A Tale of Two Cities — Page 3

Vocabulary

パリ

Pari — The capital city of France.

に

ni — Particle indicating location, direction, or time.

隣接

rinsetsu — Adjacent to; neighboring; being next to something.

する

suru — To do; general-purpose action verb.

重い

omoi — Heavy; weighty; serious in nature.

土地

tochi — Land; ground; a plot of earth.

を

wo — Object-marking particle indicating direct object.

耕す

tagayasu — To till; to cultivate land for farming.

者

mono — Person; one who does something.

たち

tachi — Plural suffix for people or groups.

の

no — Possessive or linking particle between nouns.

粗末

somatsu — Crude; shabby; poorly made or rough.

な

na — Adjectival particle connecting na-adjectives to nouns.

納屋

naya — Barn; storage shed on a farm.

中

naka — Inside; within; the interior of something.

まさに

masani — Exactly; precisely; indeed; just as expected.

その

sono — That; the; demonstrative modifier for nearby things.

日

hi — Day; sun; a specific calendar day.

荒天

koutten — Stormy weather; rough or violent meteorological conditions.

凌ぐ

shinogu — To endure; to weather; to get through difficulty.

よう

you — So as to; in order to; resembling.

田舎

inaka — Countryside; rural area; provincial region.

泥

doro — Mud; dirt mixed with water.

まみれ

mamire — Covered in; smeared with; completely coated.

豚

buta — Pig; swine; domestic farm animal.

鼻先

hanasaki — Tip of the nose; snout; very close proximity.

で

de — Particle indicating location of action or means.

つつか

tsutsuka — To poke; to prod; to nudge repeatedly.

れ

re — Passive or potential verb suffix.

家禽

kakin — Poultry; domesticated birds kept for farming.

塒

toguro / nedoko — Roosting place; a bird's sleeping or nesting spot.

と

to — And; with; quotation particle; companion particle.

なっ

nat(te) — Became; turned into; conjugated form of naru.

た

ta — Past tense auxiliary verb suffix.

無骨

bukotsu — Crude; rough-mannered; unsophisticated in appearance.

荷車

niguruma — Cart; wagon used for carrying heavy loads.

が

ga — Subject-marking particle; but; however.

置か

oka — Was placed; left; set down somewhere.

て

te — Conjunctive particle connecting sequential or simultaneous actions.

い

i — Auxiliary indicating ongoing state; short form of iru.

こと

koto — Thing; fact; matter; nominalizer for verb phrases.

は

wa — Topic-marking particle emphasizing subject or contrast.

十分

juubun — Sufficient; enough; fully; adequately.

あり

ari — There is; exists; conjugated form of aru.

得る

uru / eru — To be able to; to obtain; to gain.

話

hanashi — Story; tale; topic of conversation.

それら

sorera — Those things; plural demonstrative pronoun.

農夫

noufu — Farmer; agricultural worker; peasant laborer.

死神

shinigami — God of death; Death personified; grim reaper.

革命

kakumei — Revolution; radical political or social upheaval.

処刑

shokei — Execution; capital punishment carried out officially.

車

kuruma — Vehicle; cart; wheel; car.

し

shi — And; conjunctive or listing verb ending.

既に

sudeni — Already; by now; previously completed.

取り分け

toriわake — Especially; particularly; above all others.

おい

oi — Hey; aging; exclamation to get attention.

もの

mono — Thing; object; used for emphasis or reasoning.

あっ

at(te) — Was; existed; conjugated past form of aru.

しかし

shikashi — However; but; a conjunction indicating contrast.

あの

ano — That (over there); distant demonstrative modifier.

木こり

kikori — Woodcutter; lumberjack; one who chops trees.

絶えず

taezu — Constantly; unceasingly; without pause or interruption.

働き

hataraki — Work; labor; working; effort applied to tasks.

ながら

nagara — While doing; simultaneously performing two actions.

も

mo — Also; even; too; inclusive particle.

静か

shizuka — Quiet; calm; peaceful; without noise.

働い

hatarai — Worked; labored; conjugated form of hataraku.

おり

ori — Is; exists; humble or classical form of iru.

忍び足

shinobiashi — Tiptoeing; stealthy footsteps; moving without sound.

動き回る

ugokimawaru — To move around; to wander about actively.

彼ら

karera — They; them; third-person plural pronoun.

音

oto — Sound; noise; audio; a heard vibration.

誰

dare — Who; which person; interrogative pronoun.

聞か

kika — Hear; listen; conjugated form of kiku.

なかっ

nakat(ta) — Did not; past negative auxiliary verb form.

という

to iu — Called; known as; expressing reported speech or name.

目覚め

mezame — Awakening; waking up; becoming aware.

いる

iru — To be; to exist; used for animate beings.

疑念

ginen — Doubt; suspicion; a feeling of uncertainty.

少し

sukoshi — A little; slightly; a small amount.

抱く

idaku / daku — To hold; to harbor feelings; to embrace.

神

kami — God; deity; divine spirit or being.

冒涜

boutoku — Blasphemy; desecration; profaning something sacred.

国家

kokka — Nation; state; country as a political entity.

反逆

hangyaku — Treason; rebellion; betrayal against authority.

から

kara — From; because; since; starting point particle.

ある

aru — To exist; there is; to have (inanimate).

イングランド

Ingurando — England; the southern part of Great Britain.

大い

ooi — Great; largely; to a great degree.

誇れる

hokoreru — To be proud of; to boast about something.

ほど

hodo — To the extent that; about; approximately.

秩序

chitsujo — Order; discipline; organized social arrangement.

や

ya — And; listing particle for non-exhaustive lists.

安全

anzen — Safety; security; free from danger or harm.

ほとんど

hotondo — Mostly; almost; hardly any; nearly all.

存在

sonzai — Existence; presence; being; to exist as something.