phận — Duty, fate, destiny, lot in life

trước

trước — Before, in front, previous, ahead

phía

phía — Side, direction, toward

bên

bên — Side, beside, next to

kia

kia — That, over there, the other (distant)

đấy

đấy — There, that, you see (emphatic particle)

Ở

Ở — To live, stay, be located at

Thật

Thật — True, real, truly, really, indeed

sự

sự — Matter, affair, fact (nominalizer)

trả

trả — To return, pay back, respond, answer

lời

lời — Word, reply, answer, profit

ngại

ngại — To be reluctant, shy, embarrassed about

hôm

hôm — Day (hôm nay = today)

nay

nay — Today, now, this (hôm nay = today)

rất

rất — Very, quite, extremely (intensifier)

hát

hát — To sing, singing

ngoài

ngoài — Outside, beyond, except

vùng

vùng — Region, zone, area

ngoại

ngoại — Outer, external, foreign, maternal side

ô

ô — Suburb (ngoại ô); umbrella; compartment

chưa

chưa — Not yet, have not yet done

bao

bao — How much/many; ever (bao giờ = ever/when)

giờ

giờ — Hour, time, now, o'clock

những

những — Those, these (plural marker for nouns)

khoảnh

khoảnh — Moment, instant (khoảnh khắc = moment)

khắc

khắc — Instant, moment; to carve, engrave

hạnh

hạnh — Happiness, virtue (hạnh phúc = happiness)

phúc

phúc — Blessing, happiness, fortune

lẽ

lẽ — Reason, perhaps, should, logic

chỉ

chỉ — Only, just, merely

tượng

tượng — Statue, image, symbol, elephant

Xin

Xin — Please, to request, ask politely

thứ

thứ — To forgive; ordinal number; type, kind

lỗi

lỗi — Mistake, fault, error; to apologize

khi

khi — When, at the time of

nhắc

nhắc — To remind, mention, bring up again

này

này — This, these (near demonstrative pronoun)

khóc

khóc — To cry, weep, sob

chịu

chịu — To endure, bear, accept, tolerate

nghe

nghe — To listen, hear

thấy

thấy — To see, feel, perceive, notice

nó

nó — It, he, she (third person informal)

tim

tim — Heart (organ); heart metaphorically

đau

đau — To hurt, pain, ache, sore

thắt

thắt — To tighten, constrict; heart-wrenching pain

Ôi

Ôi — Oh! (exclamation of emotion or surprise)

ơi

ơi — Hey, oh (calling someone or exclamation)