A Modest Proposal: For preventing the children of poor people in Ireland, from being a burden on their parents or country, and for making them beneficial to the publick — Page 4

Vocabulary

なぜなら

nazenara — because; the reason being that

彼ら

karera — they; them (third person plural)

を

wo — object marker particle in Japanese grammar

手工業

shukōgyō — handicraft industry; manual craft-based work

や

ya — and; or (listing particle, non-exhaustive)

農業

nōgyō — agriculture; farming as an occupation

に

ni — particle indicating direction, location, or purpose

従事

jūji — engagement in; working at an occupation

せる

seru — causative verb ending; to make or let someone do

こと

koto — thing; fact; nominalizer for verb phrases

も

mo — also; too; even (inclusive particle)

でき

deki — can; be able to (stem of dekiru)

ない

nai — not; negative auxiliary verb ending

から

kara — because; from; since (reason or origin)

で

de — particle indicating means, location, or reason

ある

aru — to exist; to be (for inanimate things)

は

wa — topic marker particle in Japanese grammar

家

ie — house; home; family dwelling

建てる

tateru — to build; to construct a structure

田舎

inaka — countryside; rural area; one's hometown

て

te — conjunctive particle connecting verb phrases

土地

tochi — land; plot of ground; territory

耕す

tagayasu — to till; to cultivate land for farming

六歳

rokusei — six years old; age of six

なる

naru — to become; to reach a state or age

まで

made — until; up to; as far as

盗み

nusumi — theft; stealing; act of taking unlawfully

よっ

yot(te) — by means of; through (contracted form of yotte)

生計

seikei — livelihood; means of making a living

立てる

tateru — to establish; to make (a living, plan)

ほとんど

hotondo — almost; nearly; mostly; hardly any

ただし

tadashi — however; provided that; with the exception

素質

soshitsu — natural talent; innate disposition or aptitude

の

no — possessive or nominalizing particle in Japanese

者

mono — person; one who is; individual

別

betsu — separate; different; another case entirely

あり

ari — there is; exists (classical/formal form)

その

sono — that; those (referring to something nearby)

よう

yō — like; such as; in the manner of

な

na — adjectival particle linking na-adjective to noun

基礎

kiso — foundation; basics; fundamental groundwork

ずっと

zutto — much more; far; continuously; all along

早く

hayaku — quickly; early; at an earlier time

習得

shūtoku — acquisition; mastering a skill or knowledge

する

suru — to do; to perform an action

認める

mitomeru — to recognize; to acknowledge; to approve

が

ga — subject marker particle; but; however

間

aida/ma — interval; period; between two points in time

として

toshite — as; in the capacity of; in the role of

しか

shika — only; nothing but (used with negative)

見なす

minasu — to regard as; to consider; to deem

この

kono — this (demonstrative modifying a nearby noun)

州

shū — state; province; county; administrative region

有力

yūryoku — influential; powerful; prominent in society

紳士

shinshi — gentleman; man of high social standing

聞い

kioi — heard (te-form stem of kiku, to hear/ask)

た

ta — past tense auxiliary; indicates completed action

彼

kare — he; him (third person masculine pronoun)

技芸

gigei — art; craft; skilled artistic technique

最も

mottomo — most; extremely; the greatest degree of

早い

hayai — fast; quick; early (adjective form)

と

to — quotation/comparison particle; and; with

名高い

nadakai — renowned; famous; well-known; celebrated

地方

chihō — region; district; local area; province

さえ

sae — even; as long as; if only (emphasis particle)

以下

ika — below; less than; the following (items)

一つ

hitotsu — one; one item; a single thing

か

ka — question particle; or (between alternatives)

二つ

futatsu — two; two items; a pair of things

例

rei — example; instance; case cited as reference

知っ

shit(te) — knowing (te-form of shiru, to know)

いる

iru — to be; to exist (animate beings)

過ぎ

sugi — too much; excessive; passing beyond a point

私

watashi — I; me (first person singular pronoun)

断言

dangen — assertion; declaration; stating with confidence

し

shi — conjunctive verb form; and; moreover

我々

wareware — we; us (formal first person plural pronoun)

商人

shōnin — merchant; trader; business person

たち

tachi — plural suffix for people or living beings

保証

hoshō — guarantee; assurance; warranty; pledge

ところ

tokoro — place; situation; point; the fact that

よれ

yore — according to (conditional form of yoru)

ば

ba — conditional particle meaning if or when

十二歳

jūnisai — twelve years old; age of twelve

前

mae — before; in front of; prior to

男の子

otoko no ko — boy; male child; young male person

女の子

onna no ko — girl; female child; young female person

売り物

urimono — item for sale; merchandise; marketable commodity

なら

nara — if; in the case of (conditional particle)

年齢

nenrei — age; years of age; one's age in years

達し

tashi — reaching; attaining (stem of tassuru)

市場

ichiba / shijō — market; marketplace; place of buying and selling

三

san — three; the number three

ポンド

pondo — pound (British currency or unit of weight)

せいぜい

seizei — at most; at best; to the utmost extent

半

han — half; semi; partial amount

以上

ijō — more than; above; that concludes (formal)

いう

iu — to say; to be called; to express

これ

kore — this; this thing (proximal demonstrative pronoun)

親

oya — parent; father or mother; guardian

とっ

tot(te) — for; to (contracted te-form of toru/totte)

国家

kokka — nation; state; country as a political entity

利益

rieki — profit; benefit; advantage; gain

食費

shokuhi — food expenses; cost of meals and provisions

衣服代

ifukudai — clothing costs; expenses for garments and dress

だけ

dake — only; just; merely; limited to

少なくとも

sukunakutomo — at least; no fewer than; at minimum

四倍

yonbai — four times as much; quadruple the amount

かかっ

kakat(te) — costs; takes (time or money); te-form of kakaru

それゆえ

soreyue — therefore; for that reason; consequently

ここ

koko — here; this place; this point

いささか

isasaka — somewhat; a little; rather (formal nuance)

異論

iron — objection; dissenting opinion; counterargument

招か

maneka — inviting; causing; bringing about (stem of maneku)

思わ

omowa — thinking; believing (negative/passive stem of omou)

れる

reru — passive or potential verb auxiliary suffix

自分

jibun — oneself; myself; yourself; one's own self

自身

jishin — oneself; personally; by one's own self

考え

kangae — thought; idea; opinion; way of thinking

謹ん

tsutsushi(n) — humbly; respectfully (stem of tsutsushimu)

提案

teian — proposal; suggestion; putting forward an idea

もの

mono — thing; object; one who; nominalizing expression