A Modest Proposal: For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick — Page 3

Vocabulary

この

kono — This (adjective modifying a noun nearby)

よう

yō — Manner, way, appearance, or likeness

な

na — Adjectival particle linking noun-like adjectives

こと

koto — Thing, fact, or abstract matter

は

wa — Topic-marking particle indicating the subject

我々

wareware — We, us; formal first-person plural pronoun

の

no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns

間

aida / ma — Interval, space between, or among people

で

de — Particle indicating location, means, or context

あまり

amari — Too much, excessively, or not very (negative)

にも

ni mo — Also, even; emphatic particle combination

頻繁

hinpan — Frequent, occurring repeatedly and often

に

ni — Particle indicating direction, time, or manner

起こっ

okotte (okoku stem) — Occurring, happening (stem form of 起こる)

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential actions

おり

ori — Formal continuous form of いる (to be/exist)

哀れ

aware — Pitiful, pathetic, evoking compassion or sorrow

無辜

muko — Innocent, guiltless; one free from wrongdoing

嬰児

eiji — Infant, newborn baby, very young child

を

wo / o — Object-marking particle for direct objects

犠牲

gisei — Sacrifice, victim, one who suffers for others

する

suru — To do, to make, to perform an action

恥辱

chijoku — Disgrace, shame, humiliation, dishonor

避ける

sakeru — To avoid, evade, or keep away from something

ため

tame — For the sake of, in order to, because of

より

yori — Than, from; comparative or source particle

も

mo — Also, too, even; inclusive or emphatic particle

出費

shuppi — Expense, expenditure, money spent on something

ある

aru — To exist, to be (for inanimate things)

と

to — And, with, or quotation particle in Japanese

私

watashi — I, me; standard first-person singular pronoun

疑っ

utagatte (stem) — Doubting, suspecting (stem form of 疑う)

それ

sore — That, it; mid-distance demonstrative pronoun

最も

mottomo — Most, extremely; superlative degree adverb

野蛮

yaban — Barbaric, savage, uncivilized behavior or nature

非情

hijō — Heartless, cold, lacking emotion or compassion

胸

mune — Chest, breast, or heart (emotional center)

涙

namida — Tears, teardrops shed from emotion

憐れみ

awaremi — Pity, compassion, sympathy toward suffering others

動かす

ugokasu — To move, stir, or cause something to shift

あろう

arō — Probably is; volitional/presumptive form of ある

王国

ōkoku — Kingdom, realm ruled by a king or monarch

人口

jinkō — Population, the number of people in an area

通常

tsūjō — Usually, normally, under ordinary circumstances

百五十万

hyaku gojū man — One million five hundred thousand (1,500,000)

人

hito / nin / jin — Person, people; counter for human beings

見なさ

minasa (stem of みなす) — Regarded as, considered to be (stem form)

れ

re — Passive/potential auxiliary verb suffix form

その

sono — That (adjective); refers to previously mentioned noun

うち

uchi — Among, within, inside a group or range

妻

tsuma — Wife, one's own spouse (female)

が

ga — Subject-marking particle; also contrasting conjunction

子

ko — Child, offspring, young one

産む

umu — To give birth, to bear a child

夫婦

fūfu — Married couple, husband and wife together

約

yaku — Approximately, about; rough numerical estimate

二十万

nijū man — Two hundred thousand (200,000)

組

kumi — Group, pair, set; counter for couples or teams

計算

keisan — Calculation, computation, arithmetic reckoning

数

kazu / sū — Number, count, numerical quantity

から

kara — From, because of; origin or reason particle

自ら

mizukara — Oneself, by oneself, personally and directly

養う

yashinau — To support, raise, or provide for dependents

できる

dekiru — To be able to, can, to be possible

三万

san man — Thirty thousand (30,000)

差し引く

sashihiku — To subtract, deduct, take away from total

もっとも

mottomo — However, although; concessive conjunction in context

現在

genzai — Currently, at present, the present time

困窮

konkyū — Poverty, destitution, extreme financial hardship

状態

jōtai — State, condition, current situation or status

ほど

hodo — To the extent of, about, as much as

多く

ōku — Many, much, a large number or quantity

いない

inai — Not present, does not exist (negative of いる)

思う

omou — To think, feel, or believe something subjectively

これ

kore — This, this one; near-speaker demonstrative pronoun

認める

mitomeru — To recognize, admit, acknowledge as true

すれ

sure — Conditional stem of する (to do)

ば

ba — Conditional particle meaning if or when

十七万

jūnana man — One hundred seventy thousand (170,000)

女性

josei — Woman, female, womankind in general

残る

nokoru — To remain, be left over, stay behind

なる

naru — To become, to turn into, to result in

さらに

sara ni — Furthermore, even more, in addition to that

五万

go man — Fifty thousand (50,000)

流産

ryūzan — Miscarriage, spontaneous abortion of a fetus

し

shi — Conjunctive form of する; also listing conjunction

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb; completed action marker

事故

jiko — Accident, mishap, unforeseen harmful incident

や

ya — And (listing), or; particle linking similar items

病気

byōki — Illness, sickness, disease affecting the body

一年

ichi nen — One year, a period of twelve months

以内

inai — Within, inside of, not exceeding a limit

死亡

shibō — Death, dying, fatality (formal or official usage)

分

bun / fun / pun — Part, portion; also minute (time unit)

毎年

maitoshi / mainen — Every year, annually, each year

生まれる

umareru — To be born, to come into existence

貧しい

mazushii — Poor, impoverished, lacking material resources

親

oya — Parent, father or mother, one's guardian

子供

kodomo — Child, children; young person not yet adult

十二万

jūni man — One hundred twenty thousand (120,000)

したがって

shitagatte — Therefore, consequently, thus, as a result

問題

mondai — Problem, question, issue requiring a solution

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or living beings

いかに

ika ni — How, in what way; formal interrogative adverb

して

shite — Doing, by doing; conjunctive form of する

育て

sodate (stem of 育てる) — Raising, nurturing children (stem form)

か

ka — Question particle; or marks uncertainty/indirect question

という

to iu — Called, known as; quoting or naming something

すでに

sude ni — Already, by now, previously at an earlier time

述べ

nobe (stem of 述べる) — Stated, mentioned (stem form of 述べる)

状況

jōkyō — Situation, circumstances, current state of affairs

おい

oi (in おいて) — In, at; locative stem used in formal writing

まで

made — Until, up to, as far as (limit particle)

提案

teian — Proposal, suggestion, a plan put forward

さ

sa — Nominalization suffix; also casual sentence-ending particle

あらゆる

arayuru — Every, all possible, of every kind

方法

hōhō — Method, way, means of doing something

よっ

yotte (stem) — By means of, due to (stem of よる/よって)

全く

mattaku — Completely, entirely, utterly, absolutely

不可能

fukanō — Impossible, not feasible, unable to be done